IPv4 Address PDF

IP Addressing v4
By Eng. Ahmad Hassan Al-Mashaikh

Email : Ahmad.private.mashaikh@Hotmail.com
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• IP Addressing v4
An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that
uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address serves two main functions: host or network
interface identification and location addressing.
• Types of IP address v4
➢ private IP address
➢ public IP addresses
o A private IP address is an IP address that's reserved for internal use behind a router or other Network Address Translation
(NAT) device, apart from the public.
o Private IP addresses are in contrast to public IP addresses, which are public and can not be used within a home or
business network.
o An IPv4 address is a 32-bit address. That is typically written in dotted-decimal notation. Such as 192.168.1.1
o Each 8-bit value number between 0 and 255
192 . 168 . 1 . 1
By : Eng. Ahmad Hassan Al-Mashaikh
• IP must give each LAN its own identifier
• Network IDs
o All computers on same LAN must have same Network ID.
o Each computer on same LAN must have a unique Host ID.

• IP Address Classes v4
✓ Class A - 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255 | ( Supports 16,777,216 hosts ) | 126 Networks.
✓ Class B - 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255 | ( Supports 65,536 hosts ) | 16,382 Network.
✓ Class C - 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 | ( Support 254 hosts ) | 2,097,150 Networks.
✓ Class D - 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 | Reserved for Multicasting.
✓ Class E - 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 | Uses for research.

• Private IP Address v4
✓ Class A - 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 | 255.0.0.0 – Subnet Mask / 8 | CIDR
✓ Class B - 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 | 255.255.0.0 – Subnet Mask / 16 | CIDR
✓ Class C - 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 | 255.255.255.0 – Subnet Mask / 24 | CIDR
✓ Loopback Address Class A – 127.0.0.1 – 127.255.255.255 | 255.0.0.0
• CIDR - Classless Inter-Domain Routing

• IPv4 Address Structure
• IP Addresses (IPv4 only]
• 32-bit value
• Example: 11000000101010000000010000000010
• Broken into four groups of eight
11000000.10101000.00000100.00000010
• Each 8-bit value converted into a decimal number between 0 and 255, 192.168.100.2

• IPv4 Subnetting
• Classfull and Classless
Classfull
Class - C
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
192.168.0.0 / 24
255.255.255.0
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Host 2^ 8 = 256 ( 256 - 2 = 254 ) Network ID 192.168.0.0

Network 2^ 0 = 1 Frist Host 192.168.0.1
Lost Host 192.168.0.254
Broadcast 192.168.0.255
• IPv4 Subnetting
Classless
Class - C
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
192.168.0.0 / 25
255.255.255.128
11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000
Host 2 ^ 7 = 128 ( 128 - 2 = 126 )
Network 2 ^ 1 = 2
256 – 128 = 128

Network -1 Network -2
Network - ID 192.168.0.0 192.168.0.128
Frist host 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.129
Lost host 192.168.0.126 192.168.0.254
Broadcast 192.168.0.127 192.168.0.255

• IPv4 Subnetting
• CIDR - Classless Inter-Domain Routing Email : Ahmad.private.mashaikh@Hotmail.com
Class - C Classless
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
192.168.0.0 / 26
255.255.255.192
11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
Host 2 ^ 6 = 64 ( 64 - 2 = 62 ) 256 – 192 = 64
Network 2 ^ 2 = 4
Network -1 Network -2 Network -3 Network -4
Network - ID 192.168.0.0 192.168.0.64 192.168.0.128 192.168.0.192
Frist host 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.65 192.168.0.129 192.168.0.193
Lost host 192.168.0.62 192.168.0.126 192.168.0.190 192.168.0.254
Broadcast 192.168.0.63 192.168.0.127 192.168.0.191 192.168.0.255
• IPv4 Subnetting
Class - C Classless
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
192.168.0.0 / 27
255.255.255.224
11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
Host 2 ^ 5 = 32 ( 32 - 2 = 30 )
256 – 224 = 32
Network 2 ^ 3 = 8
Network -1 Network -2 Network -3 Network -4 Network -5 Network -6 Network -7 Network -8
Network - ID 192.168.0.0 192.168.0.32 192.168.0.64 192.168.0.96 192.168.0.128 192.168.0.160 192.168.0.192 192.168.0.224
Frist host 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.33 192.168.0.65 192.168.0.97 192.168.0.129 192.168.0.161 192.168.0.193 192.168.0.225
Lost host 192.168.0.30 192.168.0.62 192.168.0.94 192.168.0.126 192.168.0.158 192.168.0.190 192.168.0.222 192.168.0.254
Broadcast 192.168.0.31 192.168.0.63 192.168.0.95 192.168.0.127 192.168.0.159 192.168.0.191 192.168.0.223 192.168.0.255
• IPv4 Subnetting
Classless
Class - C
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
192.168.0.0 / 28
255.255.255.240
11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
Host 2 ^ 4 = 16 ( 16 - 2 = 14 )
Network 2 ^ 4 = 16
256 – 240 = 16

Network - ID 192.168.0.0 192.168.0.16 192.168.0.32 192.168.0.48 192.168.0.64 192.168.0.80 192.168.0.96 192.168.0.112
Frist host 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.17 192.168.0.33 192.168.0.49 192.168.0.65 192.168.0.81 192.168.0.97 192.168.0.113
Lost host 192.168.0.14 192.168.0.30 192.168.0.46 192.168.0.62 192.168.0.78 192.168.0.94 192.168.0.110 192.168.0.126
Broadcast 192.168.0.15 192.168.0.31 192.168.0.47 192.168.0.63 192.168.0.79 192.168.0.95 192.168.0.111 192.168.0.127
Network - ID 192.168.0.128 192.168.0.144 192.168.0.160 192.168.0.176 192.168.0.192 192.168.0.208 192.168.0.224 192.168.0.240
Frist host 192.168.0.129 192.168.0.145 192.168.0.161 192.168.0.177 192.168.0.193 192.168.0.209 192.168.0.225 192.168.0.241
Lost host 192.168.0.142 192.168.0.158 192.168.0.174 192.168.0.190 192.168.0.206 192.168.0.222 192.168.0.238 192.168.0.254
Broadcast 192.168.0.143 192.168.0.159 192.168.0.175 192.168.0.191 192.168.0.207 192.168.0.223 192.168.0.239 192.168.0.255

• IPv4 Subnetting
Classless
Class - C
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
192.168.0.0 / 29
255.255.255.248
11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000
Host 2 ^ 3 = 8 ( 8 - 2 = 6 )
Network 2 ^ 5 = 32 256 – 248 = 8

Network - ID 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0.
Frist host 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0.
Lost host 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0.
Broadcast 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0.
Network - ID 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0.
Frist host 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0.
Lost host 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0.
Broadcast 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0.

Network - ID 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0.
Frist host 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0.
Lost host 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0.
Broadcast 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0.
Network - ID 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0.
Frist host 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0.
Lost host 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0.
Broadcast 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0. 192.168.0.

• IPv4 Subnetting
Classless
Class - C
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
192.168.0.0 / 30
255.255.255.252
11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100
Host 2 ^ 2 = 4 ( 4 - 2 = 2 )
Network 2 ^ 6 = 64 256 – 252 = 4

Examples :-
192.168.0.100 / 24 192.168.0.200 /25 192.168.0.200 /26

255.255.255.0 255.255.255.128 255.255.255.192
192.168.0.20 /27 192.168.0.109 / 28 192.168.0.5 / 29

255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.248
192.168.0.1 / 30
255.255.255.252
Finish Class – C , Go to Class – B

• IPv4 Subnetting
Classfull
Class - B
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
172.16.0.0 / 16
255.255.0.0
11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
Host 2^ 16 = 65,536 (65,536 - 2 = 65,534 ) Network ID 172.16.0.0

Lost Host 172.16.255.254
Broadcast 172.16.255 255
• IPv4 Subnetting
Class - B Classless
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
172.16.0.0 / 17
255.255.128.0
11111111.11111111.10000000.00000000
Host 2 ^ 15 = 32,768 (32,768 - 2 = 32,766 ) 256 – 128 = 128
Network 2 ^ 1 = 2 Network -1 Network -2
Network - ID 172.16.0.0 172.16.128.0
Frist host 172.16.0.1 172.16.129.1
Lost host 172.16.127.254 172.16.255.254
Broadcast 172.16.127.255 172.16.255.255
• IPv4 Subnetting
Class - B Classless
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
172.16.0.0 / 18
255.255.192.0
11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000
Host 2 ^ 14 = 16,384 (16,384 - 2 = 16,382 ) 256 – 192 = 64
Network 2 ^ 2 = 4
Network -1 Network -2 Network -3 Network -4
Network - ID 172.16.0.0 172.16.64.0 172.16.128.0 172.16.192.0
Frist host 172.16.0.1 172.16.65.1 172.16.129.1 172.16.193.1
Lost host 172.16.62.254 172.16.126.254 172.16.190.254 172.16.255.254
Broadcast 172.16.63.255 172.16.127.255 172.16.191.255 172.16.255.255
• IPv4 Subnetting
Class - B Classless
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
172.16.0.0 / 23
255.255.254.0
11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
Host 2 ^ 9 = 512 (512 - 2 = 510 )
Network 2 ^ 7 = 128
256 – 254 = 2
• IPv4 Subnetting
Class - B Classless
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
172.16.0.0 / 24
255.255.255.0
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Host 2 ^ 8 = 256 (256 - 2 = 254 )
Network 2 ^ 8 = 256
256 – 255 = 1
• IPv4 Subnetting
Class - B Classless
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
172.16.0.0 / 25
255.255.255.128
11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000
Host 2 ^ 7 = 128 (128 - 2 = 126 )
Network 2 ^ 9 = 512
256 – 128 = 128
• IPv4 Subnetting
Class - B Classless
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
172.16.0.0 / 26
255.255.255.192
11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
Host 2 ^ 6 = 64 (64 - 2 = 62 )
Network 2 ^ 10 = 1024
256 – 192 = 64
• IPv4 Subnetting
Class - B Classless
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
172.16.0.0 / 27
255.255.255.224
11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
Host 2 ^ 5 = 32 ( 32 - 2 = 30 )
Network 2 ^ 11 = 2048
256 – 224 = 32
• IPv4 Subnetting
Classfull
Class - A
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
10.0.0.0 / 8
255.0.0.0
11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
Host 2^ 24 = 16,777,240 (16,777,240 - 2 = 16,777,238 ) Network ID 10.0.0.0

Lost Host 10.255.255.254
Broadcast 10.255.255 255
• IPv4 Subnetting
Class - A Classless
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
10.0.0.0 / 9
255.128.0.0
11111111.10000000.00000000.00000000
Host 2 ^ 23 = 8,388,608 ( 8,388,608 - 2 = 8,388,606 ) 256 – 128 = 128
Network 2 ^ 1 = 2 Network -1 Network -2
Network - ID 10.0.0.0 10.128.0.0
Frist host 10.0.0.1 10.128.0.1
Lost host 10.127.255.254 10.255.255.254
Broadcast 10.127.255.255 10.255.255.255
• IPv4 Subnetting
Class - A Classless
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
10.0.0.0 / 14
255.252.0.0
11111111.11111100.00000000.00000000
Host 2 ^ 18 = 262,144 ( 262,144 - 2 = 262,142 )
Network 2 ^ 6 = 64
256 – 252 = 4
• IPv4 Subnetting
Class - A Classless
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
10.0.0.0 / 16
255.255.0.0
11111111.1111111.00000000.00000000
Host 2 ^ 16 = 65,536 ( 65,536 - 2 = 65,534 )
Network 2 ^ 8 = 256
256 – 255 = 1
• IPv4 Subnetting
Class - A Classless
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
10.0.0.0 / 17
255.255.128.0
11111111.1111111.10000000.00000000
Host 2 ^ 15 = 32,768 ( 32,768 - 2 = 32,766 )
Network 2 ^ 9 = 512
256 – 128 = 128
• IPv4 Subnetting
Class - A Classless
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
10.0.0.0 / 25
255.255.255.128
11111111.1111111.11111111.10000000
Host 2 ^ 7 = 128 ( 128 - 2 = 126 )
Network 2 ^ 17 = 131,072
256 – 128 = 128

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IP Addressing v4

By Eng. Ahmad Hassan Al-Mashaikh

By : Eng. Ahmad Hassan Al-Mashaikh

✓ Class A - 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255 | ( Supports 16,777,216 hosts ) | 126 Networks.

✓ Class B - 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255 | ( Supports 65,536 hosts ) | 16,382 Network.

✓ Class C - 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 | ( Support 254 hosts ) | 2,097,150 Networks.

✓ Class D - 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 | Reserved for Multicasting.

✓ Class E - 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 | Uses for research.

By : Eng. Ahmad Hassan Al-Mashaikh

✓ Class A - 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 | 255.0.0.0 – Subnet Mask / 8 | CIDR

✓ Class B - 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 | 255.255.0.0 – Subnet Mask / 16 | CIDR

✓ Class C - 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 | 255.255.255.0 – Subnet Mask / 24 | CIDR

✓ Loopback Address Class A – 127.0.0.1 – 127.255.255.255 | 255.0.0.0

• CIDR - Classless Inter-Domain Routing

By : Eng. Ahmad Hassan Al-Mashaikh

By : Eng. Ahmad Hassan Al-Mashaikh

Host 2^ 8 = 256 ( 256 - 2 = 254 ) Network ID 192.168.0.0

By : Eng. Ahmad Hassan Al-Mashaikh

By : Eng. Ahmad Hassan Al-Mashaikh

By : Eng. Ahmad Hassan Al-Mashaikh

By : Eng. Ahmad Hassan Al-Mashaikh

By : Eng. Ahmad Hassan Al-Mashaikh

By : Eng. Ahmad Hassan Al-Mashaikh

By : Eng. Ahmad Hassan Al-Mashaikh

By : Eng. Ahmad Hassan Al-Mashaikh

192.168.0.100 / 24 192.168.0.200 /25 192.168.0.200 /26

192.168.0.20 /27 192.168.0.109 / 28 192.168.0.5 / 29

Finish Class – C , Go to Class – B

By : Eng. Ahmad Hassan Al-Mashaikh

Host 2^ 16 = 65,536 (65,536 - 2 = 65,534 ) Network ID 172.16.0.0

• Classfull and Classless

Host 2^ 24 = 16,777,240 (16,777,240 - 2 = 16,777,238 ) Network ID 10.0.0.0

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