ABSTRACT

The rapidly advancing mobile communication technology and the decrease

incosts make it possible to incorporate mobile technology into home .The project
report on “GSM BASED DEVICE CONTROL IN AGRICULTURE
SYSTEM” gives an elaborate view and understanding of the project design and
functioning.

The report is divided into parts for explaining the step by step development of the
project. The first part introduces the idea behind the project and the underlying
information of the technologies used. Next chapter is dedicated for information on
the equipments used and how they were accommodated in the project circuitry.
The working of the project with the programming code are explained after that.
Lastly, the merits, de-merits and future prospects of the project are given.
5
 CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………….............................................4

ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………5

LIST OF FIGURE………………………………………………………………...8

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………..9

1.1 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………...9

1 .2 MOTIVATION………………………………………………………...10

1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT……………………………………………..10

Chapter 2 EQUIPMENT & PCB DESGINING………………………………11

2.1 EQUIPMENTS……………………………………………………………….11
2.1.1 GSM modem……………………………………………………...11

2.1.2 ATMEGA ………………………………………………………… 13

2.1.3 LIQIUD CRYSTAL DISPLAY(LCD)……………………………18

2.1.4 RELAYS…………………………………………………………..19

2.1.5 ULN 2803…………………………………………………………21

2.2 PCB (PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD) DESIGNING………………...23

2.2.1 LAYOUT OF THE PROJECT PCB………………………………24

2.2.2 PCB-DESIGNING………………………………………………...25

2.2.2.2CLEANING……………………………………………………..27
 2.2.2.2ETCHING………………………………………………………28

2.2.2.3 DRILLING……………………………………………………..28

2.2.2.4 SOLDERING…………………………………………………..29

2.2.2.5 MASKING……………………………………………………..29

2.2.3 PCB LAYOUT………………………………………………………29

Chapter 3 COMPONENT LIST……………………………………………..31

3.1 COMPONENT LIST…………………………………………………..31

Chapter 4 WORKING OPERATION & PROGRAMMING CODE……..32

4.1 WORKING…………………………………………………………....32

4.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM ………………………………………………...33

4.3 PROGRAMMING CODE…………………………………………….35
Chapter 5 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES…………………………42
5.1 ADVANTAGES………………………………………………………42

5.2 DISADVANTAGES…………………………………………………..42

Chapter 6 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………43

6.1 APPLICATIONS……………………………………………………...43

REFERENCES……………………………………………………...44
 NO.
LIST OF FIGURE Page no

FIGURE NO. LIST OF FIGURES

PAGE NO.

1 Gsm Modem
2 Pin configuration of Atmega

3 LCD

4 Different types of relay

5 (a) pin connection of uln 2803

(b) plastic package

6 PCB Layout of soldering side

7 PCB Layout of Component side

8 PCB Designing process

9 PCB cleaning processs

10 Block Diagram

11 Circuit Diagram
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

9
 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

In today’s fast changing world, everything is becoming compact, portable and

mobile. The mobile handsets for communication are the biggest advancement in
the area. These have made our lives much simpler and connected. Today almost
everyone is familiar with it’s usage, and is able to draw advantage from it.
The technologies for mobile communication have been ever evolving. Each had
there share of pro’s and con’s. The Global System for Mobile communication
(originally Groupe Spécial Mobile) represents the second generation of mobile
communications. It is a digital telephony system, used in most parts of the world,
starting from Finland in 1991 till now, with more than 690 mobile networks
providing GSM services across 213 countries.
It uses time division multiple access technique (TDMA).GSM digitizes and
compresses data, then sends it down a channel with other streams of user data,
each in its own time slot. It operates at either the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz frequency
band.
GSM provides with Subscribers Identity Module(SIM) to every user.It is a
detachable card which identifies user’s account to the network and provides
authentication, that allows appropriate billing. The unique roaming features of
GSM allow cellular subscribers to use their services in any GSM service area in
the world in which their provider has a roaming agreement. The idea behind the
project is to utilize the mobile nature of communication and application provided
by the GSM technology, namely SMS.SMS stands for Short Messaging Service
.Short Message Service is an integrated paging service that lets GSM cellular

10
subscribers send and receive data right on their cellular phone's LED display, up to
a maximum of 160 characters.
The use of SMS makes the understanding and use of the project quite simple to the
user.

1.2 Motivation

As an engineering student a project is required as part of the final year work. The
project chosen is the activation of HomeAutomation via mobile technology. This
was selected because of incorporating mobile technology with controlling of
appliances which we believe is the next important step to realize the Home
Automation. The comfort of being able to take control of devices from one
particular location has become imperative as it saves a lot of time and effort.

1.3 Problem Statement

Technology has advanced so much in the last decade or two that it has made life
more efficient and comfortable. The comfort of being able to take control of
devices from one particular location has become imperative as it saves a lot of time
and effort . Therefore there arises a need to do so in a systematic manner which we
have tried to implement with our system. The system we have proposed is an
extended approach to automating a control system. The application of our system
comes in handy when people who forget to do simple things such as turn ON or
OFF devices at their home or in their office, they can now do so without their
presence by the transmission of a simple text message from their mobile phone.
 CHAPTER 2
EQUIPMENT & PCB
DESGINING
2.1 EQUIPMENTS:

The different major equipments used in system are enlisted below:

a) GSM modem
b) Microcontroller (ATEMEGA 168)
c) LCD
d) Relay
e) ULN2803

2.1.1 GSM MODEM :

A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and
operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From
the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone.
A GSM modem exposes an interface that allows applications such as
NowSMS to send and receive messages over the modem interface. The mobile
operator charges for this message sending and receiving as if it was performed
directly on a mobile phone. To perform these tasks, a GSM modem must support
an ―extended AT command set‖ for sending/receiving SMS messages, as defined
in the ETSI GSM 07.05 and and 3GPP TS 27.005 specifications.
GSM modems can be a quick and efficient way to get started with SMS,
because a special subscription to an SMS service provider is not required. In most
parts of the world, GSM modems are a cost effective solution for receiving SMS
messages, because the sender is paying for the message delivery.
A GSM modem can be a dedicated modem device with a serial, USB or
Bluetooth connection, such as the Falcom Samba 75 used in this document. (Other
manufacturers of dedicated GSM modem devices include Wavecom, Multitech and
iTegno.)

SIM 300 is a Tri band GSM/GPRS engine that works on frequencies

900MHz, DCS 1800 and 1900MHz. With tiny configuration of
40mmx33mmx2.9mm, SIM 300 can meet almost all the space requirements in
your applications, such as smart phone, PDA phone and other mobile devices. The
physical interface to the mobile application is a 60 pin board t board connector,
which provides all hardware interfaces between the module and customers’ boards
except the RF antenna interfaces.You can turn on the module by driving the
PWRKEY to a low level voltage for period time. The automatic power on circuit
illustrate as following figure. The PWRKEY pin is the NO.34 pin of the module
interface. The value of the capacitor C155 is recommended as

Fig 1 GSM MODEM

2.1.2ATMEGA 168:

A microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated µC, uC or MCU) is a small

computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and

programmable input/output peripherals. Microcontrollers are designed for

embedded applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal

computers or other general purpose applications. . By reducing the size and cost

compared to a design that uses a separate microprocessor, memory, and

input/output devices, microcontrollers make it economical to digitally control even

more devices and processes

The Atmel®AVR® core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general

purpose working registers. All the 32 registers are directly connected to the

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), allowing two independent registers to be accessed

in one single instruction executed in one clock cycle. The resulting architecture is

more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than

conventional CISC microcontrollers.

The ATmega8 provides the following features: 8 Kbytes of In-System

Programmable Flash with Read-While-Write capabilities, 512 bytes of EEPROM,

1 Kbyte of SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working

registers, three flexible Timer/Counters with compare modes, internal and external

interrupts, a serial programmable USART, a byte oriented Twowire Serial

Interface, a 6-channel ADC (eight channels in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages)

with 10-bit accuracy, a programmable Watchdog Timer with Internal Oscillator, an

SPI serial port, and five software selectable power saving modes. The Idle mode

stops the CPU while allowing the SRAM, Timer/Counters, SPI port, and interrupt

system to continue functioning. The Powerdown mode saves the register contents

but freezes the Oscillator.

Pin Descriptions
1. VCC

Digital supply voltage.

2 GND

Ground.

3 Port B (PB7:0) XTAL1/XTAL2/TOSC1/TOSC2

Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for

each bit). The Port B output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with

both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port B pins that are externally

pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port B pins

are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not

running
 ATmega 8

Fig2 Pin configuration of ATmega 8

4. Port C (PC5:0)

Port C is a 7-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for

each bit). The PC5..0 output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with

both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port C pins that are externally

pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port C pins

are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not

running.

5. PC6/RESET

If the RSTDISBL Fuse is programmed, PC6 is used as an I/O pin. Note that the

electrical characteristics of PC6 differ from those of the other pins of Port C.

If the RSTDISBL Fuse is unprogrammed, PC6 is used as a Reset input. A

low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a

Reset.

6. Port D (PD7:0)

Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for

each bit). The Port D output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with

both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port D pins that are externally

pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port D pins
are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not

running.

7. AVCC

AVCC is the supply voltage pin for the A/D Converter, PC3:0, and ADC7:6. It

should be externally connected to VCC, even if the ADC is not used. If the ADC is

used, it should be connected to VCC through a low-pass filter.

8. AREF

AREF is the analog reference pin for the A/D Converter.

9.ADC7:6

In the TQFP and QFN/MLF package, ADC7:6 serve as analog inputs to the A/D

converter. These pins are powered from the analog supply and serve as 10-bit ADC

channels.
2.1.3 LIQIUD CRYSTAL DISPLAY(LCD):

A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual display, or

video display that uses the light modulat. LCDs do not emit light directly.LCDs are

used in a wide range of applications ,including computer monitors, television,

instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, signage, etc. They are common in

consumer devices such as video players, gaming Fig3 LCD devices, clocks,

watches, calculators, and telephones.

This LCD's typically have 14 data pins and 2 for the LED backlight. Character

LCDs use a standard 14-pin interface and those with backlights have 16 pins.

There is also be a single backlight pin, with the other connection via Ground or

VCC pin. The two backlight pins may precede the pin 1. The nominal backlight

voltage is around 4.2V at 25˚C using a VDD 5V capable model.

Fig 3.LCD
2.1.3.1 Features :
a) 5 ´ 8 and 5 ´ 10 dot matrix possible
b)Low power operation support:
2.7 to 5.5V
c) Wide range of liquid crystal display driver power
3.1 to 11V
d) 80 ´ 8-bit display RAM (80 characters max.)

2.1.4 Relays:

Relays are electromechanical devices, which are used as a switch. Current flowing

through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and

changes the switch contacts. The main advantages of using relay as a switch is that,

they provide electrical isolation between inputs with the help of magnetic coupling

and also we can handle a large power using a relay.

There are different types of relays are available and they can be categorized in

various ways. For example relays can be SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT etc. SPDT

stands for Single Pole

A relay will switch one or more poles, each of whose contacts can be thrown by

energizing the coil in one of three ways:

 Normally-open (NO) contacts connect the circuit when the relay is activated;
the circuit is disconnected when the relay is inactive. It is also called aForm
 A contact or "make" contact. NO contacts can also be distinguished as "early-

make" or NOEM, which means that the contacts will close before the button or

switch is fully engaged.

 Normally-closed (NC) contacts disconnect the circuit when the relay is

activated; the circuit is connected when the relay is inactive. It is also called

aForm B contact or "break" contact. NC contacts can also be distinguished as

"late-break" or NCLB, which means that the contacts will stay closed until the

button or switch is fully disengaged.

 Change-over (CO), or double-throw (DT), contacts control two circuits: one

normally-open contact and one normally-closed contact with a common

terminal. It is also called a Form C contact or "transfer" contact ("break before

make"). If this type of contact utilizes a "make before break" functionality, then

it is called a Form D contact.

The following designations are commonly encountered:

 SPST – Single Pole Single Throw. These have two terminals which can be
connected or disconnected. Including two for the coil, such a relay has four

terminals in total. It is ambiguous whether the pole is normally open or

normally closed. The terminology "SPNO" and "SPNC" is sometimes used to

resolve the ambiguity.

 SPDT – Single Pole Double Throw. A common terminal connects to either of
two others. Including two for the coil, such a relay has five terminals in total.

 DPST – Double Pole Single Throw. These have two pairs of terminals.
Equivalent to two SPST switches or relays actuated by a single coil. Including

two for the coil, such a relay has six terminals in total. The poles may be Form

A or Form B (or one of each).

 DPDT – Double Pole Double Throw. These have two rows of change-over
terminals. Equivalent to two SPDT switches or relays actuated by a single coil.

Such a relay has eight terminals, including the coil.

Fig 4.Different types of relay

2.1.5 ULN 2803:

The eight NPN Darlington connected transistors in this family of arrays are ideally

suited for interfacing between low logic level digital circuitry (such as TTL, CMOS

or PMOS/NMOS) and the higher current/voltage requirements of lamps, relays,

printer hammers or other similar loads for a broad range of computer, industrial,

and consumer applications. All devices feature open–collector outputs and

freewheeling clamp diodes for transient Suppression. The ULN2803 is designed to

be compatible with standard families while the ULN2804 is optimized for 6 to 15

volt high level CMOS or PMOS.

MAXIMUM RATINGS (TA = 25°C and rating apply to any one device in the

package, unless otherwise noted.)

Rating Symbol Value Unit

Output Voltage VO 50 V
Input Voltage VI 30 V
Collector Current – Conti. IC 500 mA
Base Current – Continuous IB 25 Ma
 (B)

(A)
Fig 5 (A)pin connection of uln 2803 (B) plastic package
2.2PCB (PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD) DESIGNING:

A printed circuit board, or PCB, is used to mechanically support and electrically

connect electronic components using conductive pathways, tracks or traces etched

from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. It is also referred to

as printed wiring board (PWB) or etched wiring board. A PCB populated with

electronic components is a printed circuit assembly (PCA), also known as a printed

circuit board assembly (PCBA)

PCBs are inexpensive, and can be highly reliable. They require much more layout

effort and higher initial cost than either wire-wrapped or point-to-point constructed

circuits, but are much cheaper and faster for high-volume production. Much of the

electronics industry's PCB design, assembly, and quality control needs are set by

standards.
2.2.1 LAYOUT OF THE PROJECT PCB

2.2.1.A Solder side of the PCB

Fig6: PCB Layout of soldering side

2.2.1.b Component side of the PCB:

Fig 7:PCB Layout of Component side

2.2.2PCB-DESIGNING

PCB Designing includes the following steps:-

PROCESSING

CLEANSING

PRINTING

ETCHING

DRILLING

SOLDERING

MASKING

Fig8 : PCB Designing process

2.2.2.1PROCESSING

The layout of a PCB has to incorporate all the information on the board before one

can go on to the artwork preparation. This means that a concept that clearly defines

all the details of the circuit and partly also of the final equipment, is a prerequisite

before the actual layout can start. The detail circuit diagram is very important for

the layout designer and he must also be familiar with the design concept and with

the philosophy behind the equipment. The General Considerations are-

a-) Layout scale:- Depending on the accuracy required, artwork should be

produced at a 1:1 or 2:1 or even 4:1 scale. The layout is best prepared on the same

scale as the artwork. This prevents all the problems which might be caused by

redrawing of layout to the artwork scale.

b-) Grid system or Graph Paper: - It is commonly accepted practice to use

these for designing.

c-) Board types:-There are two side of a PCB board – Component side &
Solder side. Depending on these board are classified as-

Single-sided Boards: - These are used where costs have to be kept at a

minimum & a particular Circuit can be accommodated on such board. To

jump over conductor tracks, components have to be utilized. If this is not

 feasible, jumper wires are used. (Jumper wires should be less otherwise

double-sided PCB should be considered.

Double-sided Boards: - These are made with or without plated through

holes. Plated through holes are fairly expensive.

2.2.2.2CLEANING
The cleaning of the copper surface prior to resist application is an essential step for

any type of PCB process using etches or plating resist.After scrubbing with the

abrasive, a water rinse will remove most of the remaining slurry.

Scrubbing Pumice/ Acid Slurry

Water Rinse Tap Water

Wet Brushing Tap Water

Acid dip Hydrochloric Acid-HCl

Final Rinse De-ionized Water

Drying Oven or Blowing of air.

Fig 9: PCB cleaning process

30
2.2.2.3 ETCHING

It is of utmost importance to choose a suitable Etchant Systems. There are many

factors to be considered:-

 Etching speed
 Copper solving capacity
 Etchant price
 Pollution character
We have uses FeCl3 (Conc. 120 g/litre 0.1 M) for etching.

2.2.2.4 DRILLING

The importance of hole drilling into PCB’s has further gone with electronic

component miniaturization and its need for smaller holes diameters (diameters less

than half the board thickness) and higher package density.

The following hole diameter tolerances have been generally accepted wherever no

other specifications are mentioned.

Hole Diameter (D) <= 1mm + / - 0.05 mm

Hole Diameter (D) > 3 mm + / – 0.1 mm

2.2.2.5 SOLDERING

Flux should be removed after Soldering. It is done through washing by 0.5—1 %

HCl followed by Neutralization in dilute alkali to remove corrosive flux.Non-

corrosive is removed by Iso-Propanal.

2.2.2.6 MASKING

It is done for the protection of conductor track from Oxidation.

2.2.3 PCB LAYOUT

A PCB layout is required to place components on the PCB so that the component

area can be minimized and the components can be placed in an efficient manner.

The components can be placed in two ways, either manually or by software. The

manual procedure is quiet cumbersome and is very inefficient. The other method is

by the use of computer software. This method is advantageous as it saves time and

valuable copper area. There are various software’s available for this purpose like-

 Express PCB

Pad2pad
 Protel PCB

PCB design e.t.c.

Many of them are loaded with auto routing and auto placement facility. The

software that we have used here is EXPRESS PCB. This software has a good

interface, easy editing options and a wide range of components.

Express P.C.B.

Express PCB is a very easy to use Windows application for laying out

printed circuit boards. There are two parts to Express PCB, Express SCH for

drawing schematics and Express PCB for designing circuit boards. We

downloaded the software from the website www.expresspcb.com.

There are lots of functions available in the software. This software is free of

cost and it is very easy to use. The different layers of the PCB can be viewed by

just a click of a button on the interface. And we easily get its print on paper which

is utilized for further processing. We can design single sided PCB as well as

Double Sided PCB with this Software.

 CHAPTER 3
COMPONENT LIST
 3.COMPONENT PART LIST

The list of component used is enlisted below :

COMPONENT MODEL QUANTITY

GSM modem SIM 300 1
Microcontroller ATMEGA 168 1
Interfacing device ULN 2803 1
Relay JIH JIK 4
LCD HD44780U 1
LED 6
Variable resistance 1
Voltage Regulator LM 7805 1
Diode IN 4007 2
Resistance 1Kohm 6
Resistance 10Kohm 1
Crystal oscillator(10 1
MHz)
Ceramic capacitor 104/AEC 1
Ceramic capacitor 33/AEC 2
Connector 9
Connecting wires
Relay JQC-3FC 4
 CHAPTER 4

WORKING OPERATION &

PROGRAMMING CODE
4 WORKING OPERATION & PROGRAMMING CODE

This chapter deals with working of ―sms based control system using GSM

MODEM‖. This chapter also introduces programming used in microcontroller.

4.1 WORKING:

The idea behind this project is to use the existing GSM infrastructure. So, all the

operations involve the gsm system also. As we send any sms, it goes through the

gsm system. Any sent sms can be received if we use a SIM card and gsm module.

To operate any gsm modem, we have to use the AT commands to operate them.

For example, if any sms arrives the gsm modem sends the serial data in ASCII

format. We can read these data if we connect the modem with the serial port of the

microcontroller at the baud rate of 9600. As the microcontroller comes to know

that a sms has been arrived, it can sent a proper AT command to read the sms. The

reading of sms returns the mobile no of sender, the time and much more

information. We have to select the sms part of the message. The starting string of

the sms is used as the password. As the password is matched, then the sms arrival

is assumed to be valid by the microcontroller otherwise, it ignores the

sms.Working of ―sms based device control system using GSM MODEM‖ is very

simple.It can be simply understood by its block diagram &circuit diagram.

Fig 10.BLOCK DIAGRAM
4.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

Fig10. circuit diagram

4.3 PROGRAMMING CODE:

ATMEGA 168 operate for both analog as well as digital

signal.programming of this microcontroller is done in compiler

ARDUINO which is open source free compiler.Programing code is

written below:

// all the sms should start with # and

terminate with *. #include
<LiquidCrystal.h>

#include
<NewSoft
Serial.h>
#define
led_pin 8

#define
buzz_pin 9
LiquidCrystal
lcd(2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7);

NewSoftSerial gsm(18,19);// connect the

gsm module here String str="";

//String

sent_sms

="ok";

String

status_stri
ng="OK";

//String sms_arrival="+CMTI: "+ String(char(34)) + "SM" +

String(char(34)); //String mob_no="";

String sms="";

const

char

sms_e

nd='*';

int

stage=

0;

h
;

void setup()
{ lcd.begin(16, 2);

// lcd.print("GSM BASED SYSTEM");

indicate(1000);

gsm.begin(2400);// keep the speed of the modem slow to handle the data easily
gsm.print("at\n\r"); // ATTENTION

delay(100);

gsm.print("ate0\n\r"); // ECHO OFF

delay(100);

gsm.print("at+cmgf=1\n\r");// SMS FORMAT TEXT

delay(100);

gsm.print("at+cnmi=2,1,0,1,0\n\r"); // indicates the arrival of new message

delay(1000);

gsm.flush(); // CLEAR THE INITIAL DATA OF

MODEM delay(1000);

gsm.print("at+cmgd=1\n\r"); // CLEAR THE LOCATION 1

pinMode(11,OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(11,LOW);

pinMode(14,OUTPUT);

pinMode(15,OUTPUT);

pinMode(17,OUTPUT);

pinMode(16,OUTPUT);

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("DEVICE CONTROL");

void loop()
{

while(stage==0) // hold here unless otherwise any sms arrives

{ if(gsm.available())

{ ch=char(gsm.read());

str+=ch;

i=str.indexOf("+CMTI: ");

if(i>=0) // only when sms gets

arrived { //Serial.println("SMS

ARRIVED"); lcd.clear();

lcd.print("SMS ARRIVED");
str="";

gsm.print("at+cmgr=1\n\r");// comman to read the sms

stage=1;// now we shall read the sms

i=-1

indicate(100);

lcd.clear();

while(stage==1)

if(gsm.available())

{ ch=gsm.read();

/ Serial.print(ch);

lcd.print(ch);
 str+=ch;

if(ch==sms_end)// termination character found

{stage=2;

indicate(100);

while(stage==2)

for(i=((str.indexOf('#')+1));(i<str.indexOf('*'));i++) // sms starts with # and ends with

* { sms+=str.charAt(i);

indicate(1000);

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("GSM BASED
SYSTEM"); lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print(sms);

indicate(200);

for(int n=0;n<=3;n++)

int pin=14+n;

int data=sms[n]-'0';
digitalWrite(pin,data);

}
//******************************
str="";// clear the string

gsm.print("at+cmgd=1\n\r");//clear the locatin 1

}// stage 2

while(stage==3)

if(gsm.available())

{ ch=gsm.read();

/ Serial.print(ch);

str+=ch;

if((str.indexOf("OK")>0))
{ str="";

status_string="OK";

// mob_no="";

sms="";

stage=4;
i=-1;

indicate(100);

delay(2000);

send_sms();

delay(1000);

}// stage 3
while(stage==4) //

if(gsm.available())

ch=gsm.read();

Serial.print(ch);

str+=ch;

if((str.indexOf("OK")>0))
{ str="";

stage=0;

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("DEVICE CONTROL");

}//main loop void

indicate(int i)

digitalWrite(led_pin, HIGH);

digitalWrite(buzz_pin,

HIGH); delay(i);

digitalWrite(led_pin, LOW);
digitalWrite(buzz_pin, LOW);

}
void send_sms()

{ gsm.print("AT\n\r");

gsm.print("AT+CMGS=");

gsm.print(char(34));

gsm.print("+9197932022

58"); gsm.print(char(34));

gsm.print("\n\r");

delay(100);

gsm.print("OK");

gsm.print(char(26)); // ascii code for ctrl^z

// sent_sms="OK"; //
 CHAPTER 5
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
5 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGE

This project is made with best of capabilities and dedication. Details were taken

care of in preparing it. The problems encountered in various steps were taken into

account and eliminated to much extent so that they may not harm the project

functioning. Also certain areas were thought of before hand and worked upon, so

as to prevent them from becoming a limitation for the project. But, as it is that

every system is not perfect in all the aspects. They have some associated

limitations. Here are presented the advantages, in general and comparative of the

counterparts, and disadvantages of the project.

5.1ADVANTAGES:
1. Devices can be controlled from long distances.

2. Economical design

3. Can be easily implemented in homes

4. Can be used by everyone with just the knowledge of text SMS

5. Format of the SMS is simple to understand and write.

5.2DISADVANTAGES:
1. The system is network dependent. Hence, network congestion can reduce
the reliability of the system.
2. User can make mistake while typing the message format.
 CHAPTER 6
APPLICATIONS
6.1 APPLICATIONS

The previous chapter deal with stated merits and de-merits of the project, the
project can be put for use in following fields-

1. Home automation, which was the seed for developing the idea of
project.
2. Remote device control. a) This will help to eliminate need of human
personnel attending the device till it has to be switched off/on. Based on
experience of approximate time to switch on/off ,he/she can control the
device, saving time.
b) It will also help to control device while attending to other work.
c) User can control device in case of forgetting to do so while leaving
for some other place.
3. Energy conservation
4. Irrigation systems

REFERNCES:
1. Paper of M.J Vanderwerff on ―activation of home automation system

via mobile technology‖

2. Wikipedia-GSM technology

3. Data sheet of ATMEGA 168

4. www.motorola.com-interfacing device information

5. Dr. Aditya Trivedi-Prof. IIIT Gwalior

6. Labsguru workshop –programming details