1.

)CHECK VALVE
FUNCTION/S:
Check valves are typically used in pneumatic-control circuits. A check valve is sometimes
referred to as a "non-return valve." These types of valves allow media flow in one direction
only. Check valves or "non-return valves" perform the same type of function that diodes perform
in electronic circuits.
APPLICATIONS:
a.) Pumps
Check valves are often used with some types of pumps. Piston-driven and diaphragm
pumps such as metering pumps and pumps for chromatography commonly use inlet and outlet
ball check valves. These valves often look like small cylinders attached to the pump head on the
inlet and outlet lines. Many similar pump-like mechanisms for moving volumes of fluids around
use check valves such as ball check valves. The feed pumps or injectors which supply water to
steam boilers are fitted with check valves to prevent back-flow.
b.) Industrial processes
Check valves are used in many fluid systems such as those in chemical and power plants, and in
many other industrial processes.

FIGURE and SYMBOL:

2.)AIR GAUGE
FUNCTION/S:
An air pressure gauge is an instrument used for measuring the pressure. It is useful for
monitoring and testing pneumatic systems. 
APPLICATION/S:
a.) air compressors
air cylinders,
air supplies and filling systems. It is useful for monitoring and testing pneumatic systems.
FIGURE and SYMBOL:
 
3.)SHUTTLE VALVE
FUNCTION/S:
A shuttle valve is a type of valve which allows fluid to flow through it from one of two sources.
Generally a shuttle valve is used in pneumatic systems, although sometimes it will be found
in hydraulic systems.
APPLICATIONS:
a.)The use of more switches on one machine: by using the shuttle valve, more than one switch
can be operated on a single machine for safety, and each switch can be placed at any suitable
location. This application is normally used with heavy industrial machinery.
b.)Winch brake circuit: a shuttle valve provides brake control in pneumatic winch applications.
When the compressor is operated the shuttle valves direct air to open the brake shoes. When
the control valve is centered, the brake cylinder is vented through the shuttle valve, and the brake
shoes are allowed to close.
c.) Air pilot control: converting from air to oil results in locking of the cylinder. Shifting the
four-way valve to either extreme position applies the air pilot through the shuttle valve, holding
the two air-operated valves open and applying oil under air pressure to the corresponding side of
the cylinder. Positioning a manual valve to neutral exhausts the air pilot pressure, closing the
two-way valves, and trapping oil on both sides of the cylinder to lock it in position.
d.) Standby and emergency systems: compressor systems requiring standby or purge gases
capability are pressure controlled by the shuttle valve. This is used for instrumentation, pressure
cables, or any system requiring continuous pneumatic input. If the compressor fails, the standby
tank—regulated to slightly under the compressor supply—will shift the shuttle valve and take
over the function. When the compressor pressure is re-established, the shuttle valve shifts back
and seals off the standby system until needed again.
FIGURE and SYMBOL:

4.) DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDER

FUNCTION/S:
Double-acting cylinders (DAC) use the force of air to move in both extend and retract strokes.
They have two ports to allow air in, one for outstroke and one for instroke. Stroke length for this
design is not limited, however, the piston rod is more vulnerable to buckling and bending.
Applications
a.) opening and closing valves and doors, taking things off conveyor belts and putting things on
conveyor belts.
b.) Robotics
c.) automobile, motorcycle, ATV and airplane landing gear
d.) power ventilators
FIGURE and SYMBOL:
5.) MANIFOLD
FUNCTION/S:manifolds provide a convenient junction point for the distribution of fluids or
gases. Simply thread pneumatic fittings into the ports of the distribution block to produce an
organized method of supplying multiple lines from a single source.
APPLICATIONS:
a.)Industrial air compressors
b.) Rotary screw air compressors
c.)Portable air compressors
d.)Reciprocating air compressors
e.)Medical and dental air compressors
f.)High pressure air compressors
g.)Electric, gas, and diesel-powered air compressors
FIGURE and SYMBOL:

6.) PNEUMATIC SWITCH

FUNCTION/S:
A switch on an assistive technology device that is activated by a sip or a puff of air.
APPLICATIONS:
a.)Switch a household well water pump automatically when water is drawn from the pressure
tank.
b.) Switching off an electrically driven gas compressor when a set pressure is achieved in
the reservoir
c.) Switching off a gas compressor, whenever there is no feed in the suction stage.
in-cell charge control in a battery
d.) Switching on/off an alarm light in the cockpit of an aircraft if cabin pressure (based on
altitude) is critically low.
e.) Air filled hoses that activate switches when vehicles drive over them. Common for counting
traffic and at gas stations.

FIGURE and SYMBOL:

7.) DUAL PRESSURE VALVE

FUNCTION/S:
A two pressure valve requires two pressurised inputs to allow an output from itself. One active
input slides the shuttle valve shut blocking any air flow, add two active inputs and the shuttle
remains centralised allowing flow through the valve.
APPLICATIONS:
a.) safety circuits
FIGURE and SYMBOL:
8.) DIRECTIONAL VALVE WITH MECHANICAL RELAY
FUNCTIONS:
Pneumatic relays and volume boosters control output air flow and pressure in response to a pneumatic input
signal. They can perform simple functions, such as boosting or scaling the output, or they can use complex
reversal, biasing, and math function operators.

APPLICATIONS:
a.) An indicator relay is typically composed of a two-position valve that is actuated by a pneumatic signal
from a remote sensor or transmitter. They are used to indicate if there is an unsafe condition present in a
particular variable or process.
b.) A logic relay is used for a variety of functions such as diverting the flow from one pipeline to another.
These pneumatic relays and volume boosters can be the building blocks for more complex pneumatic logic
circuits.
c.) A ratio relay is a pneumatic switch that can perform tasks based on a predetermined ratio, such as
addition, subtraction, biasing, and reversing.
d.) A pneumatic reducing relay is a ratio relay capable of reducing the output pressure based on a
particular input to output ratio.
e.) An air flow switch is used as a volume booster, using a low flow pneumatic signal to produce an
output pressure with a higher flow capacity.

FIGURE and SYMBOL:

9.) SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER

FUNCTION/S:
These cylinders have only one compressed air connection. The incoming compressed air moves
the piston in one direction, and the cylinder force is built up in this direction. If the piston needs
to return to its initial position, the air is simply expelled from the cylinder. 
The mechanical spring pushes the piston back to its initial position. This part has a
ventilation/exhaust hole so that no excess or low pressure is generated through the piston
movement in the second cylinder chamber. 
APPLICATIONS:
a.) ideal for vertical lifting applications
FIGURE and SYMBOL:

10.) AIR REGULATOR

FUNCTION/S:
A pressure regulator is a control valve that reduces the input pressure of a fluid to a desired value
at its output. Regulators are used for gases and liquids, and can be an integral device with an
output pressure setting, a restrictor and a sensor all in the one body, or consist of a separate
pressure sensor, controller and flow valve.
APPLICATIONS:
a.) Air compressors
b.) Aircraft
c.) Aerospace
d.) Cooking
e.) Water pressure reduction
f.) Oxy-fuel welding and cutting
g.) Propane/LP Gas
h.) Gas powered vehicles
i.) Recreational vehicles
j.) Breathable air supply
k.) Mining Industry
l.) Oil and gas industry
FIGURE and SYMBOL:

11.) AIR FILTER

FUNCTION/S:
A pneumatic filter is a device which removes contaminants from a compressed air stream. This
can be done using a number of different techniques, from using a "media" type that traps
particulates, but allows air to pass through to a venturi, to a membrane that only allows air to
pass through.
APPLICATIONS:
a.)cleanroom environments
b.) biomedical
c.) analytical instrumentation
d.)food processing
e.) marine and aviation
f.) agriculture
g.)manufacturing
h.) food and beverage packaging
FIGURE and SYMBOL:

12.) DIRECTIONAL VALVES

FUNCTION/S:
Directional valves Directional control valves perform only three functions: stop fluid flow, allow
fluid flow, and change direction of fluid flow.

APPLICATIONS:
a.)Supply, control and regulating of actuations for automated manual transmissions
(AMT),double clutch transmissions (DCT), continuous variable automatic transmissions (CVT)
or automatic transmissions (AT).
b.)Control of automated clutch actuations in hybrid drives.
c.)Control of differential locks.
FIGURE and SYMBOL:
 SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BAGUIO CITY
 ME 421AL
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL
ENGINEERING

QUIMSON, JOHN CEDREX C.

BS ME 4