Republic of the Philippines

WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Teacher Education-Integrated Laboratory School
Junior High School Department

GRADE 7 MATHEMATICS
rd
3 Quarterly Examination Reviewer
Review Dates: March 13 & 16, 2020

1HDEFINITION OF TERMS
In the algebraic expression 3x2 – x + 5, 3x2 , -x and 5 are called the terms.
Term is a constant, a variable or a product of constant and variable. In the term 3x 2 ,
3 is called the numerical coefficient and x2 is called the literal coefficient.
In the term –x, it has a numerical coefficient which is -1 and a literal coefficient which
is x. The term 5 is called the constant, which is usually referred to as the term without
a variable
Numerical coefficient is the constant/number.
Literal coefficient is the variable including its exponent.
The
word Coefficient alone is referred to as the numerical coefficient. In the literal
coefficient x2 , x is called the base and 2 is called the exponent.
Degree is the highest exponent or the highest sum of exponents of the variables
in a term.
In 3x2 – x + 5, the degree is 2.
In 3x2 y 3 – x 4 y 3 the degree is 7.
Similar Terms are terms having the same literal coefficients. 3x 2 and -5x2 are
similar because their literal coefficients are the same.
5x and 5x2 are NOT similar because their literal coefficients are NOT the same.
2x3 y 2 and –4x2 y 3 are NOT similar because their literal coefficients are NOT the
same.

A polynomial is a kind of algebraic expression where each term is a constant, a

variable or a product of a constant and variable in which the variable has a whole
number (non-negative number) exponent.
A polynomial can be a monomial, binomial, trinomial or a multinomial.

An algebraic expression is NOT a polynomial if

1) the exponent of the variable is NOT a whole number {0, 1, 2, 3..}.
2) the variable is inside the radical sign.
3) the variable is in the denominator.

Kinds of Polynomial according to the number of terms

1) Monomial – is a polynomial with only one term
2) Binomial – is polynomial with two terms
3) Trinomial – is a polynomial with three terms
4) Polynomial – is a polynomial with four or more terms

A polynomial is in Standard Form if its terms are arranged from the term with the
highest degree, up to the term with the lowest degree. If the polynomial is in standard
form the first term is called the Leading Term, the numerical coefficient of the leading
 term is called the Leading Coefficient and the exponent or the sum of the exponents of
the variable in the leading term the Degree of the polynomial.

The standard form of 2x2 – 5x5 – 2x3 + 3x – 10 is -5x5 – 2x3 + 2x2 + 3x – 10. The terms
-5x5 is the leading term, -5 is its leading coefficient and 5 is its degree. It is a quintic
polynomial because its degree is 5.

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF POLYNOMIALS

Rules for Adding Polynomials

To add polynomials, simply combine similar terms. To combine similar terms, get
the sum of the numerical coefficients and annex the same literal coefficients. If there is
more than one term, for convenience, write similar terms in the same column.

Examples:
= 13x 4) = == 50x2y2

= - 6y 5) = == 0

= - 2x3

= - 2x3
Rules for Subtracting Polynomials
To subtract polynomials, change the sign of the subtrahend then proceed to the
addition rule. Also, remember what subtraction means. It is adding the negative of the
quantity.

1) 12y – 18y = 12 + (-18y) = -6y Note:

2) 10xy – 8xy = 10xy + (-8xy) = 2xy Apply the rule of subtracting integers
3) -5x3 – (-4x3) = -5x3 + 4x3 = - x3

MULTIPLYING POLYNOMIALS
A. To multiply a monomial by another monomial, simply multiply the numerical
coefficients then multiply the literal coefficients by applying the basic laws of
exponent.
 B. To multiply monomial by a polynomial, simply apply the distributive property and
follow the rule in multiplying monomial by a monomial.

C. To multiply binomial by another binomial, simply distribute the first term of the
first binomial to each term of the other binomial then distribute the second term to
each term of the other binomial and simplify the results by combining similar
terms. This procedure is also known as the F-O-I-L method or Smile method.
Another way is the vertical way of multiplying which is the conventional one.

DIVISION OF POLYNOMIALS

To divide polynomial by a monomial, simply divide each term of the polynomial by

the given divisor.

1. Divide 12x4 – 16x3 + 8x2 by 4x2