Anchoring To Concrete PDF

ANCHORING TO
CONCRETE
Concrete Capacity Design Method
Richmond T. Olaya
March 06, 2020
Hilti Philippines, Inc.
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
1.0 Introduction to Post – Installed Anchor [Overview]

2.0 Qualification of Anchor Assembly – Code Landscape
3.0 Concrete Capacity Design Provisions
2.1 Nominal Tension Strengths
2.2 Nominal Shear Strengths
2.3 Interaction Equation
4.0 Conclusions and Recommendations
Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

ANCHORS ARE COMMONLY USED IN COMPOSITE
CONSTRUCTION → TWO ELEMENTS MATERIALS ARE JOINED
COLUMN AND BEAM CONNECTIONS
Gymnasium Overhead water Tanks Corbel Beam Steel Beam

• Steel column to • Steel column to concrete • Conveyor • Concrete floor extension
Concrete pedestal Pedestal

EXTENSIONS AND RETROFITTING
Perimeter Wall Rebar Extension Column and Beam Retrofitting

• Rebar Miss-outs • Planted Column • Concrete Jacketing
• Extensions • Slab Expansions • Steel Jacketing

MACHINE, EQUIPMENT AND MISCELLEANEUOS FASTENING
Manufacturing Equipment, Machineries Mechanical and Electrical utilities

• Steel column/Support to concrete pad • Pipe hangers and Support
• Conveyors • Cable Trays
• Lifts • Panel Boxes
• Gondola

SPECIALTY APPLICATIONS
Curtain wall attachments Façade and Window Fastenings

• Bracket connections • Aluminum composite panels
• Cast-in connections • PVC/Aluminum windows
• Stone / Granite Cladding

ANCHORING MECHANISM
DIFFERENT POST-INSTALLED ANCHOR WORKING PRINCIPLES
Adhesive
FRICTION KEYING BONDING BONDING + FRICTION
The tensile load, N, is transferred Adhesive bond is produced

At a certain point, the anchor Torque actuates expansion
to the base material by friction, between the anchor and the
has a bigger diameter than anchor characteristics.
R. To build up the friction, an mortar and between mortar and
the borehole itself. Expansion forces increase
expansion force is necessary. borehole walls. A micro keying bond to concrete significantly
effect keeps the element in the
borehole

COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION → FACTORS INFLUENCING
ANCHOR PERFORMANCE
▪ Base Material / Strength / Mode

▪ Anchor Spacing and Influence of Edge Distance
▪ Tightening Torque requirement
▪ Effects of Fire
▪ Corrosion / Environment
▪ Toxicity
▪ Load Direction / Mode of Loading / Load Transfer

ANCHOR FAILURES
TENSILE LOADING SHEAR LOADING
Steel Concrete Breakout Bond Failure Steel Failure Concrete Concrete Pryout
Failure Breakout



NEW ACI 318-14 ANCHORAGE TO CONCRETE DESIGN
STANDARDS
NSCP 6th Edition NSCP 7th Edition
Chapter 4 Section 417
IBC 2009 ACI 318 – 08 App. D ACI 318 – 14 Ch. 17
Acceptance Criteria Acceptance Criteria Acceptance Criteria
AC 193 ACI 355.2 ACI 355.2

(Mechanical Anchors) (Mechanical Anchors) (Mechanical Anchors)
AC 308 ACI 355.4

(Adhesive Anchors) (Adhesive Anchors)
Anchorage to concrete Design Standards

DESIGN QUALIFICATION OF POST-INSTALLED ANCHORS
NSCP Chapter 4 Sec. 417 ICC Evaluation
ACI 318-14 Chapter 17 Service Report
Calculate anchor
Select the Obtain a copy of capacity using Evaluate design
Get the Select the design resistance and
preferred anchor the relevant relevant
design load code or standard design load
as per application Evaluation or codes/standards &
to use. relationship
conditions Approval Report approvals/evaluation
reports
ETAG-001 Accredited Testing

Annex C Institutions

QUALIFICATION OF ANCHORING TO CONCRETE – CODE
LANDSCAPE
ACI 318 and IBC Anchoring to Concrete Provisions
▪ ACI 318 provisions are design requirements for anchors used to transmit structural loads:
▪ Between connected structural elements
▪ Between safety-related attachments and structural elements
▪ Reference ASCE-7 for other types of anchorages
▪ ACI 318 provisions consider cracked concrete and seismic loads
▪ ACI 318 and IBC provisions are written for cast-in-place anchors
▪ Post-installed anchors must be qualified for use with ACI 318 and IBC provisions:
▪ ACI 355.2 and ICC-ES AC193 (mechanical anchor systems)
▪ ACI 355.4 and ICC-ES AC308 (adhesive anchor systems)



GENERAL STRENGTH DESIGN PROVISIONS
Tension Failure Modes (Nn) Shear Failure Modes (Vn)
N
Concrete/Bond Pry-out
Side-Face Blowout
Concrete Breakout
Concrete Breakout
Pull out / Through or
Steel Element
Steel Element
V
Bond Strength
N
Design Strength in Tension Design Strength in Shear

(𝝓𝑵𝒏 ) Interaction (𝝓𝑽𝒏 )
𝒛 𝒛
𝑵𝒖𝒂 𝑽𝒖𝒂
Factored Tension Load (𝑵𝒖𝒂 ) + Factored Shear Load (𝑽𝒖𝒂 )
𝝓𝑵𝒏 𝝓𝑽𝒏

NOMINAL TENSILE STRENGTHS
CALCULATION

TENSION PARAMETERS FOR DETERMINING TENSION
FAILURE MODES
Determining the capacity of the anchor system through different tension failure modes
Steel Element 𝑁𝑢𝑎,𝑖 ≤ ∅𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑁𝑠𝑎
Concrete Breakout 𝑁𝑢𝑎(𝑔) ≤ ∅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑁𝑐𝑏(𝑔)

Strength
Pull out 𝑁𝑢𝑎,𝑖 ≤ ∅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑁𝑝𝑛
Bond Strength 𝑁𝑢𝑎(𝑔) ≤ ∅𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑁𝑎(𝑔)
Side Face Blowout 𝑁𝑢𝑎(𝑔) ≤ ∅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑁𝑠𝑏(𝑔)

*Images are taken from ACI 318-14 Chapter 17

NOMINAL TENSION STRENGTHS FOR ANCHORING TO
CONCRETE DESIGN
𝑁𝑠𝑎
𝑁𝑐𝑏
𝑁𝑐𝑏𝑔
𝑁𝑝𝑛
𝑁𝑎
𝑁𝑎𝑔
𝑁𝑠𝑏
𝑁𝑠𝑏𝑔

STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTORS FOR NOMINAL TENSION
STRENGTH CALCULATON
𝜙𝑠
𝜙𝑐
𝜙𝑐
𝜙𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑑
𝜙𝑐

STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTORS FOR NOMINAL TENSION
STRENGTH CALCULATON
17.3.3 – Strength Reduction factor 𝜙 for anchors in concrete
𝜙𝑠
𝜙𝑐
𝜙𝑐
𝜙𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑑
𝜙𝑐

DETERMINING NOMINAL STEEL STRENGTH IN TENSION
Cast-In-Place Anchor
Use ACI 318 equation to calculate the nominal steel
strength for CIP anchors
𝑵𝒔𝒂 = 𝑨𝒔𝒆 ∙ 𝒇𝒖𝒕𝒂

𝐴𝑠𝑒 = tension area of the steel element
𝑓𝑢𝑡𝑎 = ultimate tensile strength
Check if:
𝝓𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 ∙ 𝑵𝒔𝒂 ≥ 𝑵𝒖𝒂,𝒊
Check the anchorage capacity with respect to the steel strength of the anchor element.

DETERMINING NOMINAL STEEL STRENGTH IN TENSION
Post-Installed Anchor (Adhesive and Mechanical)

Use ICC-ES ESR to determine nominal steel strength for post- 1
3
installed anchors
4
1 Locate the ‘Steel Design’ Table in the ESR 5
2 Find the type of steel element you are using on the left hand 2
side
3 Find the appropriate diameter along the top line
4 This intersection is the nominal steel strength, Nsa
5 The strength reduction factor, f, is listed below the nominal
steel strength
Check if:
𝝓𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 ∙ 𝑵𝒔𝒂 ≥ 𝑵𝒖𝒂,𝒊
Check the anchorage capacity with respect to the steel strength of the anchor element.

DETERMINATION OF NOMINAL CONCRETE BREAKOUT
STRENGTH IN TENSION
Single Anchor
𝑨
𝑵𝒄𝒃 = 𝑵𝒄 ∙ 𝝍𝒆𝒅,𝑵 ∙ 𝝍𝒄,𝑵 ∙ 𝝍𝒄𝒑,𝑵 ∙ 𝑵𝒃
𝑨𝑵𝒄𝒐
Group of Anchors
𝑨𝑵𝒄
𝑵𝒄𝒃𝒈 = ∙ 𝝍𝒆𝒄,𝑵 ∙ 𝝍𝒆𝒅,𝑵 ∙ 𝝍𝒄,𝑵 ∙ 𝝍𝒄𝒑,𝑵 ∙ 𝑵𝒃
𝑨𝑵𝒄𝒐
Check if:
𝝓𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒆 ∙ 𝑵𝒄𝒃(𝒈) ≥ 𝑵𝒖𝒂,𝒈
Check the anchorage capacity with respect to concrete breakout

DETERMINATION OF CONCRETE BREAKOUT STRENGTH IN
TENSION
𝑨𝑵𝒄
𝑨𝑵𝒄𝒐
External load
Compression zone (no cracks) 𝜓𝑐,𝑁 = 1.00 for anchors in
cracked concrete
Tension (cracks)
𝜓𝑐,𝑁 = 1.25 for anchors in
uncracked concrete
Reinforcement bars
taking up tension

ADHESIVE ANCHOR AREA CALCULATIONS BASED ON EDGE
DISTANCE
Projected influence area of a single Projected influence area for the anchorage
adhesive anchor without edge conditions inclusive of edge and spacing
conditions
Modification factors are used to account for influences on the predicted bond strength
MODIFICATION FACTORS FOR DETERMINATION OF
NOMINAL CONCRETE BREAKOUT STRENGTH
𝑨𝑵𝒄
𝑨𝑵𝒄𝒐
Assumed area of influence for a Area of influence including adjacent anchors and edge distances
𝑨𝑵𝒄 given anchorage geometry
𝑨𝑵𝒄𝒐 Assumed area of influence

Area of influence for a single anchor without edge conditions
for a single anchor
𝝍𝒆𝒄,𝑵 Modification for eccentricity Resultant tension force is eccentric with respect to anchor group
𝝍𝒆𝒅,𝑵 Modification for edge effects One or more edge distance is less than 1.5hef
𝝍𝒄,𝑵 Modification for cracked or = 1.0 for cracked concrete

uncracked concrete conditions = 1.25 for uncracked concrete (cast-in)
𝝍𝒄𝒑,𝑵 Modification for splitting Increased edge distance for uncracked concrete (post-installed only)
𝑵𝒃
Modification
Basic concrete breakout strength
factors are used to account forconditions
Concrete breakout strength for a single anchor without edge
influences on the predicted concrete breakout strength
= 𝑘 ∙ λ ∙ 𝑓 ′ ∙ ℎ1.5
𝑐 𝑎 𝑐 𝑒𝑓

MODIFICATION FACTORS BASED ON CRITICAL EDGE
DISTANCE
Eccentricity Edge Distance Splitting
𝟏 𝒄𝒂,𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 1.0 𝑖𝑓 𝑐𝑎,𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥ 𝑐𝑎𝑐

𝝍𝒆𝒄,𝑵 = 𝝍𝒆𝒅,𝑵 = 𝟎. 𝟕 + 𝟎. 𝟑 𝝍𝒄𝒑,𝑵 = 𝑐𝑎,𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝟐𝒆′𝑵 𝟏. 𝟓𝒉𝒆𝒇 = 𝑖𝑓𝑐𝑎,𝑚𝑖𝑛 < 𝑐𝑎𝑐
𝟏+ 𝑐𝑎𝑐
𝟑𝒉𝒆𝒇
e’N = distance between resultant tension load and anchors in tension

▪ only calculated for anchor groups
ca,min = smallest edge distance < ca
cac = critical edge distance for splitting
▪ reference the anchor Evaluation Service Report
no ψg,Na modification factor
▪ required calculation in AC308

DETERMINATION OF NOMINAL CONCRETE BREAKOUT
STRENGTH
Cast-In-Place Anchors ONLY
ACI 318-14 Fig R17.4.2.9

ACI 318-14 Fig R17.4.2.9
No concrete breakout calculation when anchor reinforcement is used

▪ Reinforcement must be developed on both sides of the concrete breakout surface
▪ Reference ACI 318 Anchoring to Concrete provisions
ACI 318-11 Appendix D (D.5.2.9) or ACI 318-14 Chapter 17 (Section 17.4.2.9)

DETERMINATION OF NOMINAL PULLOUT STRENGTH
Cast-In-Place Anchor
𝑵𝒑𝒏 = 𝝍𝒄,𝒑 ∙ 𝑵𝒑
𝜓𝑐,𝑝 = 1.0 (cracked concrete)
𝜓𝑐,𝑝 = 1.4 (uncracked concrete)
𝑁𝑝 = 8𝐴𝑏𝑟𝑔 𝑓 ′ 𝑐
Check if:
𝝓𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒆 ∙ 𝑵𝒑𝒏 ≥ 𝑵𝒖𝒂,𝒊
Check the anchorage capacity with respect to pullout of the anchor element
DETERMINATION OF NOMINAL PULLOUT STRENGTH
Mechanical Anchor
𝒇′ 𝒄
𝑵𝒑,𝒇′ 𝒄 = 𝝍𝒄,𝒑 ∙ 𝑵𝒑,𝒄𝒓(𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒓) ∙
𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝜓𝑐,𝑝 = 1.0 (cracked or uncracked concrete)
𝑁𝑝,𝑐𝑟(𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑟) = can be found in the ICC − ES ESR
Check if:
𝝓𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒆 ∙ 𝑵𝒑,𝒇′𝒄 ≥ 𝑵𝒖𝒂,𝒊
Check the anchorage capacity with respect to pullout of the anchor element
DETERMINATION OF NOMINAL BOND STRENGTH IN
TENSION (PULLOUT)
Single Anchor
𝑨
𝑵𝒂 = 𝑵𝒂 ∙ 𝝍𝒆𝒅,𝑵𝒂 ∙ 𝝍𝒄𝒑,𝑵𝒂 ∙ 𝑵𝒃𝒂
𝑨𝑵𝒂𝒐
Group of Anchors
𝑨𝑵𝒂
𝑵𝒂𝒈 = ∙ 𝝍𝒆𝒄,𝑵𝒂 ∙ 𝝍𝒆𝒅,𝑵𝒂 ∙ 𝝍𝒄𝒑,𝑵 ∙ 𝑵𝒃𝒂
𝑨𝑵𝒂𝒐
Check if:
𝝓𝒃𝒐𝒏𝒅 ∙ 𝑵𝒂(𝒈) ≥ 𝑵𝒖𝒂(𝒈)
Check the anchorage capacity with respect to the bond strength of the adhesive system
ADHESIVE ANCHOR AREA CALCULATIONS BASED ON EDGE
DISTANCE
Projected Edge Distance
𝝉𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒓
𝒄𝑵𝒂 = 𝟏𝟎𝒅𝒂 (17.4.5.1d)
𝟕. 𝟔
Source: Eligehausen et al. 2006
Projected influence area of a single adhesive Projected influence area for the anchorage
anchor without edge conditions inclusive of edge and spacing conditions
MODIFICATION FACTORS FOR DETERMINATION OF
NOMINAL BOND STRENGTH
𝑨𝑵𝒂
𝑵𝒂𝒈 = ∙ 𝝍𝒆𝒄,𝑵𝒂 ∙ 𝝍𝒆𝒅,𝑵𝒂 ∙ 𝝍𝒄𝒑,𝑵 ∙ 𝑵𝒃𝒂
𝑨𝑵𝒂𝒐
𝑨𝑵𝒂 Assumed area of influence for a given

Area of influence including adjacent anchors and edge distances
anchorage geometry
𝑨𝑵𝒂𝒐 Assumed area of influence for a single

Area of influence for a single anchor without edge conditions
anchor
𝝍𝒆𝒄,𝑵𝒂 Modification for eccentricity Resultant tension force is eccentric with respect to anchor group
𝝍𝒆𝒅,𝑵𝒂 Modification for edge effects One or more edge distance is less than cNa
𝝍𝒄𝒑,𝑵𝒂 Modification for splitting

Increased edge distance for uncracked concrete (post-installed
only)
𝑵𝒃𝒂 Basic bond strength Bond strength for a single anchor without edge conditions

DISTANCE
Eccentricity Edge Distance Splitting
𝟏 𝒄𝒂,𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒂,𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝑵𝒂

𝝍𝒆𝒄,𝑵𝒂 = 𝝍𝒆𝒅,𝑵𝒂 = 𝟎. 𝟕 + 𝟎. 𝟑 𝝍𝒄𝒑,𝑵𝒂 = 𝒎𝒂𝒙 :
𝒆′ 𝒄𝑵𝒂 𝒄𝒂𝒄 𝒄𝒂𝒄
𝟏+ 𝑵
𝒄𝑵𝒂
e’N = distance between resultant tension load and anchors in tension

▪ only calculated for anchor groups
ca,min = smallest edge distance < can
cac = critical edge distance for splitting
▪ reference the anchor Evaluation Service Report
no ψg,Na modification factor
▪ required calculation in AC308

NOMINAL SHEAR STRENGTHS
CALCULATION

SHEAR PARAMETERS FOR DETERMINING SHEAR FAILURE
MODES
Determining the capacity of the anchor system through different shear failure modes
Steel Element
𝑉𝑢𝑎,𝑖 ≤ ∅𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑉𝑠𝑎
Concrete Breakout 𝑉𝑢𝑎(𝑔) ≤ ∅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑉𝑐𝑏(𝑔)

Strength
Concrete Pryout 𝑉𝑢𝑎,(𝑔) ≤ ∅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑉𝑐𝑝(𝑔)
*Images are taken from ACI 318-14 Chapter 17

NOMINAL SHEAR STRENGTHS FOR ANCHORING TO
CONCRETE DESIGN
𝑉𝑠𝑎
𝑉𝑐𝑏
𝑉𝑐𝑏𝑔
𝑉𝑐𝑝
𝑉𝑐𝑝𝑔

STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTORS FOR NOMINAL SHEAR
STRENGTH CALCULATON
𝜙𝑠
𝜙𝑐
𝜙𝑐

DETERMINATION OF NOMINAL STEEL STRENGTH IN SHEAR
Cast-in headed studs

𝑽𝒔𝒂 = 𝑨𝒔𝒆,𝒗 ∙ 𝒇𝒖𝒕𝒂
Cast-in headed studs / Hooked bolts

𝑽𝒔𝒂 = 𝟎. 𝟔 ∙ 𝑨𝒔𝒆,𝒗 ∙ 𝒇𝒖𝒕𝒂
Check if:
𝝓𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 ∙ 𝑽𝒔𝒂 ≥ 𝑽𝒖𝒂,𝒊
Check the anchorage capacity with respect to the steel strength of the anchor element

DETERMINATION OF NOMINAL STEEL STRENGTH IN SHEAR
Post-Installed Anchor (adhesive and mechanical)
Use ICC-ES ESR to determine nominal steel strength for post-installed
anchors
1
3
1 Locate the ‘Steel Design’ Table in the ESR
4
2 Find the type of steel element you are using on the left hand side 5
6
3 Find the appropriate diameter along the top line
2
4 This intersection is the nominal steel strength, Vsa
5 The reduction factor aV,seis is specific to adhesive anchor elements
when the design is for seismic conditions
6 The strength reduction factor, f, is listed below the nominal steel
strength
Check if:
𝝓𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 ∙ 𝑽𝒔𝒂 ≥ 𝑽𝒖𝒂,𝒊
Check the anchorage capacity with respect to the steel strength of the anchor element

SHEAR
Single Anchor
𝑨𝑽𝒄
𝑽𝒄𝒃 = ∙ 𝝍𝒆𝒅,𝑽 ∙ 𝝍𝒄,𝑽 ∙ 𝝍𝒉,𝑽 ∙ 𝑽𝒃
𝑨𝑽𝒄𝒐
Group of Anchors
𝑨𝑽𝒄
𝑽𝒄𝒃𝒈 = ∙ 𝝍𝒆𝒄,𝑽 ∙ 𝝍𝒆𝒅,𝑽 ∙ 𝝍𝒄,𝑽 ∙ 𝝍𝒉,𝑽 ∙ 𝑽𝒃
𝑨𝑽𝒄𝒐
▪ Vb is dependent on the anchor type

▪ Always calculated for cracked concrete conditions
Check if:
𝝓𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒆 ∙ 𝑽𝒄𝒃(𝒈) ≥ 𝑽𝒖𝒂(𝒈)

SHEAR
𝑨𝑽𝒄
𝑽𝒄𝒃𝒈 = ∙ 𝝍𝒆𝒄,𝑽 ∙ 𝝍𝒆𝒅,𝑽 ∙ 𝝍𝒄,𝑽 ∙ 𝝍𝒉,𝑽 ∙ 𝑽𝒃
𝑨𝑽𝒄𝒐
Assumed area of influence for a given anchorage Area of influence including adjacent anchors and
𝑨𝑽𝒄 geometry edge distances
𝑨𝑽𝒄𝒐 Area of influence for a single anchor without edge

Assumed area of influence for a single anchor
conditions
𝝍𝒆𝒄,𝑽 Resultant shear force is eccentric with respect to

Modification for eccentricity
anchor group
𝝍𝒆𝒅,𝑽 Modification for edge effects One or more edge distance is less than 1.5ca1
𝝍𝒄,𝑽 Modification for cracked or uncracked concrete Increase if supplementary reinforcement or

conditions uncracked concrete assumed
𝝍𝒉,𝑽 Increase permitted for large edge distance and thin

Modification for slab thickness
slab
Concrete breakout strength for a single anchor
𝑽𝒃 Basic concrete breakout strength without edge conditions

DISTANCE AND BASE MATERIAL THICKNESS
Eccentricity Edge Distance Concrete Condition
𝟏 1.0 𝑖𝑓𝑐𝑎2 ≥ 1.5𝑐𝑎1 1.0

𝝍𝒆𝒄,𝑽 = 𝝍𝒄,𝑽 = ቐ1.2
2𝑒𝑉′ 𝝍𝒆𝒅,𝑽 =ቐ 𝑐𝑎2
𝟏+ 0.7 + 0.3 𝑖𝑓 𝑐𝑎2 < 1.5𝑐𝑎1 1.4
3𝑐𝑎1 1.5𝑐𝑎
Base Material Thickness
1.5𝑐𝑎1
𝝍𝒉,𝑽 = ≥ 1.0,
ℎ𝑎
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 ℎ𝑎 < 1.5𝑐𝑎1

SHEAR
Basic Concrete Breakout Strength
𝟎.𝟐
𝒍𝒆 𝟏.𝟓
𝑽𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟔 𝒅𝒂 𝝀 𝒇′𝒄 𝒄𝒂𝟏
𝒅𝒂
𝑽𝒃 = 𝟑. 𝟕 𝒇′𝒄 𝒄𝒂𝟏 𝟏.𝟓
Use the smaller Vb value from this check to calculate Vcb or Vcbg
▪ le = load bearing length of anchor for shear

MINIMUM {hef : 8da} for anchors with constant stiffness
2da for anchors that do not have a constant stiffness (e.g. HSL-3 anchors)

DETERMINATION OF CONCRETE PRY-OUT STRENGTH IN
SHEAR
Cast-in Place and Mechanical Anchors
Single Anchor
𝑽𝒄𝒑 = 𝒌𝒄𝒑 ∙ 𝑵𝒄𝒃
𝑨𝑵𝒄
𝑵𝒄𝒃 = ∙ 𝝍𝒆𝒅,𝑵 ∙ 𝝍𝒄,𝑵 ∙ 𝝍𝒄𝒑,𝑵 ∙ 𝑵𝒃
𝑨𝑵𝒄𝒐
Group of Anchors
𝑽𝒄𝒑(𝒈) = 𝒌𝒄𝒑 ∙ 𝑵𝒄𝒃(𝒈)
𝑨𝑵𝒄
kcp = pryout coefficient 𝑵𝒄𝒃(𝒈) = ∙ 𝝍𝒆𝒅,𝑵 ∙ 𝝍𝒄,𝑵 ∙ 𝝍𝒄𝒑,𝑵 ∙ 𝑵𝒃(𝒈)
𝑨𝑵𝒄𝒐
kcp = 1.0 if hef < 2.5”
kcp = 2.0 if hef ≥ 2.5” Check if:
𝝓𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒆 ∙ 𝑽𝒄𝒑(𝒈) ≥ 𝑽𝒖𝒂(𝒈)

DETERMINATION OF CONCRETE PRY-OUT STRENGTH IN
SHEAR
Adhesive Anchors
Single Anchor Group of Anchors
𝑽𝒄𝒑 = 𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒌𝒄𝒑 𝑵𝒂 ; 𝒌𝒄𝒑 𝑵𝒄𝒃 𝑽𝒄𝒑𝒈 = 𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒌𝒄𝒑 𝑵𝒂𝒈 ; 𝒌𝒄𝒑 𝑵𝒄𝒃𝒈
𝑨𝑵𝒂
𝑵𝒂 = ∙ 𝝍𝒆𝒅,𝑵𝒂 ∙ 𝝍𝒄𝒑,𝑵𝒂 ∙ 𝑵𝒃𝒂
𝑨𝑵𝒂𝒐
𝑨𝑵𝒄
𝑵𝒄𝒃 = ∙ 𝝍𝒆𝒅,𝑵 ∙ 𝝍𝒄,𝑵 ∙ 𝝍𝒄𝒑,𝑵 ∙ 𝑵𝒃
𝑨𝑵𝒄𝒐
Check if:
𝝓𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒆 ∙ 𝑽𝒄𝒑(𝒈) ≥ 𝑽𝒖𝒂(𝒈)

INTERACTION EQUATION
CALCULATION

DETERMINATION OF INTERACTION EQUATION
Tension Failure Modes (Nn) Shear Failure Modes (Vn)
Parabolic Equation
𝟓 𝟓
𝑵𝒖𝒂 𝟑 𝑽𝒖𝒂 𝟑
Concrete/Bond Pry-out
Side-Face Blowout
Concrete Breakout
Concrete Breakout
Pull out / Through or
Steel Element
Steel Element
+ ≤ 𝟏. 𝟎
Bond Strength Trilinear Equation

+ ≤ 1.2
Design Strength in Tension Design Strength in Shear

Interaction
(𝝓𝑵𝒏 ) 𝒛 𝒛 (𝝓𝑽𝒏 )
+
Factored Tension Load (𝑵𝒖𝒂 ) 𝝓𝑵𝒏 𝝓𝑽𝒏 Factored Shear Load (𝑽𝒖𝒂 )

INTERACTION OF TENSILE AND SHEAR FORCES
𝑁𝑛
Parabolic equation
𝝓𝑵𝒏 𝟓 𝟓
𝑵𝒖𝒂 𝟑 𝑽𝒖𝒂 𝟑
+ ≤ 𝟏. 𝟎
Trilinear equation
+ ≤ 1.2
0.2𝜙𝑁𝑛
𝑉𝑛
0.2𝜙𝑉𝑛 𝝓𝑽𝒏



CCD DESIGN PROCESS

CCD METHOD DESIGN PROCEDURE
Design Assembly Performance

Requirements Qualification Qualification
▪ Determine tension and shear ▪ Check: smin (spacing), cmin (edge), hmin ▪ Determination and comparison of
loads for application (embedment) nominal tension and shear resistance
▪ Select anchor type and size ▪ Determine strength reduction factors ▪ Combined load interaction
N V
✓𝜙 Steel Strength 𝜙𝑉𝑛 ≥ 𝑉𝑢𝑎
V
✓𝜙 Concrete Strength 𝜙𝑁𝑛 ≥ 𝑁𝑢𝑎
Breakout
Pryout
Pullout 5 5
𝑁𝑢𝑎 3 𝑉𝑢𝑎 3
✓𝜙 Bond Strength + ≤ 1.0
𝜙𝑁𝑛 𝜙𝑉𝑛

PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE DESIGN RESISTANCE FOR
DIFFERENT POSSIBLE FAILURE MODES
Resistance to possible failure modes
Tension Shear 0 changing the parameter has no
Resistance to
effect on the resistance
Concrete
Concrete
Splitting
Pull-out
Pry-out
Steel b)
Steel
cone
edge
+ by increasing the parameter the
resistance also increases
0/+ depending on the anchor type

parameter
+ Main parameter
a)
hef: Effective anchorage depth 0 + 0/+ + 0 + +
a) for bonded anchors: +
s1: Spacing perpendicular to the a)
0 + 0 + 0 0 +
edge b) with and without lever arm
s2: Spacing parallel to
0 + 0 a) + 0 + +
the edge c) in case of tension forces due to
a) bending, modifying the length
n: Edge distance 0 + 0 + 0 + +
and/or width of the fixture affects
n: Number of anchors + + + + + +d) +
the lever arm and therefore the
d: Element size/diameter + 0 0/+ a) 0/+/- + + 0 tension load acting on the
Anchor material (strength class anchors (the resistance is not
+ 0 0 0 + 0 0
of steel) affected)
(l, w) Length and width of the
+ c) + c) + c) + c) 0 0 0 d) only anchors closest to the edge
fixture
h: Thickness of base material 0 0 0 + 0 + 0
are considered according ETAG
Annex C and EOTA Technical
fcc: Concrete compressive
0 + 0/+ + 0 + + Report TR 029
strength

PROFIS
ENGINEERING
PROFIS ANCHOR DESIGN REPORT FEATURE SUMMARIZES
YOUR CALCULATION IN PDF FORM
Design Requirement Assembly & Performance Connection Detail & Specs
Qualification
▪ Connection assembly ▪ Installation and concrete condition ▪ Anchor layout to follow in the design plans
(properties and factors applied in the solution based and details [plan view]
installation) on approval used ▪ Calculation remarks specific to design
▪ Design load requirement ▪ Concrete capacity design parameters used and installation guidelines.
▪ Design code and calculation
approval

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
❑ The Concrete Capacity Design Method is used for the calculation of anchoring to
concrete for both cast-in place and post-installed anchors.
❑ The local code, NSCP 2015, follows the American standard, ACI 318. Anchoring to
Concrete is found at ACI 318-14 Chapter 17. It follows that for all post-installed
anchor connections, products shall be qualified under ICC. Relevant product
approval, ICC-ESR product approval shall be obtained before an anchor is used for
any application.
❑ Hilti, as a global expert in fastening technology, guides and supports designers in

ensuring codes and standards are met for all fastening applications.
❑ Hilti developed PROFIS software to help professionals in designing anchoring to

concrete (post-installed anchors) which is easy to use, compliant with the governing
codes, and is able to generate comprehensive report for easy submittal and
approval.
ASK HILTI IS AN ONLINE COMMUNITY THAT OFFERS EXPERT
ADVICE AND CONTINUING EDUCATION
Expert Advice Expert Learn
question and answer forum on demand video, live webinar and articles
THANK YOU
Hilti (Philippines) Inc.

9/F Cyberscape Beta, Bet. Topaz and Ruby road
Ortigas Center, Pasig City, Philippines
Tel: +632- 784 7100

Richmond.Olaya@hilti.com
www.hilti.com.ph

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ANCHORING TO

1.0 Introduction to Post – Installed Anchor [Overview]

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

Gymnasium Overhead water Tanks Corbel Beam Steel Beam

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

Perimeter Wall Rebar Extension Column and Beam Retrofitting

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Manufacturing Equipment, Machineries Mechanical and Electrical utilities

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

Curtain wall attachments Façade and Window Fastenings

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

DIFFERENT POST-INSTALLED ANCHOR WORKING PRINCIPLES

The tensile load, N, is transferred Adhesive bond is produced

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

▪ Base Material / Strength / Mode

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

1.0 Introduction to Post – Installed Anchor [Overview]

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

IBC 2009 ACI 318 – 08 App. D ACI 318 – 14 Ch. 17

Acceptance Criteria Acceptance Criteria Acceptance Criteria

AC 193 ACI 355.2 ACI 355.2

AC 308 ACI 355.4

Anchorage to concrete Design Standards

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

ETAG-001 Accredited Testing

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

▪ ACI 318 provisions consider cracked concrete and seismic loads

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

1.0 Introduction to Post – Installed Anchor [Overview]

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

Design Strength in Tension Design Strength in Shear

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

Steel Element 𝑁𝑢𝑎,𝑖 ≤ ∅𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑁𝑠𝑎

Concrete Breakout 𝑁𝑢𝑎(𝑔) ≤ ∅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑁𝑐𝑏(𝑔)

Pull out 𝑁𝑢𝑎,𝑖 ≤ ∅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑁𝑝𝑛

Bond Strength 𝑁𝑢𝑎(𝑔) ≤ ∅𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑁𝑎(𝑔)

Side Face Blowout 𝑁𝑢𝑎(𝑔) ≤ ∅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑁𝑠𝑏(𝑔)

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

𝑵𝒔𝒂 = 𝑨𝒔𝒆 ∙ 𝒇𝒖𝒕𝒂

𝝓𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 ∙ 𝑵𝒔𝒂 ≥ 𝑵𝒖𝒂,𝒊

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

Post-Installed Anchor (Adhesive and Mechanical)

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

𝝓𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒆 ∙ 𝑵𝒄𝒃(𝒈) ≥ 𝑵𝒖𝒂,𝒈

Check the anchorage capacity with respect to concrete breakout

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

𝑨𝑵𝒄𝒐 Assumed area of influence

𝝍𝒄,𝑵 Modification for cracked or = 1.0 for cracked concrete

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

𝟏 𝒄𝒂,𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 1.0 𝑖𝑓 𝑐𝑎,𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥ 𝑐𝑎𝑐

e’N = distance between resultant tension load and anchors in tension

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

ACI 318-14 Fig R17.4.2.9

No concrete breakout calculation when anchor reinforcement is used

Anchoring to Concrete - CCD Method | Jan 2020

𝝓𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒆 ∙ 𝑵𝒑𝒏 ≥ 𝑵𝒖𝒂,𝒊

𝝓𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒆 ∙ 𝑵𝒑,𝒇′𝒄 ≥ 𝑵𝒖𝒂,𝒊