Pengantar Teknologi

dan Bisnis Energi

Mata kuliah Pengantar Teknologi dan Bisnis

Energi membahas berbagai bentuk energi
pembangkit listrik dipandang dari segi
teknologi dan bisnis, yang bersumber dari:
migas, batubara, panasbumi, energi surya dan
angin, offshore renewable energy, biofuel and
waste-fuel energy serta energy nuklir.
 Oil and Gas – Black Gold!

NASA

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Moscow_traffic_congestion.JPG http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Oil_well.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oil_platform.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ceratium_hirundinella.jpg
HOW PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS WERE FORMED?
WHEN DOES ORGANIC MATTERS BECOME OIL OR GAS?

Depositional
Environment

Source of
Organic Matter

Hydrogen
Content

Sumber: MOOC IFP

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 OIL

Measurement
Units and
Conversion
Factors GAS

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 The upstream sector includes searching for potential underground or
underwater crude oil and natural gas fields, drilling exploratory wells, and
subsequently drilling and operating the wells that recover and bring the
crude oil or raw natural gas to the surface.
 • Explore to find it in the first place
• Develop the infrastructure to get it out
The Stage of a • Produce (and sell) the petroleum
Petroleum Life you’ve found
• Abandon when it runs out and clean
up (“decommission”)
 Seismic Surveys
Drill here!

Earth Science World Image Bank Image #h5inor

Earth Science World Image Bank Image #h5inpj

• Seismic surveys are used to locate likely rock structures underground in which oil and gas
might be found
• Shock waves are fired into the ground. These bounce off layers of rock and reveal any
structural domes that might contain oil
Oil Production Facility Onshore vs Offshore
Deepwater Development Systems

Deepwater Development Systems In

addition to the developing technologies for
exploration and production of oil and natural
gas, new concepts in deepwater systems
and facilities have emerged to make ultra-
deepwater projects a reality. With wells
being drilled in water depths of 10,000 feet,
the traditional fixed offshore platform is
being replaced by state-of-the-art deepwater
production facilities.
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• Once an oil or gas prospect has

been identified, a hole is drilled to
assess the potential

• The cost of drilling is very great.

On an offshore rig, it may cost
$10,000 for each metre drilled.

• A company incurs vast losses

for every “dry hole” drilled
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oil_platform.jpg
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• Although oil and gas are less

dense than water and naturally
rise up a well to the surface,
in reality only 40-50% of the
total will do so.

• To enhance recovery, a hole

is drilled adjacent to the well
and steam is pumped down. The
hot water helps to push the oil out
of the rock and up into the well.
© California Department of Conservation
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The Midstream segment of the oil and gas business concentrates on the
processing, transportation, and storage of crude oil and natural gas.
Midstream activities are considered a low-risk, highly-regulated segment of
the oil and gas industry.
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The key characteristics of the Downstream sector are the refining,

marketing &/or selling refined crude oil or natural gas. It also includes
the selling of the many consumer products that are made from crude
oil. The downstream provides thousands of products to end-user
customers around the globe.
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