3.2 and 3.

3 Test Review
1. What is a new substance that is formed following a chemical reaction? _Product_

2. What is a substance that is present before a chemical reaction that then undergoes changes during a
chemical reaction? reactant

3. What is a substance that increases the reaction rate without being permanently changed? catalyst

4. What is a substance used to slow down or stop a chemical reaction? inhibitor

5. What is the minimum amount of energy that is required to start a chemical reaction? Activation
energy

6. What is a chemical reaction that absorbs heat? endothermic reaction

7. What is a chemical reaction that releases heat? Exothermic reaction

8. What is a reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen? Combustion reaction

10. What is the law of conservation of energy? States that energy cannot be created or destroyed

11. What does increasing the temperature do to the reaction rate? Speeds up reaction rate

12. What does increasing the concentration do to the reaction rate? Speeds up reaction rate

13. Why is the freezing of liquid water to form ice not a chemical reaction? It is a physical change,
because it does not transform into a different substance

14. What two conditions must exist for molecules to react with one another? The molecules must collide
with enough force and in the proper orientation to react with one another.

15. What are the 5 indicators that a reaction has occurred? Change in color, formation of precipitate,
formation of a gas, noticeable odor, and release of energy in form of light or sound

16. Explain why powdered grain ignites at a faster rate than a solid grain block? Powdered grain has a
larger surface area exposed than a solid grain block. This increases the reaction rate.

17. What is a compound that releases hydrogen ions when it is dissolved in water? acid

18. What is a compound that releases hydroxide ions when it is dissolved in water? base

19. What is the time when an indicator changes color during titration? End point

20. What is the moment when the concentration of hydrogen ions equals the concentration of
hydroxide ions? Equivalence point

21. What is the reaction between an acid and a base in an aqueous solution that yields water and a salt?
Neutralization reaction

22. What is a compound formed from the positive ions of a base and the negative ions of an acid? salt
23. Which is stronger, acetic acid or hydrochloric acid? Explain? Acetic acid is weaker because it only
partially dissolves in water.

24. Explain the difference between a strong and weak acid and base. Weak acids and bases only partially
dissociate in water. Strong acids and bases completely dissociate in water.

25. What causes a higher pH? A higher concentration of hydroxide ions results in a higher pH value.

26. Describe properties of acids. Taste sour. Donate protons. Release hydrogen ions. React with metal
and carbonates.

27. Describe properties of bases. Taste bitter. Accept protons. Caustic. Release hydroxide ions .

28. What are 3 strong acids found in industry? Hydrochloric, nitric, and sulfuric

29. What groups of metal forms strong bases? Groups IA and IIA

30. What type of solution has a pH of 9, 2, and 7? Base; acid; neutral

31. Describe how the products are formed in neutralization reaction. The positive hydrogen ions
produced by the acid are attracted to the negative hydroxide ions produced by the base. They form
water. The positive ion from the base is attracted to the negative ion from the acid to yield the second
product in a neutralization reaction- a salt.

32. What makes strong bases good electrolytes? Strong bases completely dissociate into positive and
negative ions. A large number of oppositely charged ions creates a strong electric current.

33. Is the following chemical equation an example of a weak acid reaction or a strong acid reaction:

CH3COOH + H2O H3O+ + CH3COO–? The double arrows represent a weak acid.
34. Relate the number of hydrogen and hydroxide ions in a neutral solution. They are equal.

35. How do chemists identify whether a solution is an acid or a base? They use indicators or a pH meter
to identify whether a solution is an acid or a base.