Contents

BAB 1 ....................................................................................................................................................... 3
PRELIMINARY .......................................................................................................................................... 3
A. Background .................................................................................................................................... 3
B. Problem Formulation ..................................................................................................................... 3
BAB II ...................................................................................................................................................... 4
PREPOSITION ......................................................................................................................................... 4
Definition .......................................................................................................................................... 4
A. Simple prepositions. ................................................................................................................. 6
B. Compound preposition ............................................................................................................. 7
C. Participle prepositions. ............................................................................................................ 9
D. Phrase prepositions................................................................................................................. 10
Prepositions with Nouns, Adjectives, and Verbs. ................................................................. 14
NOUNS and PREPOSITIONS ........................................................................................................ 15
ADJECTIVES and PREPOSITIONS ............................................................................................... 15
VERBS and PREPOSITIONS ......................................................................................................... 15
Idiomatic Expressions with Prepositions .................................................................................... 15
Unnecessary Prepositions ............................................................................................................. 15
Prepositional Phrases .................................................................................................................... 16
What are the Parts of a Prepositional Phrase? .......................................................................... 16
Formal Functions of Prepositions ................................................................................................ 16
Prepositions Functioning as Adjectives ...................................................................................... 16
Prepositions Functioning as Adverbs........................................................................................... 16
Prepositions Functioning as Nominals ........................................................................................ 17
Semantic Properties of Prepositions ........................................................................................... 17
Exersices I ................................................................................................................................... 17
Exersices II .................................................................................................................................. 18
Exersices III................................................................................................................................. 19
Exersices IV ................................................................................................................................ 21
Exersices V ................................................................................................................................. 21
Exersices VI ................................................................................................................................ 22
Exersices VII ............................................................................................................................... 22
Exersices VII ............................................................................................................................... 23
Exersices VIII

I
 ...................................................................................................................................................... 23
Exersices IX ................................................................................................................................ 24
Exersices X ................................................................................................................................. 24
Exersices XI ................................................................................................................................ 25
Exersices XII ............................................................................................................................... 25
BAB III .................................................................................................................................................... 27
COVER ................................................................................................................................................... 27
A. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 27
B. Suggestions ................................................................................................................................... 27

2
 BAB 1

PRELIMINARY
A. Background
After mastering English well, then we will be able to

communicating with other nations in this world. Besides that,

we will also be able to add our insights and knowledge for the sake of

the progress of our nation and country, because we will be able to read

English literature, listening to outside radio broadcasts

country, and watch other science films. Many

once the rules that must be considered in its use,

especially in the field of writing. Therefore, the writer tries

presents four rules from many English rules, in addition

to fulfill college assignments also aims hopefully this short writing

can add to our insights about English.

B. Problem Formulation

1. What are meant by Simple prepositions. and how for example?

2. What are meant by Compound preposition.and how for example?

3. What are meant by Participle prepositions. and how for example?

4. What are meant by Phrase prepositions . and how for example?

5. What are meant by Prepositions and adverbs . and how for example?

6. Learn more about Prepositions?

7. What is the function of using Prepositions?

3
 BAB II

PREPOSITION
Definition

A preposition links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence. The word or
phrase that the preposition introduces is called the object of the preposition.

A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its object to
the rest of the sentence as in the following examples:

The book is on the table.

The book is beneath the table.
The book is leaning against the table.
The book is beside the table.
She held the book over the table.
She read the book during class.

In each of the preceding sentences, a preposition locates the noun "book" in space or in
time.

A prepositional phrase is made up of the preposition, its object and any

associated adjectives or adverbs. A prepositional phrase can function as a noun, an
adjective, or an adverb. The most common prepositions are "about," "above," "across,"
"after," "against," "along," "among," "around," "at," "before," "behind," "below," "beneath,"
"beside," "between," "beyond," "but," "by," "despite," "down," "during," "except," "for,"
"from," "in," "inside," "into," "like," "near," "of," "off," "on," "onto," "out," "outside," "over,"
"past," "since," "through," "throughout," "till," "to," "toward," "under," "underneath," "until,"
"up," "upon," "with," "within," and "without."

Each of the highlighted words in the following sentences is a preposition:

The children climbed the mountain without fear.

In this sentence, the preposition "without" introduces the noun "fear." The prepositional
phrase "without fear" functions as an adverb describing how the children climbed.

There was rejoicing throughout the land when the government was defeated.

Here, the preposition "throughout" introduces the noun phrase "the land." The
prepositional phrase acts as an adverb describing the location of the rejoicing.

The spider crawled slowly along the banister.

4
The preposition "along" introduces the noun phrase "the banister" and the prepositional
phrase "along the banister" acts as an adverb, describing where the spider crawled.

The dog is hiding under the porch because it knows it will be punished for chewing
up a new pair of shoes.

Here the preposition "under" introduces the prepositional phrase "under the porch," which
acts as an adverb modifying the compound verb "is hiding."

The screenwriter searched for the manuscript he was certain was somewhere in his
office.

Similarly in this sentence, the preposition "in" introduces a prepositional phrase "in his
office," which acts as an adverb describing the location of the missing papers.

Below is the complete list prepostions

about concerning onto

above despite on top of
according to down out
across during out of
after except outside
against except for over
along excepting past
along with for regarding
among from round
apart from in since
around in addition to through
as in back of throughout
as for in case of till
at in front of to
because of in place of toward
before inside under
behind in spite of underneath
below instead of unlike
beneath into until
beside like up
between near upon
beyond next up to
but* of with
by off within
by means of on without

5
Kinds of prepositons.
1. Simple prepositions
2. Compound prepositions
3. Double prepositions
4. Participle prepositions
5. Phrase prepositions

A. Simple prepositions.

Simple prepositions are words like in, on, at, about, over, under, off, of, for, to etc.

Example :

In In the house

On On the desk

At At school

Above Above average

Below Below 100

Over Over the fireplace

Under Under the table

Around Around the building

Through Through the door

Before Before lunch

After After 10:00

To (Go) to Colorado

From (Come) from Arizona

About A story about dogs

By Written by me

With She wouldn't go with us.

Without So we went without her.

Between Just between you and me

6
Among There are no secrets among us (three).

Inside Inside the room

Outside Outside the box

In front of In front of the house

Behind Behind the tree

Next to Next to the bank

Near Near the library

On top of On top of the file cabinet

Underneath Underneath the refrigerator

B. Compound preposition

A preposition that is composed of more than one word is called a compound preposition.
The last word of a compound preposition is always one of the simple prepositions, so
compound prepositions are easy to recognize. You will notice that many of the following
compound prepositions are formed with a directional word and the simple preposition de.
Remember that if a directional word is used without de, it is no longer considered a
preposition.

Compound preposition are words like :

1. According to 8. Ambition to 17. By dint of

2. Affection 9. Ambitious of 18. By means

for of
10. As for
3. Affectionate 19. By reason
to 11. As of of

4. Along with 12. As to 20. By virtue

of
5. Alternate 13. Aside from
with 21. By way of
14. Away from
6. Alternative 22. Capable of
to 15. Because of
23. Capacity
7. Ambition to 16. But for for

7
24. Confidence 44. Foundation 62. In
in in reference
to
25. Confident 45. Founded on
of 63. In regard
46. Hindered to
26. Contrast to from
64. In search
27. Derogate 47. Hindrance to
from to
65. In side of
28. Derogatory 48. In
to accordanc 66. In spite of
e to
29. Descendant 67. In the
of 49. In addition event of
to
30. Descended 68. In the light
from 50. In behalf of of

31. Desires of 51. In case of 69. In view of

32. Desirous of 52. In 70. Infatuated

compariso with
33. Dislike to n to
71. Infatuation
34. Disqualifie 53. In for
d from complianc
e with 72. Insensible
35. Due to to
54. In
36. Equal to consequen 73. Instead of
ce of
37. Equally 74. Liking for
with 55. In course
of 75. Neglectful
38. Except for of
56. In front of
39. Exception 76. Negligent
to 57. In lieu of in

40. Fond of 58. In 77. Next to

memoriam
41. Fondness 78. On account
59. In order to of
42. For the
sake of 60. In place of 79. On behalf
of
43. Forward of 61. In quest of

8
 80. Out of 89. Qualified 98. Subsequent
for to
81. Outside of
90. Respect for 99. Together
82. Owing to with
91. Respectful
83. Partiality to 100. Vis-a-vis

84. Prejudicial 92. Result of 101. With a

for view to
93. Resulted
85. Prejudicial from 102. With an
to eye to
94. Seized
86. Preparator upon 103. With
y reference
95. Seizure of to
87. Prepared
for 96. Sensible of 104. With
regard to
88. Prior to 97. Subsequent
to 105. With
respect to

Example :

Suddenly he emerged from behind the curtain.

He walked out of the compound

C. Participle prepositions.

Participle prepositions are words like :

1. Barring 7. Including 12. Concerning

2. Considering 8. Notwithstan 13. Counting

ding
3. During 14. Excepting
9. Pending
4. Following 15. Excluding
10. Regarding
5. Given 16. Failing
11. Accepting
6. Gone 17. Respect

9
Example :

There was little chance of success, notwithstanding they decided to go ahead.

You did the job well, considering your age and inexperience.

D. Phrase prepositions

Phrase prepositions are phrases like because of, by means of, with regard to, on behalf
of, instead of, on account of, in opposition to, for the sake of etc.

Example :

I am standing here on behalf of my friends and colleagues.

The match was cancelled because of the rain.
He succeeded by means of perseverance.

E. Prepositions and adverbs

There are some words which can be used both as prepositions and as adverbs. If a
word is used as a preposition it will have a noun or pronoun as its object. Adverbs,
on the other hand, do not have objects. They are used to modify a verb, adjective
or another adverb.

Compare:

She sat in the armchair. (In – preposition; armchair – object)

Please come in. (In – adverb; no object)
He stood before me. (Before – preposition; object – me)
I have seen him before. (Before – adverb; no object)
She put the book on the table. (On – preposition; object – the table)
Let’s move on. (On – adverb; no object)
He will return after a month. (After – preposition; object – a month)
He came soon after. (After – adverb; no object)

Prepositions Time and Place

Top of Form

Bottom of Form

A preposition describes a relationship between other words in a sentence. In itself, a word

like "in" or "after" is rather meaningless and hard to define in mere words. For instance,
when you do try to define a preposition like "in" or "between" or "on," you invariably use
your hands to show how something is situated in relationship to something else.
Prepositions are nearly always combined with other words in structures
called prepositional phrases. Prepositional phrases can be made up of a million different
words, but they tend to be built the same: a preposition followed by a determiner and an
adjective or two, followed by a pronoun or noun (called the object of the preposition).
This whole phrase, in turn, takes on a modifying role, acting as an adjective or an adverb,
locating something in time and space, modifying a noun, or telling when or where or under
what conditions something happened.

Consider the professor's desk and all the prepositional phrases we can use while talking
about it.

You can sit before the desk (or in front of the desk). The professor can sit on the desk
(when he's being informal) or behind the desk, and then his feet are under the desk
or beneath the desk. He can stand beside the desk (meaning next to the desk), before the
desk, between the desk and you, or even on the desk (if he's really strange). If he's
clumsy, he can bump into the desk or try to walk through the desk (and stuff would
fall off the desk). Passing his hands over the desk or resting his elbows upon the desk, he
often looks across the desk and speaks of the desk or concerning the desk as if there were
nothing else like the desk. Because he thinks of nothing except the desk, sometimes you
wonder about the desk, what's in the desk, what he paid for the desk, and if he could
live without the desk. You can walk toward the desk, to the desk, around the desk, by the
desk, and even past the desk while he sits at the desk or leans against the desk.

All of this happens, of course, in time: during the class, before the class, until the
class, throughout the class, after the class, etc. And the professor can sit there in a bad
mood [another adverbial construction].

Prepositions of Place: at, in, on

In general, we use:

 at for a POINT
 in for an ENCLOSED SPACE
 on for a SURFACE

at In on

POINT ENCLOSED SPACE SURFACE

at the corner in the garden on the wall

at the bus stop in London on the ceiling

at the door in France on the door

at the top of the page in a box on the cover

at the end of the road in my pocket on the floor

at the entrance in my wallet on the carpet

at the crossroads in a building on the menu

at the front desk in a car on a page

Look at these examples:

 Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop.

 The shop is at the end of the street.
 My plane stopped at Dubai and Hanoi and arrived in Bangkok two hours late.
 When will you arrive at the office?
 Do you work in an office?
 I have a meeting in New York.
 Do you live in Japan?
 Jupiter is in the Solar System.
 The author's name is on the cover of the book.
 There are no prices on this menu.
 You are standing on my foot.
 There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall.
 I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London.

Notice the use of the prepositions of place at, in and on in these standard expressions:

at in On

at home in a car on a bus

at work in a taxi on a train

at school in a helicopter on a plane

at university in a boat on a ship

at college in a lift (elevator) on a bicycle, on a motorbike

at the top in the newspaper on a horse, on an elephant

at the bottom in the sky on the radio, on television

at the side in a row on the left, on the right

at reception in Oxford Street on the way

Prepositions of Time: at, in, on

We use:

 at for a PRECISE TIME

 in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
 on for DAYS and DATES

at In on

PRECISE TIME MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS DAYS and DATES

at 3 o'clock in May on Sunday

at 10.30am in summer on Tuesdays

at noon in the summer on 6 March

at dinnertime in 1990 on 25 Dec. 2010

at bedtime in the 1990s on Christmas Day

at sunrise in the next century on Independence Day

at sunset in the Ice Age on my birthday

at the moment in the past/future on New Year's Eve

Look at these examples:

 I have a meeting at 9am.

 The shop closes at midnight.
 Jane went home at lunchtime.
 In England, it often snows in December.
 Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future?
 There should be a lot of progress in the next century.
 Do you work on Mondays?
 Her birthday is on 20 November.
 Where will you be on New Year's Day?

Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard expressions:
Expression Example

at night The stars shine at night.

at the weekend I don't usually work at the weekend.

at Christmas/Easter I stay with my family at Christmas.

at the same time We finished the test at the same time.

at present He's not home at present. Try later.

Notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common expressions:

in On

in the morning on Tuesday morning

in the mornings on Saturday mornings

in the afternoon(s) on Sunday afternoons

in the evening(s) on Monday evening

When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on.

 I went to London last June. (not in last June)

 He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday)
 I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter)
 We'll call you this evening. (not in this evening)
Prepositions with Nouns, Adjectives, and Verbs.

Prepositions are sometimes so firmly wedded to other words that they have
practically become one word. (In fact, in other languages, such as German, they
would have become one word.) This occurs in three categories: nouns, adjectives,
and verbs.
 NOUNS and PREPOSITIONS

approval of fondness for need for

awareness of grasp of participation in
belief in hatred of reason for
concern for hope for respect for
confusion about interest in success in
desire for love of understanding of

ADJECTIVES and PREPOSITIONS

afraid of fond of proud of

angry at happy about similar to
aware of interested sorry for
capable of in sure of
careless jealous of tired of
about made of worried
familiar with married to about

VERBS and PREPOSITIONS

apologize give up prepare for

for grow up study for
ask about look for talk about
ask for look forward think about
belong to to trust in
bring up look up work for
care for make up worry
find out pay for about

A combination of verb and preposition is called a phrasal verb. The word that is
joined to the verb is then called a particle. Please refer to the brief section we
have prepared on phrasal verbs for an explanation.

Idiomatic Expressions with Prepositions

 agree to a proposal, with a person, on a price, in principle
 argue about a matter, with a person, for or against a proposition
 compare to to show likenesses, with to show differences (sometimes similarities)
 correspond to a thing, with a person
 differ from an unlike thing, with a person
 live at an address, in a house or city, on a street, with other people
Unnecessary Prepositions

In everyday speech, we fall into some bad habits, using prepositions where they
are not necessary. It would be a good idea to eliminate these words altogether,
but we must be especially careful not to use them in formal, academic prose.

 She met up with the new coach in the hallway.

 The book fell off of the desk.
 He threw the book out of the window.
 She wouldn't let the cat inside of the house. [or use "in"]
 Where did they go to?
 Put the lamp in back of the couch. [use "behind" instead]
 Where is your college at?
Prepositional Phrases

Prepositional phrases modify nouns and verbs while indicating various relationships
between subjects and verbs. They are used to color and inform sentences in
powerful ways.

What are the Parts of a Prepositional Phrase?

In simplest terms, prepositional phrases consist of a preposition and an object of a

preposition. Prepositions are indeclinable words that introduce the object of a
prepositional phrase. Indeclinable words are words that have only one possible
form. For example, below is a preposition, but belows or belowing are not possible
forms of below.

The noun phrase or pronoun that follows the preposition is called the object of the
preposition. For example, behind the couch is a prepositional phrase
where behind is the preposition and the noun phrase the couch acts as the object
of the preposition. Sometimes adjectives are used to further modify the object of
the preposition, as in behind the big old smelly green couch.

Formal Functions of Prepositions

Prepositions perform three formal functions in sentences. They can act as an

adjective modifying a noun, as an adverb modifying a verb, or as a nominal when
used in conjunction with the verb form to be.

Prepositions Functioning as Adjectives

In the following sentences, prepositional phrases perform the function of modifying

the nouns boat, pen, and car:

Look at the boat with the blue sail. Please hand me the pen next to the telephone. Park the
car beside the fence.

Prepositions Functioning as Adverbs

In these examples, notice how the prepositional phrases perform adverbial

functions by modifying the verbs after, stalled, and won:

The coyote runs after the rabbit. The car stalled despite the tune-up. The team won without
the starting quarterback.
Prepositions Functioning as Nominals

In English, sometimes words function as nouns but aren't themselves nouns. These
words are called nominals. Prepositions sometimes perform this important function
in sentences when they are used in conjunction with the verb to be. For example:

The park is next to the hospital. The student is between an A and a B. The fight scene is before
the second act.

Semantic Properties of Prepositions

In semantic terms, the preposition functions to illustrate a logical, temporal, or

spatial relationship between the object of the prepositional phrase and the other
components of the sentence. Consider the following examples:

The dog is asleep on his bed.

In this example, the prepositional phrase on his bed indicates a spatial relationship
between the subject dog and the object bed. If the preposition on was replaced
with under or beneath the spatial relationship would be altered.

The town hasn't been the same since the war.

In this sentence, the prepositional phrase since the war indicates a temporal
relationship between the verb phrase hasn't been the same and the object war.

The family survived despite the accident.

he prepositional phrase despite the accident in this sentence indicates a logical

relationship between the survival of the family and the accident.

Exersices I

01. Jim is at the office.

02. His wife is at home.

03. He is sitting at his desk.

04. She is working at the kitchen table.

05. He has papers on his desk.

06. She has a cookery book open on the table.

07. Jim goes to the office at eight.

08. His wife stays at home until ten: then she goes to the supermarket.
09. At the supermarket, she buys groceries.

10. She walks from her house to the supermarket.

11. She walks to the end of her street to a busy road.

12. The courses is just round/on the corner.

13. She buys groceries at the courses and vegetables at an open market.

14. Jim works on the top floor of an office block.

15. He takes a lift (elevator) up and down.

16. The only exciting thing that ever happened to Jim was that once the lift
stopped between the eighth and ninth floors and Jim was stuck in it.

17. He sat on the floor until help came.

18. When she has a lot to buy, Mary takes the car and parks in the car park, close
to the store.

19. In/inside/at the supermarket, she walks along/down the aisles , pushing her
trolley between the rows of shelves.

20. She pays at the checkout, loads the groceries into the boot (trunk) of her car,
and drives (no preposition!) home.

Exersices II

01. The movie starts at 2.30.

02. The restaurant opens in the evening only.

03. Her birthday is on Thursday.

04. The restaurant closes at midnight.

05. We usually have lunch at one.

06. He leaves for New York on Friday.

07. The plane takes off at 14.50.

08. He returns on March 24.

09. We usually go on holiday in the summer.

10. He went to Florida in February. (for is possible, meaning that you stayed in
Florida for the whole of the month)

11. We are leaving in three days. (for could be used, meaning that you will be
away for a period of time, in this case, three days)

12. He goes to work early in the morning.

13. They eat dinner in the evening.

14. The train always leaves on time. (that is, exactly according to the timetable)

15. Will we be in time to catch it?

16. Too late! We weren't in time. (that is, we didn't get there before the set
time; we weren't on time means, we weren't punctual)

17. Don't be late! Be in time for the start of the race. (that is, get there some
time before it starts; more precisely, be on time, at the time the race starts. The
race started on time = the race started when it was scheduled to do so.)

18. What were you doing in 1989?

19. We stay up late on New Year's Eve.

20. We are off to the seaside for the day.

Exersices III

01. I live............... 27 South Street.

A. in B. at C. to D. inside

02. She lives................. Dublin.

A. in B. at C. to D. for

03. I am going....................
A. to the work B. in work C. to work D. work

04. I sleep.................. night.

A. in B. at C. to D. at the

05. Snow falls.................. December.

A. in B. to C. at D. over

06. The bridge goes................. the river.

A. over B. by C. at D. with

07. I will see you.................. Tuesday.

A. at B. in C. on D. with
08. She swam.................. the river.
A. across B. beyond C. into D. through

09. Many books and papers were lying.................... the room. A. through B. over
C. about D. along

10. The plane flew................... the clouds.

A. on top of B. over C. above D. on

11. It is.................. time to start.

A. near B. ready C. nearby D. almost

12. They went to the hotel......................

A. walking B. by foot C. on foot D. with foot

13. It's a bargain. It's................... £5.

A. only B. but C. solely D. even

14. The people in the room................... are very noisy.,

A. down B. lower C. under D. below

15. The train is................... at 5.10.

A. to arrive B. on time C. due D. believed

16. Don't disturb him. He is fast..................

A. sleeping B. sleep C. sleepy D. asleep

17. The water is.................... Be careful!

A. full B. high C. deep D. up

18. He................... 32 on his next birthday.

A. gets B. become C. is D. will

19. I.................. a well-done steak.

A. will B. become C. shall D. want

20. I have only a £20 note. I need some................

A. small money B. coinage C. change D. coins

21. You don't shower with your.................... on, do you?

A. cloths B. clothes C. clothings D. cloth

22. I have lived in Edinburgh.................. my life.

A. for B. since C. total D. all

23. It is heavy. Hold it with................ hands.

A. each B. both C. all D. every

24. She is the lady................. told me.

A. what B. who C. as D. this
25. Read a book............... you are waiting.
A. to B. while C. that D. so

Exersices IV

01. He talked to me about the problem.

02. The room measured three metres by five.

03. Throughout the holidays it rained day after day.

04. He lied to the police when he was arrested for drunken driving.

05. Port comes from Portugal.

06. The movie was boring from beginning to end.

07. In the floods there were ten thousand square kilometres under water.

08. The goods do not have to be paid for in advance but can be sent cash on delivery.

09. The train is not on time so we will be late.

10. I prefer to pay by cheque rather than cash.

Exersices V

1. He didn't tell the truth. He lied about it.

2. The patient was very ill indeed. The doctors were working against time.

3. The sun disappeared behind the clouds.

4. The boxer lost the fight because he hit his opponent below the belt.

5. I will arrive sometime between three and four in the afternoon.

6. He was so ill, he was beyond the help of the doctors.

7. The weather didn't improve. It went from bad to worse.

8. I couldn't buy the book because the shop didn't have it in stock.

9. I felt pleased I no longer had the responsibility. It was a weight off my shoulders.

10. This is the better product. It has many advantages over its competitors.

11. The floods were serious. There were ten thousand square kilometres under water.
12. The bank wants to be sure you can pay back the money. It lends money
only against good security.

Exersices VI

1. I don't know exactly how far it is. I think it's 23 kilometres to the nearest round number.

2. Because of the huge traffic jam on the main road, traffic was at a standstill.

3. The criminal appeared before the court. (note: in court = in the courtroom; in the
court = not used)

4. The soldier saw his girlfriend when he was off duty.

5. We can stroll over because it is within easy walking distance.

6. At high tide, the ship got under way.

7. He got the sack because he was not quite up to the job.

8. It stands to reason that success requires hard work.

9. The estate agent showed the potential purchaser around the building.

10. He makes a terrible noise when he sings off key.

11. The goods were sold cheaply because they were on sale.

12. When you speak to the old lady, you will have to shout because she is hard of hearing.

Exersices VII

1. Hurry up! The train is about to leave.

2. The gambler did not pick his horses carefully or thoughtfully. He selected
them at random.

3. We shall see each other again before long.

4. Much of Holland is below sea level.

5. He stayed loyal to his friends through thick and thin.

6. The golfer got into all sorts of difficulties trying to escape from the bunker.

7. I play tennis when I am off work.

8. If you smoke, you are in danger of getting ill.

9. It is a pity that holidays cannot last for ever.

10. The room measured five metres by six.

11. Drinks are cheaper on board ship.

12. Let's shelter from the rain under/beneath that tree.

Exersices VII

01. She has got over her illness, and is up and about again.

02. The cars were moving round the track at high speed.

03. I saw it all. It happened before my very eyes.

04. The noisy children burst into the room.

05. He is too young. He is below age for admission to that nightclub.

06. They gave their customer a guided tour of their workshops.

07. She was able to make him do whatever she wanted. She could twist him round her
little finger.

08. I have the job in hand and should complete it by late afternoon.

09. The whole idea of a holiday is to get away from it all.

10. The handle stuck, and then it broke when he tried to move it by force.

11. The car was a write-off but the driver escaped without injury.

12. In the operating theatre, the patient is put under anaesthetic.

Exersices VIII

01. Unemployed teenagers hang about/around the city streets.

02. He sold his shares at a profit.

03. I was very early. I arrived an hour before time.

04. The newspapers were not supposed to print what the President said because he was
speaking off the record.

05. The book is unobtainable because it is out of print.

06. With competition intense, you cannot sell goods that are below standard.

07. They were gossiping about him behind his back.

08. We have a dog and a cat besides the canary.

09. I prefer to travel by train.

10. After my holiday, I felt fresh and ready for work.

11. The drunken man swayed from side to side.

12. There was no compulsion. I did it of my own free will.

Exersices IX

01. In summer at dawn the birds break into song.

02. Modern life is so complicated I wouldn't mind being cast away on a desert
island.

03. The bankrupt company had got so far behind with its debt payments that
there was no hope of its meeting its commitments.

04. He told his secretary to hold the reports in readiness in case the committee
needed to inspect them.

05. The managing director put the case for expansion in south-east Asia to the
company's shareholders.

06. The inhabitants of a small community are more likely to take pride in its
appearance than those who live in a large city.

07. Salesmanship comes naturally to the New Yorker: it runs in his blood.

08. The manager demanded a rise in salary commensurate with his new
responsibilities.

09. Summer heat is not conducive to hard mental work.

10. If you bear with me a moment longer you will understand what I mean.

Exersices X

01. The lookout saw that the Titanic was bearing down on the iceberg. Collision
threatened.

02. Who can be indifferent to the glory that was Rome?

03. As far as his opponents are concerned, a dictator is likely to take the law into
his own hands.
04. The shortage took us by surprise and we had no time to arrange alternative
supplies.

05. The government can find no painless way to hold inflation in check.

06. While the sales director was on holiday, the sales office got into a real mess.

07. I had to resign. I couldn't get on with the boss.

08. The injured man was done for. He was going to die.

09. In the warm spring sunshine, the plants came on quickly. (= grew, developed).

10. The publisher threw a big party when the author's new book came out.

Exersices XI

01. I can't stand the sound of bagpipes. It sets my teeth on edge.

02. Although after the accident the car was a complete write-off, he escaped without a
scratch.

03. I put my money in the bank for safe-keeping.

04. The office supervisor in charge of a number of people had twenty people beneath her.

05. At the seaside, the children were so beside themselves with excitement, they could
hardly control themselves.

06. The train is behind time and will make me late for my appointment.

07. The country with have a million men under arms is prepared for war.

08. The men in white coats said he was off his head and took him away.

09. The sympathetic employer knew every one of his employees by name.

10. It is worthwhile keeping those old bits of string because they could be of use later.

Exersices XII

01. Traffic was backed up for six kilometres as a result of the jam on the main road.

02. The footballers were down at heart after losing such an important match.

03. He always acts on the level and you can believe he Is serious when he says he is going
to resign.

04. With inflation costs will rise without doubt.

05. The nurse will be within call if you need her.

06. If he reported your private conversation to the boss, he was definitely in the wrong.

07. He is very punctual and always arrives early as a matter of course.

08. Why are those noisy children shouting at the tops of their voices?

09. He went to the boss and repeated everything I said word for word.

10. She refused to let them into the secre

 BAB III

COVER

A. Conclusion
The background of the preparation of this paper is to add

our insights from the compilers and find an easy way to

explain material about English. The nature of language

English related to understanding Pronoun, form and

the nature of Pronoun and how it is applied / used

B. Suggestions
1. English is an international language, to make things easier

can learn it in various ways, one of them in a way

make a detailed paper delivery. Read it

this paper carefully. Hopefully it can add insight

(especially for those who have not yet learned the material about Prepositions)

2. We hope that readers who are more familiar with this material

giving feedback can even add information towe are both direct and indirect. Hopefully can

more knowledge for us.

3. Please understand if there is a description in this material

not quite right especially not in accordance with the opinion of the sources, us

ordinary people and will be open if there is a correction from parties

any