5G Antenna Technology for User Devices

Dr. Jayprakash Thakur, PhD

Bangalore, India
Presentation Outlines
• Cellular Communication Technology Evolution
• Mobile Phone evolution
• Mobile Antenna Technology evolution
• Antennas in 5G Mobile Devices
• 5G Introduction
- What is 5G
- 5G Vision
- 5G application Scenarios
- 5G Usage Socio-economic prospective
- Key Wireless Innovation areas
• 5G Antenna Technology
- 5G Frequency coverage
- Antenna Requirements
- Antenna design and placement constraints
- MIMO
- Massive MIMO

2 Intel Confidential – Internal Only

Cellular Comm. Technology
Evolution
5G

LTE-A 5G 2020
4G (LTE) 1Gb/s (?)
3.5G 300 Mb/s
HSPA 42
3G (UMTS)Mb/s
2003
2.5G Multi-media
GPRS 2 Mb/s
100 Kb/s
2G (GSM)
1990
9.6 Kb/s

1G Voice

1980’s 1990’s 2000’s 2010’s 2020’s

3 Intel Confidential – Internal Only
Mobile Phone Evolution

4 Intel Confidential – Internal Only

Mobile Antenna Evolution

Metal chassis antenna

Mobile Chassis is used as antenna

5 Intel Confidential – Internal Only

 5G Introduction

6 Intel Confidential – Internal Only

What is 5G?
• 5G is a term used to describe the next generation of mobile network beyond 4G LTE mobile
network
- No Standard yet so the definition is still not solid.
- Commercially available after 2020 timeframe.
- Many trial at present.

FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler compared 5G to a Picasso painting. “I see something different than
you see,” he said. “I think that’s where 5G is right now. It’s all in the eye of the beholder.”
5G technology Vision
➨Data rates 10 Gb/s.

➨Low Latency , less than 1 ms can be achieved in 5G

using mm wave.
Hence traffic load is decreased on 5G base stations.

➨Higher bandwidth can be used with the help of

carrier aggregation feature. (UP to 8CA )

➨Dynamic beamforming is employed to overcome

path-loss at higher frequencies.

➨improved 5G network architecture handoff will be

smoother and hence it does not have any effect on data
transfer when mobile user changes cells.

5G offers 10x throughput, 10x decrease in latency, 10x connection density, 3x spectrum efficiency, 100x
traffic capacity and 100x network efficiency.
5G Application Scenarios
1. eMBB: multi-gigabit per second
(Gbps) data rates for applications like
virtual reality and the ability to
(eMBB) support extensive data traffic growth.
2. URLLC: Including very low latency
(sub-1ms) and very high availability,
reliability and security to support
services such as autonomous vehicles
and mobile healthcare.
3. mMTC: Including the ability to
support a massive number of low cost
IoT connections with very long
battery life and wide coverage
including inside buildings.

(mMTC) (URLLC)
5G Usages Socio-economics Prospective
Key Wireless Innovation areas for 5G Technology
5G Antenna Technology
5G Frequency spectrum

•Low bands below 1 GHz: longer range for e.g. mobile broadband and massive IoT e.g. 600 MHz, 700 MHz,
850/900 MHz
•Mid bands 1 GHz to 6 GHz: wider bandwidths for e.g. eMBB and mission-critical e.g. 3.4-3.8 GHz, 3.8-4.2 GHz,
4.4-4.9 GHz & LAA
•High bands above 24 GHz (mmWave): extreme bandwidths e.g. 24.25-27.5 GHz, 27.5-29.5, 37-40, 64-71 GHz
 5G Frequency Coverage & Antenna
Coverage Layer: 600 MHz, 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1.5 GHz, 2.1 GHz, 2.3 GHz
and 2.6 GHz & LAA

Capacity Layer:
Europe 3400 – 3800 MHz (awarding trial licenses)
China 3300 – 3600 MHz (ongoing trial), 4400 – 4500 MHz, 4800 – 4990
MHz
Japan 3600 – 4200 MHz and 4400-4900 MHz
Korea 3400 – 3700 MHz
USA 3100 – 3550 MHz (and 3700 – 4200 MHz)

High Throughput Layer:

USA: 27.5 – 28.35 GHz and 37 – 40 GHz
Korea: 26.5 – 29.5 GHz
Japan: 27.5 – 28.28 GHz
China: 24.25 – 27.5 GHz and 37 – 43.5 GHz studies
Sweden: 26.5 – 27.5 GHz
EU: 24.25 – 27.5 GHz for commercial deployments from 2020

Separate mm-wave RFM Antenna Module

 Antenna Requirement in a 5G System
Radio Approx. Frequency
Antenna placement Example
Band LTE1 mm-wave RFM

Main antenna: GSM/WCDMA/LTE 617 MHz-6 GHz

Main, NR
Aux Antenna 617 MHz-6 GHz

LTE3

LTE4
5G LTE MIMO3/MIMO4 1.8-6 GHz

5G mm-wave radio 24-40 GHz

mm-wave RFM
BT 2400-2485 MHz

WiFi1
NFC 13.56 MHz

GNSS 1575, 1610 MHz WIFI2 LTE2

RFID 900 MHz

 Antenna Design & Placement Constraints
(Mobile /Tablet/Laptop system prospective)

• Antenna Size : Antennas to cover 600 MHz-6GHz-, Size of the antenna proportional to Wavelength
• Isolation Between Antennas : At least 15 dB isolation required between the antennas
• Interference with Other circuitries: Antenna can not be placed very closed to high speed signals
• Mechanical System & ID (Industrial design ) requirements: Slim and Narrow bezel System
• Govt. Regulatory Compliances: FCC SAR limitation : Measure co-location SAR if two transmit antennas are
placed within 50mm.
• Network carrier requirement : Antenna should meet Carriers OTA requirements, TRP/TIS limits
MIMO Technology
What is MIMO Technology?
MIMO wireless System is a Combination of Multiple Transmit Antennas at transmitter in which Multiple
inputs are provided to the wireless channels & Multiple Receive antennas at the receiver in which
Multiple elements/sample are received as the output of the wireless communication channel.

Radio Channel

X1 Y1

X2 Y2
Tx Rx
- -

Xn Ym
 MxN-MIMO Wireless System
X1
Y1
n symbols can be transmitted
X2 on N-transmit antennas at a
Tx time Y2
Tx Rx
- m-symbols can be received Rx
across the m-Receive antennas -
at a time
Xn
Ym

N-transmit antennas M-receive antennas

X1 Y1
X2 N-dimension transmit vector Y2 M-dimension Receive vector
. .
. .
Xn Ym
Cont..
TX Antennas Rx Antennas
X1 Y1
X2 MIMO Ch. Y2
. .
. .
Xn Ym

YMx1 = H XNx1 + WMx1 Where H will be MxN Matrix & W is noise matrix at receiving antenna

h11 h12 … h1n Hij = Channel coefficient between the ith receive and
h21 h22 … h2n jth transmit antenna
. . … .
. . . .
hm1 hm2 … hmn

Coefficient between MxN Channel means M receive and N Transmit Coefficient MIMO Channel is transforms to N-
dimensional input vector to M-dimensional out Vector so this is nothing but Matrix vector dimension
Multiple antenna configurations

SISO SIMO
Tx Antenna Radio Channel
Rx Antenna Tx Antenna Rx Antenna

MISO MIMO
Tx Antenna Radio Channel
Rx Antenna
MIMO Implementation

MIMO implemented using diversity techniques

– provides diversity gain
– improving the reliability

MIMO implemented using spatial-multiplexing techniques

– provides multiplexing gain
– improving the data rate of the system
MIMO- Diversity Technique
same information is sent across independent channels to combat fading

The SISO antenna configuration will not provide any diversity as there is no parallel link.
Thus the diversity is indicated as (0).

www.gaussianwaves.com
Cont..
SIMO case
- The same data are put on two different
channels having independent fading
characteristics.
- If one of the link fails to deliver the
data, the chances of proper delivery of
the data across the other link is very
high.
- Thus, additional fading channels
increase the reliability of the overall
transmission
- Diversity gain will be 2

www.gaussianwaves.com
Cont..
MIMO Diversity

More diversity paths can be

created by adding multiple
antennas at transmitter or
receiver or both.

www.gaussianwaves.com
MIMO- spatial-multiplexing techniques

Each spatial channel carries independent information, there by increasing the data rate of
the system.

Diversity gain is, 3 Diversity gain is, 0 and the

(assuming 3×1 MISO configuration) multiplexing gain is ,3
and Multiplexing gain is, 0 (assuming 3×3 MIMO configuration).
Massive MIMO Technology
 5G Technology: Massive MIMO

• A very large antenna array at each base station

• A large number of user are served simultaneously
Complicate the task of beam forming
FD-MIMO

What is FD-MIMO?

FD stands for Full Dimension. Therefore, FD-

MIMO stands for Full Dimension MIMO. Then,
what does it mean by Full Dimension here ? It
means the antenna system that can form a
beam (beams) in both horizontal and vertical
direction so that it can cover (focus on)
anywhere in 3D spaces.
 MU-MIMO
What is MU-MIMO ?
MU-MIMO stands for Multi User MIMO. It improves wireless throughput by enabling
simultaneous transmission to more than TWO users.
Questions?