Oracle Database

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Oracle Database (commonly referred to as Oracle RDBMS or

simply as Oracle) is a proprietary multi-model[4] database
management system produced and marketed by Oracle
Corporation.

It is a database commonly used for running online transaction

processing (OLTP), data warehousing (DW) and mixed (OLTP
& DW) database workloads. The latest generation, Oracle
Database 19c, is available on-prem, on-cloud, or in a hybrid-
Cloud environment. 19c may also be deployed on Oracle
Engineered Systems (e.g. Exadata) on-prem, on Oracle
(public) cloud or (private) cloud at customer.[5] At Openworld
2017 in San Francisco, Executive Chairman of the Board and
CTO, Larry Ellison announced the next
Oracle Database
database generation, Oracle
Autonomous Database.[6]
Developer(s) Oracle
Corpora
History
Initial release 1979
Larry Ellison and his two friends and Stable release 19c[1]
former co-workers, Bob Miner and Ed 13 Feb
Oates, started a consultancy called 2019
Software Development Laboratories Written in Assembly
(SDL) in 1977. SDL developed the language,
original version of the Oracle software. C, C++[2]
The name Oracle comes from the code- Type Multi-
name of a CIA-funded project Ellison model
had worked on while formerly database
employed by Ampex.[7] License Proprietary[3

Website oracle
Releases and versions …
.com
/database
Oracle products follow a custom
release-numbering and -naming convention. The "c" in the
current release, Oracle Database 19c, stands for "Cloud".
Previous releases (e.g. Oracle Database 10g and Oracle9i
Database) have used suffixes of "g" and "i" which stand for
"Grid" and "Internet" respectively. Prior to the release of
Oracle8i Database, no suffixes featured in Oracle Database
naming conventions. Note that there was no v1 of Oracle
Database, as Larry Ellison, "knew no one would want to buy
version 1".[8] Oracle's RDBMS release numbering has used the
following codes:
 Oracle Initial Initial Terminal Terminal
Marquee
Database Release Release Patchset Patchset
Features
Version Version Date Version Date

First commercially available SQL-based RDBMS implementing

Oracle v2 2.3 1979
some basic SQL queries and simple joins[9]

Oracle v3 3.1.3 1983 Concurrency control, data distribution, and scalability

Multiversion read consistency. First version available for MS-

Oracle v4 4.1.4.0 1984 4.1.4.4
DOS.[10][11]

5.0.22 Support for client/server computing and distributed database

Oracle v5 1985 5.1.22
(5.1.17) systems. First version available for OS/2.[12]

Row-level locking, scalability, online backup and recovery, PL/SQL.

Oracle v6 6.0.17 1988 6.0.37
First version available for Novell Netware 386.[13]

Oracle 6.2 6.2.0 Oracle Parallel Server

PL/SQL stored procedures, Triggers, Distributed 2-phase commit,

Oracle7 7.0.12 June 1992
Shared Cursors, Cost Based Optimizer

Oracle 7.1 7.1.0 May 1994 Parallel SQL Execution

Oracle 7.2 7.2.0 May 1995 Shared Server, XA Transactions, Transparent Application Failover

Oracle 7.3 7.3.0 February 1996 7.3.4 Object-relational database

Oracle8
8.0.3 June 1997 8.0.6 Recovery Manager, Partitioning. First version available for Linux.[14]
Database

Oracle8i August
8.1.5.0 1998 8.1.7.4 Native internet protocols and Java, Virtual Private Database
Database 2000

Oracle9i 9.0.1.0 2001 9.0.1.5 December Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC), Oracle XML DB
Database 2003

Oracle9i
Database 9.2.0.1 2002 9.2.0.8 April 2007 Advanced Queuing, Data Mining, Streams, Logical Standby
Release 2

Oracle
Database February Automated Database Management, Automatic Database Diagnostic
10.1.0.2 2003 10.1.0.5
10g Release 2006 Monitor, Grid infrastructure, Oracle ASM, Flashback Database
1

Oracle
Real Application Testing, Database Vault, Online Indexing, Advanced
Database
10.2.0.1 July 2005 [15] 10.2.0.5 April 2010 Compression, Data Guard Fast-Start Failover, Transparent Data
10g Release
Encryption
2

Oracle
Database September
11.1.0.6 September 2007 11.1.0.7 Active Data Guard, Secure Files, Exadata
11g Release 2008
1

Oracle
Edition Based Redefinition, Data Redaction, Hybrid Columnar
Database August
11.2.0.1 September 2009 [16] 11.2.0.4 Compression, Cluster File System, Golden Gate Replication,
11g Release 2013
Database Appliance
2

Oracle
Database Multitenant architecture, In-Memory Column Store, Native JSON,
12.1.0.1 July 2013 [17] 12.1.0.2 July 2014
12c Release SQL Pattern Matching, Database Cloud Service
1
Oracle 12.2.0.1 September 2016 Native Sharding, Zero Data Loss Recovery Appliance, Exadata Cloud
Database (cloud) Service, Cloud at Customer
12c Release
March 2017 (on-prem)
2

February 2018 (Cloud &

Engineered Systems:
Oracle
18.1.0)[18]
Database 18.1.0 Polymorphic Table Functions, Active Directory Integration
18c July 2018 (on-prem:
18.3.0)[19]

February 2019
(Exadata)[20]

April 2019 (Linux and

Oracle other platforms)[21] Active Data Guard DML Redirection, Automatic Index Creation, Real-
Database 19.1.0 Time Statistics Maintenance, SQL Queries on Object Stores, In-
19c June 2019 (cloud) Memory for IoT Data Streams, and many more.

August 2019 (most

recent patch set)[22]

Legend: Old version Older version, still maintained Latest version

The Oracle Database Administrators Guide includes a brief

history on some of the key innovations introduced with each