Key points on fungal rust

(Prepared by: Dr. Manjunatha, N., Scientist, ICAR-IGFRI)

 Rust belongs to order uredinales
 Puccinia is largest rust genus followed by Uromyces
 Different types of rust cycles: macro cyclic , microcyclic and demicyclic
 Macrocyclic rust contains all type of spores of rust: Puccinia graminis, cereal rusts
 Demicyclic lacks the uredial stage: Gymnosporangium sp.
 Micro cyclic rust lacks both aecial and uredial stage : Puccinia malvanacearum and some
oilseed rusts
 No aecial stage in coffee rust
 Brown rust of wheat also called as orange or leaf rust
 Yellow rust of wheat also called as stripe rust
 Black stem appears in India during March-April
 Yellow rust appears in January-February
 First appearing rust in India brown/orange or leaf rust that is in last week of November
 For yellow rust alternate host not known
 Berberris and Thalictrum spp. are the alternate hosts for black and brown rust
respectively
 Stripe rust of wheat only restricted to cooler regions of India
 Aeciospores are non-repeating dikaryotic spores (n+n) of rust
 Uredospores are repeating dikaryotic spores (n+n) of wheat rust

 Uredospores spores can cause autoinfection

 Immature teliospores are dikaryotic (n+n) in nature

 Matured teliospores are diploid (2n) and resting spores

Different stages of wheat stem rust with ploidy condition

  Heteroecious rust fungi require two unrelated hosts to complete their life cycle, with the

primary host being infected by aeciospores and the alternate host being infected with

basidiospores Autoecious fungus which can complete its life cycle on a single host species

 In the family Sphaeropsidaceae of Sphaeropsidales fungi, species of the genus Darluca

are hyperparasites on rusts
 Stripe rust common at 8 to 15 0C
 Leaf rust common at 15 to 22 0 C
 Stem rust common at 15 to 30 0 C
 Stripe rust can only survive from one season to the next on living plants (mostly wheat,
and to a lesser extent barley, triticale, barley grass, brome grass and phalaris). This is
called the "green bridge".
 Ug99 is race of stem rust of wheat and this race also called as TTKSK
 Ug99 race was identified from Uganda in 1999 that why it was named as Ug99
 Sr35 gene from Triticum monococcum is found resistance against Ug99 race
 Rusts either autoecious or heteroecious but smuts are only autoecious
 BGRI (Borlaug Global Rust initiative) USA based institute which works specifically on
wheat rust diseases.
 The Rust SPORE is a web portal for global rust monitoring in the world and it is a
part of BGRI
 The Rust SPORE was developed by FAO, CIMMYT and Aarhus University, Denmark
 The Rust SPORE presently monitors Ug99 race in the world
Common rusts in agriculture crops

 Cronartium ribicola (White pine blister rust)- Heterocyclic and macrocyclic

 Gymnosporangium juniperivirginianae (Cedarapple rust)- Heteroecious and demicyclic
 Hemileia vastatrix (Coffee rust)- Heteroecious
 Phakopsora meibomiae and P. pachyrhizi (Soybean rust)-Unknown alternate host.
Heteroecious
 Puccinia coronata (Crown Rust of Oats and Ryegrass)- Heteroecious and macrocyclic
 Puccinia graminis (Stem rust of wheat and Kentucky bluegrass, or black rust of cereals)-
Heteroecious and macrocyclic
  Puccinia hemerocallidis (Daylily rust)- Heteroecious and macrocyclic
 Puccinia persistens subsp. triticina causes wheat rust in grains
 Puccinia sorghi causes common rust in corn
 Puccinia striiformis causes 'Yellow rust' in cereals.
 Uromyces appendiculatus causes a rust of beans.
 Uromyces phaseoli (Bean rust)- Autoecious and macrocyclic
 Puccinia melanocephala causes 'Brown rust' in sugarcane.
 Puccinia kuehnii causes 'Orange rust' in sugarcane.

Classification of rust families based on morphology of the telium and teliospores.

1. Melampsoraceae have sessile (nonstalked) teliospores that are formed in columns in the telium
2. Pucciniaceae have stalked teliospores that are produced in a single layer in the telium
3. Coleosporiaceae do not form a promycelium but karyogamy and meiosis occurs directly within
the teliospores
Different forms rust based on absence or presence of stages
(0-Pycnia or pycnial stage; I-Aecia or aecial stage; II- Uredinia or uredinial stage; III- Telia or
telial stage; IV- Basidia or basidial stage)
1. Eu-type -0, I, II, III present Ex: Puccinia graminis tritici*
2. Brachy-type -0, II, III present; I absent
3. Opsis-type -0, I, III present; II absent.
4. Hemi-type -II, III present; O, I absent.
5. Micro-type -only III present
6. Lepto-type -only III present

*IT IS BETTER TO RUST OUT THAN WEAR OUT*