MIDTERM REVALIDA
down.
CA 101- INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION
MODULE 1
Pioneers in Correctional Reform
1. William Penn (1614-1718), fought for religious freedom and
individual rights. He was the first leader to prescribe
imprisonment as correctional treatment for major
offenders. He also fought for the abolition of death penalty
and torture as a form of punishment.
2. Benjamin Rush (1745–1813) Physician, patriot, signer of the
Declaration of Independence, and social reformer, Rush
advocated the penitentiary as replacement for capital and
corporal punishment.
3. Charles Montesiquieu (Charles Louis Secondat, Baron de la
Brede et de Montesiquieu) - (1689- 1755) A French historian
and philosopher who analyzed law as an expression of
justice. He is famous for his advocacy in reforming slavery
as a means of punishment.
4. Francois Marie Arouet (Pen name: Voltaire) (1694- 1778)
He was the most versatile of all philosophers during this
period. He believed that fear of shame was a deterrent to
crime. He fought the legality-sanctioned practice of torture.
5. Cesare Bonesa, Marchese de Beccaria (1738-1794) - He
wrote the essay “An Essay on Crimes and Punishment”, the
most exiting essay on law during his time as it presented the
humanistic goals of law.
6. Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) – the greatest leader in the
reform of English Criminal law. He believed that whatever
punishment designed to negate whatever pleasure or gain
the criminal derives from crime the crime rate would go
7. John Howard (1726 – 1790) – the sheriff of Bedsfordshire in
1773 who devoted his life and fortune to prison reform. He
is the Father of prison reform. After his findings on English
Prisons, he recommended that
 single cells for sleeping,
 segregation of women,
 segregation of youth,
 provision of sanitation facilities,
 abolition of fee system
8. Sir Robert Peel (1788- 1850)- Was the leader in the English
legislature for reform of the criminal code, pushing through
programs devised by Bentham, Romilly, and others. He
established the Irish constabulary, called the “PEELERS”
after the founder.
9. Manuel Montesimos, who was the Director of the prisons
of Valencia, Spain, in 1835, divided prisoners into
companies and appointed prisoners as petty officers in
charge.
10. Capt. Alexander Maconochie, the Superintendent of a
penal colony at Norfolk Island in Australia who introduced a
progressive humane system to substitute for corporal
punishment.
11. Sir Walter Crofton, Chairman of the Directors of Irish
prisons. In 1856, Crofton introduced the “Irish system”, later
on called the progressive stage system.
12. Zebulon R. Brockway, in 1876, the New York State
Reformatory at Elmira opened with Z. R. Brockway as
superintendent. Brockway introduced in Elmira a new
institutional program for boys from 16 to 30 years of age.
13. Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise, was a Director of English prisons,
after visiting Elmira in 1897, opened the Borstal Institution
near Rochedi, in Kent. The Borstal Institutions of England
became the earliest best reform institutions for young
offenders.
14. Jean Jacques Villian- Designed the Prison of Ghent
(Belgium), he advocates to rehabilitate rather than to
punish. He is the Father of Penitentiary Science.
15. Sir William Blackstone- Author of the Penitentiary Act of
1779 based on the work of John Howard. One of the lead
authors of the Neo- Classical Theory
MODULE 2
Bureau of Prisons
 Bureau of Prisons was created under the Reorganization Act
of 1905 (Act No. 1407 dated November 1, 1905) as an
agency under the Department of Commerce and Police.
  It also paved the way for the re-establishment of San
Ramon Prison in 1907 which was destroyed during the
Spanish-American War. On January 1, 1915, the San Ramon
Prison was placed under the auspices of the Bureau of
Prisons and started receiving prisoners from Mindanao.  penalty.
Penal Colonies
1. The Iuhit Penal Settlement (now Iwahig Prison and Penal
Farm) on a vast reservation of 28,072 hectares. It would
reach a total land area of 40,000 hectares in the late 1950s.
Confines incorrigibles with little hope of rehabilitation, the
area was expanded to 41,007 hectares by virtue of
Executive Order No. 67 issued by Governor Newton Gilbert
on October 15, 1912.
2. CIW (Correctional Institute for Women)
Other penal colonies were established during the American
regime. On November 27, 1929, the Correctional Institution
for Women (CIW) was created under Act No. 3579 to
provide separate facilities for women offenders while the
Davao Penal Colony in Southern Mindanao was opened in
1932 under Act No. 3732
3. Sablayan and Leyte Regional Prison
Under Proclamation No. 72 issued on September 26, 1954,
the Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm in Occidental Mindoro
was established. In The Leyte Regional Prison followed suit
under Proclamation No. 1101 issued on January 16, 1973.
Types of Correctional Facilities:
 Prison- a place of confinement for offenders which have
been sentenced by final judgment of a crime with a penalty
more than 3 years.
 Jail- place of confinement for offenders which have been on
detention, under investigation or while the case is pending
in court or those sentenced with less than 3 years of
 Boot camps- modelled after military techniques,
participants engage in a military training and exercise.
Types of Correctional Facilities
 Penal Colony- a settlement for exiled prisoners and
separate from the general populace; used for penal labor.
 Death row- a section in prison that houses offenders
waiting for their execution.
  Youth homes/ rehabilitation center- a secure residential
facility for young people waiting for trial; social workers act
as houseparents.
PRISON MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION
General Classification of Prisoners
Approaches in Correction
1. INSTITUTIONALIZED CORRECTION
The rehabilitation of offenders in jail or prison.
2. COMMUNITY BASED CORRECTION
Refers to correctional activities that may take place
within the community.
3. THERAPEUTIC APPROACH
Are those measures undertaken through modalities
of reformation similar to a drug rehabilitation process.
Coverage of the Bureau of Corrections
1. National Bilibid Prison (Muntinlupa, Rizal)
 New Bilibid Prison (Main)
 Davao Penal Colony (Central Davao)
 San Ramon Penal Colony (Zamboanga)
 Leyte Regional Prison (Abuyog, Southern Leyte)
1. Detention Prisoners – those detained for investigation,
preliminary hearing, or awaiting trial. A detainee in a lock up
jail. They are prisoners under the jurisdiction of Courts.
2. Sentenced Prisoners – offenders who are committed to the
jail or prison in order to serve their sentence after final
conviction by a competent court. They are prisoners under the
jurisdiction of penal institutions.
3. Prisoners who are on Safekeeping – includes non-criminal
offenders who are detained in order to protect the community
against their harmful behavior. Ex. Mentally deranged
individuals, insane person.

 Camp Sampaguita

 Camp Bukang Liwayway

2. Reception and Diagnostic Center

3. Correctional Institute for Women (Mandaluyong)

4. Penal Colonies

 Sablayan Penal Colony (San Jose, Occidental

Mindoro)

 Iwahig Penal Colony and Farm (Palawan)