Lecture 2

What is Artificial intelligence?

"Artificial intelligence (AI) is a set of algorithms that helps to mimic human intelligence.
Machine learning is one of them, and deep learning is
one of those machine learning techniques."
A few examples of AI include:
• Google search
• Image recognition
• Siri
• Alexa
• Google Assistance
• Self-driving cars
• IBM's Watson

Real-Time Applications of AI in Automation

• Amazon's Automated Grocery Store
• Self-driving Car
• Vision based Inventory Automation
• Automated Condition Based Monitoring

Lecture 2

1. Definition of Automation and Control

2. Explanation of the differences in the sense of the terms.
3. Relation between Automation and Information Technology
4. Basic objectives of a Industry
5. Automation and control technologies available for Industry
6. Concept of a Product/Service Life Cycle
7. Automation and Control technologies to the various phases of thecycle
8. Various classes of Automation Systems

Definition of Automation and Control:

Industry:
A entity or group which deals with Systematic economic activity.
In a general sense the term “Industry” is defined as entity or group which deals with
Systematic Economic Activity that could be related to Manufacture/Service/ Trade.

Automation:
Automation is the process that puts forward a
set of technologies/strategies resulting in
operation of machines and systems without
significant human intervention and achieves
performance superior to manual operation.

The word ‘Automation’ is derived from greek words “Auto” (self) and “Matos” (moving).
Automation therefore is the mechanism for systems that “move by itself”. However,
apart from this original sense of the word, automated systems also achieve significantly
superior performance than what is possible with manual systems, in terms of power,
precision and speed of operation.
Automation (automation, Automation):
1) set of all measures aiming at replacing human work through machines
(e.g. automation is applied science)
2) the technology used for this purpose
(e.g. this company has an automation department)

Automation (automatisation, Automatisierung)

1) replacement of human work through machines
(e.g. the automatisation of the textile factory caused uproar of the workers)
2) replacement of conscious activity by reflexes
(e.g. drill of the sailors allows the automatisation of ship handling)

Automation and automatisation are often confounded, in English, it is the same word
(they are related like electricity and electrification)

Another Definition from Encyclopaedia Britannica:

The application of machines to tasks once performed by human beings or, increasingly, to tasks
that would otherwise be impossible. Although the term mechanization is often used to refer to
the simple replacement of human labour by machines, automation generally implies the
integration of machines into a self governing system.
As per Wikipedia, Automation or automatic control, is the use of various control systems
for operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat
treating ovens, switching in telephone networks, steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft
and other applications with minimal or reduced human intervention.

Control:
Control is a set of technologies/strategies that
achieves desired patterns or trends of variations
of operational parameters and sequences for
machines and systems by providing the
necessary input signals.

Industrial Automation – Machines

• Product Design
• Material Procurement
• Material Storage Systems
• Material Handling Systems
• Assembly Lines
◦ Assembly Cells
◦ Machines
▪ Actuators
▪ Controllers
▪ Sensors
• Production Lines
◦ Production Cells
◦ Machines
▪ Actuators
▪ Controllers
▪ Sensors
• Monitoring and Maintenance
 • Inventory management
• Quality control
• Dispatch of finished Products
• Consumer feedback

Industrial Automation – Computing

• Computers
• Controllers
◦ Actuators
◦ Controllers
◦ Sensors
• Software

Automation categories

1. Hardware Automation
2. Software Automation

The Automation can happen anywhere but not limited to the following:

• Industry Automation (Goods / Services or mix of both)

• Software Automation
• Home Automation
• Hospitals
• Academia
• Research
• Construction
• Other Organizations and entities

Levels of Automation

There are five levels of Automation in a production plant/ Service

1. Device level,
the lowest level it includes the actuators, sensors, and other lower devices.
2. Machine level,
the hardware from device level is assembled into individual machines.
3. Cell or system level,
a group of machines or workstations connected and supported by a material handling system,
computer, and other equipment needed for a manufacturing process.
4. Plant level,
it receives instructions from the corporate information system and translate them into operation plan
for production.
5. Enterprise level,
the highest level it is concerned with all functions necessary to manage the company: marketing and
sales, accounting, design, research, aggregate planning, and master production scheduling.