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Science and technology indeed play major roles in the everyday life. They make difficult and
complicated tasks … and allow people to do more with so little effort and time. The developments in this
field are not just products of people’s imagination or a one-time thought process, they are also brought
about by gradual improvements to earlier works from different time periods. The driving force behind
this continuous progress.

a. ANCIENT TIMES
In the ancient times, people were concerned with transportation and navigation,
communication and record keeping, mass production, security and protection, as well health
aesthetics and architecture.
Transportation was significant during that time because we’re trying to go places and discover
new horizon. They travelled to search for food and find better locations their settlements. They also
travelled to trade their goods in exchange for things that they lacked. Navigation assisted them in their
journey to unfamiliar and strange areas in the world. It allowed them to return home after they discovered
new places or completed an important trade with another group of people.
Communication was also essential in their endeavor to discover and occupy new places. They
needed a way to communicate with the natives of the areas they visited to as facilitate trade and prevent
possible conflicts. Record keeping was also important since they needed to remember the place they had
been to and document the trades they made with each other. It was also vital to keep record of their
history as culture so they could establish their identities as they tried relate with other cultures and
civilizations.
The increase in size and number of nations increased demand for food and other basic necessity.
They condition also implied that people must be able produce food at a given time and space since
resources with getting scarcer as more people struggled to share the basic necessities. The people thus
needed a form of technology that would enable them to increase food supply and other survival needs
without them traveling more or working is harder.
Weapons and armor were important as well in discovery of new pieces on the establishment of
new alliances with other tribe. At that time, there was always a risk of conflict when people met other
tribes. At the time, there was always a risk of conflict when people met others with different cultures and
orientations. Conflicts were common specifically of different group struggled to commercial vital
resources. Strongest nations tended to invade weaker one so they could take much needed resources. As
much, that development of weapons and armors for security and production was considered a major
achievement.
A primary challenge they found was the conservation of life. The early people … have been
successful in producing the rich resources that the world could provide, but their survival posed a great
problem.
Different illnesses and diseases, both natural and man-made, improved the full potential of a
human being. Given their predicament, science and technology played a major role in the discovery of
the cures, if not the prevention of, illnesses.
Moreover, in other is integrate their needs—for better transportation, establishments or structures
for protection from human attacks and natural disaster, and constructions of bigger and stronger
infrastructure—people created into what is also known as the field of engineering. The development in
this field allowed humans to build structures that would address their specific needs and wants. Some of
the structures built during the ancient ruins still exist today and continually awe people.
The development in engineering also inhered in the introduction of architecture. Other might see
architecture as a mere style, but during the ancient times, elaborate architectural designs were signs of
technological advancements of a particular civilization.
In the generations to come architecture would be considered a status symbol among nations of
how advanced their technology is. It may also established the identity of a nation.
The people were not contented on beautifying only the infrastructure and surroundings. Being
able to produce life with the mass production of food and advancement in medical technology, as well as
raise the quality of life by making complicated and difficult tasks easier , humans learn on developed the
technology to improve how they look. They discovered that people looked more visually presentable and
appealing by adding some features and decorations in their body.
With all these in mind, one can conclude that the development in science and technology, aside
from affecting the lives of the people, were the results of many prior antecedents. Out of necessity,
people in ancient time were able to discover and invent things that would impact the lives of the modern
people.
The following discussion will tackle the different major technology advancement during the
ancient times, which include some of the achievements of the early civilization such as the Sumerians,

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Babylonians, and Egyptians. It will continue to describe the gradual application of knowledge up to the
contemporary time.

SUMMERIAN CIVILIZATION
Sumerian is located on the southernmost tip of ancient Mesopotamia. Sumerians are known for
their high degree cooperation with one another and their desire for great things. They are not contented
with the basic things that life can offer. This desire pushed them to develop many things connected with
science and technology.
1. Cuneiform
One of the major contributions of the Sumerians is the development of the first writing system
known as cuneiform. It is a system that utilizes pictures and triangular symbols which are carved on clay
using wedge, instruments, and then left to dry. Cuneiform allowed the Sumerians to keep record of things
with great historical value on their everyday life.

2. Uruk City
Another important contribution of the Sumerians is the City of Uruk. It is great wonders not only
because it is considered to be the first true city in the world but also for the way it was erected. There
were no building stones in the location of this city and lumber was limited, making the construction a big
challenge. The Sumerians were able to build the city using only mud and clay from the river which they
mixed with reeds producing sun-baked bricks—a true engineering feat. They used the bricks to makes
houses that protected them from the harsh weather and to build a wall around the city that prevents wild
animals and neighboring raiders from entering.

3. The Great Ziggurat of Ur

Another engineering and architectural feat of the Sumerian is the Great Ziggurat of Ur. The
ziggurat, also known as the mountain of God.
They constructed the City of Uruk. Without much building materials, the structure was
constructed using Sun-baked bricks. The ziggurat served as the sacred place of their chief god, which
only their priests were allowed to enter. The temple showcase not only the elaborate and intricate
Sumerians architecture but also the remarkable technology used to built it. As such even until today,
people still enjoy and marvel at the preserved Great Ziggurat of Ur.

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4. Irrigation and Dikes

As population increased, so did the demand for food. The Sumerians were challenged to mass
produce food items, The elements in the environment seemed uncooperative. It was difficult to get water
from the river, thus they could not maintain farmland. Some groups had scarce water supply . while
others had problem with flooding caused by the river.
As a solution to this dilemma the Sumerian created dikes and irrigation canals to bring the water
to farmlands and at the same time created the flooding in the river. This method was considered as one of
the world’s most beneficial engineering works. Through the dikes and canals, the Sumerians were able
their food production.

5. Sailboats
Another challenge to the Sumerians was transportation. At that time, the wheel was not yet
invented: the main mode of transportation was through waterways such as river and seas. Boat were used
to carry large quantities. However, they wanted to discover faraway lands to settle since the population
was getting larger, and boats were not enough to accommodate more people and products.
They needed a mode of transportation that did not require much human resource. Some sources
attribute to the Sumerians the invention of sailboats to address their increasing demand. Sailboats were
essential in transportation and trading as well, in fostering culture, information, and technology.

6. Wheel
In the letter part of their history the Sumerian were able to invest the wheel since the specialized
tools needed to create it were already available. The first wheels were not made for transportation but for
farm work and food processes. With the use of the wheel and axle, mass production was made easier.
Farmers were able to mill grains with less effort in less time.
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7. The Plow
Another farm technology invented by the Mesopotamia is the plow. Humans evolved from being
food gatherers to farm cultivators. However, farmers needed a technology which enable them to dig
ground where seeds would be planted.
The plow was invented to dig the earth in a faster pace as the plow breaks the ground, the farmer
would just drop the seeds and farm work would already be done. With this tool, farmer could cultivate
larger parcels of land faster, enabling them mass produce food without taking so much effort and time.

8.Roads
In order to facilitate faster and easier travel the Sumerians developed the first roads. With this
work, the flow of traffic became faster and more organized. They made the roads.
The same technology they used in making the sun-baked bricks that they laid down on the ground.
They later poured bitumen, a black sticky substance similar to asphalt, to smoothen the roads. The
invention of roads was very useful especially during the rainy season when traveling in soft and muddy
roads proved to be too difficult.

BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
Babylonian civilization emerged near the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The Babylonians were great
builders, engineers and architects. One of their major contributions is the hanging gardens of Babylon,
one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.

1. Hanging Garden of Babylonia

Today, people can only marvel at the beauty of the famous Hanging Garden of Babylon from
stories of historians and painting that portray the place. It was said to be a structure made up of layers
upon layers of garden that contained several species of plants, trees, and vines. According to legends, the
Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II built the garden for his wife Queen Amytis. However, no physical
evidence has been found to prove the existence of the Hanging Garden of Babylon. Its exact location is
also unknown. Since time immemorial, people have been debating about the existence of the said
mythical place. Many said it was just a product of the creative imagination of the great king because it
lacks of documentation or archeological evidence.

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On the other hand, if it really existed, it must have been destroyed by weather, erosion, or an
earthquake. True or not, hearing the stories and description of the place would be enough to inspire as to
anyone. One can imagine the thick greenery decorated beautiful flowers coming from the different places
in the garden and the complicated design of the infrastructure. If the stories was true, the Hanging Garden
of Babylon may be considered one of the greatest engineering and architectural achievement of the world
that is almost impossible to replicate.

EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
Another earlier civilization famous for its legacy is the Egyptian civilization located in North
Africa. Many stories tell about the engineering feats of the Egyptians specially regarding the
infrastructure established by the pharaohs. Aside from engineering technology, the Egyptians have
contributed other practical things that the world now considers as essentials. It is safe to say that the
pyramids are not only contribution of the Egyptian civilization to the ancient world.
1.Paper or Papyrus
One of the earlier contributions of the Egyptian civilization was the paper or Papyrus. Although,
Egyptians was not the first to develop a system of writing, they were able to make writing easier for the
world. Before the Egyptian innovation, clay tablets were used. However, safe-keeping and transporting
them were a major problem. Clay tablet were very fragile, heavy, and delicate to handle. So bringing
them to places were a major challenge. Hence the Egyptian inventions of the paper or papyrus was a
welcome development, papyrus was a plant that grew abundantly along the Nile River in Egypt.
They were able to process the plant in order to produce thin sheets on which they could write
down things. Since papyrus was lighter and thinner than clay tablets. This invention was a major
accomplishment in Egyptian record-keeping and communications. People then were able to send letter or
correspondence anywhere in the world since the piece of paper were very light that they could be carried
and delivered by the birds. Moreover, record-keeping was no longer a problem since documents would
not take huge storage space. Therefore, it was easier to keep them away from raiders who often destroy
records of the nations they invaded.

2. Ink
When the Egyptians invaded the papyrus or the paper engraving caused to be used in writing. As
a result the Egyptians invented ink by combining soot with different chemicals to produce inks of
different colors. The ink withstand the elements of nature since it was used to record history, culture, and
codified laws. It must also be temper-process so that people could not simply tinker with those written
down by authorities.

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3. Hieroglyphics
Like the Sumerians, the Egyptians also developed a system of written using symbols, known as
hieroglyphics although some say that hieroglyphics was adapted from early writing system established in
Mesopotamia as a result of trade between civilizations, the Egyptians believed that this writing system
was provided to their gods. This form of writing can still be seen today and remains to be as famous as
the pyramid where they were found. Hieroglyphics was the language that tells the modern world of the
history and culture of the ancient Egyptians. Their records were well-preserved since they were carved at
the walls of pyramids and other important Egyptian structures.

4. Cosmetics
The Egyptians also invented the use of cosmetics although cosmetics in the modern times are
used to improved and highlight the features of a person, their function in ancient Egypt was for both
health and aesthetic reasons. Egyptians wore Kohl around the eyes to prevent eye diseases. Kohl was
created by mixing soot or malachite with mineral galena. Egyptians also believed that a person wearing
make-up was protected from evil and that beauty was a sign of holiness. At present, the cosmetic
industry is a booming multibillion industry.

5. Wig
Another cosmetics invention of ancient Egyptians is the wig at present, wigs are used to enchance
the appearance of people who are balding or those who want to try new hair trend Meanwhile, during the
ancient Egyptian times, wig were worn for health and wellness rather than for aesthetic purpose.
The wigs were used to protect the shaved heads of the wealthy Egyptians form the harmful rays of
the sun. Wearing a wig was better than putting on a scarf or any other head cover since a wig allowed
heat to escape. Moreover, it was considered cleaner than natural hair because it prevented the
accumulation of head lice.

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6. Water Clock/Clepsydra
Another important ancient Egyptian contribution is the water clock. The device utilizes gravity
that affects the flow of water from one vessel to the other. The amount of water remaining in the device
determines how much time has elapsed since it is full. In the process, time Is measured.
The water clock was widely used as a timekeeping device during the ancient times

GREEK CIVILIZATION
Greece is an archipelago in the southeastern part of Europe. Known as the birthplace of western
philosophy, some of the major achievements of the Greeks include in-depth works on philosophy and
mathematics. More than coliseums and the Olympics, the Greek civilization has contributed much to the
world especially in the fields of science and technology

1. Alarm Clock
One of the most utilized gadgets today that was invented by the ancient Greeks in the alarm clock
during that time did not resemble the present-day alarm clock, the purpose was just the same to tell an
individual when to stop or when to start.
The ancient Greeks alarm clock used large complicated mechanisms to time the alarm. They
made use of water that dropped into drums which sounded the alarm. Plato was believed to have utilized
an alarm clock to signal the start of his lecture. His version used four water vessels lined up vertically.
The upper vessel supplied the water which dropped to the vessel below it, which was set to be filled in a
given time. After rate into the third vessel which would cause the expulsion of contained air, creating a
whistling noise. Afterwards, this vessel would empty towards the bottom vessel for storage and reuse.

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2. Water Mill
Watermills were also considered as one of the most important contributions of the greek
civilization to the world. They were commonly used in agricultural processes like milling of grains which
was a necessary form of food processing during that time. Because milling was made possible by the use
of watermills, the mass production of rice, cereals, flours, and the like became common.
Watermills were considered between than mills powered by farm animals because they required
effort and time to operate since the farmer did not have to animals. They only required access to river or
flowing water where a mechanism of a large wheel with small “buckets” of water attached to it could be
installed.

ROMAN CIVILIZATION
The Roman Empire was perceived to be the strongest political and social entity in the west. It was
considered to the cradle of politics and governance during that period. Because the roman empire was so
large, other civilizations looked up to it as their model in terms of legislation and codified laws. Aside
from their contributions in politics, a lot of discoveries and inventions still relevant today can be
attributed to the Roman Empire.
1. News paper
One of the major contributions of the Romans is the newspaper. The first newspapers, known as
gazettes, contained announcements of the Roman Empire to the people. Before the invention of paper,
these gazettes were engraved metal or stone tablets and then publicly displayed. When paper was
invented, it became easier for the Romans citizens. Fact, with the advent of paper, minutes of the
proceedings of the roman senate were done in shorthand. These documents were edited and published on
the same day that they were record. This way, the Romans enjoyed easy access to government
information the same way we benefit from present newspapers.

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2. Bound Books or Codex

With the invention of paper, it became easier for civilizations to write down everything that
happened in that time. Record-keeping was much easier since paper did not easy to break, was
lightweight, and did not occupy much space. As result, civilizations became fond of record-keeping,
especial documenting historical events and newly legislated laws. Aside from Romans writing down
information about history and politics, literature also changed form from clay tablets to parchments of
paper. According to sources, Julius Caesar started the tradition of stacking up papyrus to form pages of a
book. Later on, they were able to provide covers to protect the papyrus. The earlier covers were made of
wax but were later on replaced by animal skin which proved to be stronger and longer-lasting. With the
papyrus pages bound together and covered by animal skin, the ancient Roman Empire was able to
produce the first books or codex.

3. Roman Architecture
Roman architecture is one of the most visual contributions of the ancient Roman Empire to the
world. Roman architecture was considered a continuation of Greek architecture, hence, the resemblance.
However, roman architecture was still regarded as pioneering since the Romans were able to adapt new
building and engineering technology on architectural designs established in the past. In this manner, they
were able to preserve great and elaborate architectural designs because they could produce sturdier and
stronger infrastructures.
The Romans were also able to creatively redesign old architectural patterns to adapt the new
trends at the time. This development in the field of engineering and architecture was fully supported and
funded by the roman government so they were able to implement major projects such as large churches.
The quality of these majestic roman structures can be seen by the way they withstood time and the harsh
element of the environment. Today, people of the world still enjoy these marvels. These structures are
proofs of ancient roman technology.

4. Roman Numerals
Although other number systems had already be established before the Roman numeral, these old
system could not keep up with high calculation requirements to the increasing rate of communication and
trade among nations. Since the Roman Empire was expanding, it had
Deal with many nations to maintain its power. For this reason, the Romans devised their own
number system specifically to address the need for a standard counting method that would meet their
increasing communication and trade concerns. Although the Roman numeral is no longer widely used

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today due to its inherent limitations, quite a number of enthusiasts would still use it over other more
population number of systems, like the Hindu-Arabic system, due to its aesthetic and historical value.

CHINESE CIVILIZATION
The Chinese civilization is considered to be the oldest civilization in Asia, if not the world. Also
known as the middle kingdom, china is located on the far east of Asia. It was famous among other
ancient civilization because of its silk trade. Not a great amount was written about ancient china partly
due to its distance from the other civilization.
Despite its less popular status among the early civilizations, one cannot discredit the significant
contributions of Chinese civilization to the world.
1. Silk
One of things that connected Far East china to the world is silk. Although silk is naturally
produced by silk worms, the Chinese were the ones who developed the technology to harvest the silk and
process it to produce paper and clothing. Silk production resulted in the creation of a product for trade.
The silk trade opened china to the outside world, making way for cultural, economic, and
scientific exchanges. It bridged the gap between the western world and the middle kingdom.

2. Tea Production
Tea is a beverage produced by pouring hot or boiling water over crushed or shredded dried tea
leaves. It was believed that the first tea was drunk by a Chinese emperor. Tea production was developed
when an unknown Chinese inventor created
A machine that was able to shred tea leaves into strips. This machine was done using a wheel-
based mechanism with sharp edges attached to a wooden or ceramic pot. Because of this invention,
Chinese were able to increase their production of tea and trade with other nations. China thus became
known for its tea exports aside from its silk products. Tea production developed by the ancient Chinese
may have resulted in making tea as one of the most popular beverages in the world today.

3. Great Wall of China

Once considered the only man-made structure that could be seen from outer space, the Great Wall
of China is said to be the largest and most extensive infrastructure that the nation built. It was constructed
to keep out foreign invaders and control the borders of china. Made with stone, brick, wood, earth, and
other materials, it showcased the extent of Chinese engineering Technology at the time.

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The structure was so massive and strong that it was said to have literally divided china from the
world. The walls construction put the nation among the pride of their land and their crowning glory.
Today, with some sections already in ruins, the Great Wall of China still continues to be a world
attraction due to its historical significance and architectural grandeur.

4. Gunpowder
The gunpowder in one of the most interesting inventions in china. Originally, it was developed by
Chinese alchemists who aimed to achieve immortality. They mixed charcoal, sulfur, and potassium
nitrate, but instead of creating an elixir of life, they accidentally invented a black powder that could
actually generate large amount of heat and gas in an instant.
Ironically, instead of prolonging life, gunpowder is widely used to propel bullets from guns and
cannons which cause countless deaths. In fact, gunpowder-propelled weapons are preferred by raiders
who plan to attack at a distance. The same weapons are also used to dissipate any attempts of invasion.
On the other hand, gunpowder is also used in fireworks during important celebrations in china.

b. MEDIEVAL/ MIDDLE AGES

The start of the middle ages was marred by massive invasions and migrations. Wars were
prevalent during this time. As such, great technology was needed in the fields of weaponry, navigation,
mass food, farm production, and health.
The wars have resulted in population decline, but during the latter part of the period, there was a
significant rise in population. Trade and commerce among nations increased, which resulted in greater
demands for transportation technology. Some of the most innovative minds came from this period.
1. Printing Press
After the Chinese developed woodblock printing, Johann Gutenberg was able to invent the
printing pressman more reliable way of printing using a cast type. He utilized wooden machines that
extracted juices from fruits, attached to them a metal impression of the letters, and pressed firmly the
cast metal into a piece of paper, which then made an exact impression on paper.
This general invention soon evolved to be the mechanical printing press which was eventually
used all over the world. The printing press was invented to address the need for publishing books that
would spread information to many people at a faster rate. This invention also made works accessible to
individuals who could not even write.

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Guntenburg Press
2. Microscope
Another invention in the middle ages is the microscope. Growing populations caused massive
migration and urbanization during the period. More and more people transferred to polluted and
populated urban areas which resulted in more people getting sick and needing medical attention. To
develop the proper medicines for illnesses, expert must understand the sickness through an investigation.
Thus, they needed a device that could magnify things invisible to the eye.
Guided by the principles used for the invention of eye glasses in earlier years, Zacharias
Janssen was able to develop the first compound microscope. With this device people were able to
observe organism that were normally unseen by the naked eye. The microscope was key in discovering
new means preventing and curing various illnesses.

3. Telescope
Since the Middle Ages was also known s the Age of Exploration, the need for nautical inventions
was high. Considering the vast and empty oceans that separated lands, ship captains needed to see far and
wide for them to navigate or to avoid dangers at sea.
The invention of the telescope, an optical instrument that helps in the observation of remote
objects, was a great help for navigators during this time. Together with the telescope, the invention of the
compass, oars, and rudders made sea travelling easier and safer.

4. War weapons
Since wars were widespread during the middle Ages, great development in the weaponry
technology also occurred. All sides must develop weaponries not only as offensive tools but also as
defensive instruments. For open-area battles, people develop cross bows and long bows so that they could
attack the enemies at long ranges, keeping themselves safe with the protection of walls and fortresses.
Armors were heavy and limited their movements. The problem was eventually solved by the invention of
the chainmail.

c. MODERN TIMES
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The booming world population during the nineteenth century onwards demanded that more goods
be produced at a faster rate. People needed efficient means of transportation to trade more goods and
cover a larger distance. Machines that required animals to operate must thus upgrade.
Faster and easier means to communicate and compute should be developed to establish
connections between and among nations. However, due to massive industrialization, the modern times
again faced more complicated problems. Food processing and medicine posed some of the bigger
challenges since health was of great concern.
1. Pasteurization
Means of production to meet the needs of the population, food preservation and food safety
became an issue. The challenge to keep manufactured food from deteriorating was greater for dairy
products, especially milk, since they usually spoiled faster. These goods needed to be consumed almost
immediately after production or they would cause illness like diphtheria, food poisoning, and typhoid
fever.Since transporting these products would also take time, it would be impossible to trade them.
Louis Pasteur, a French Biologist, Microbiologist and Chemist found a way to solve the
problem. He invented pasteurization, the process of heating dairy products to kill the harmful bacteria
that allow them to spoil faster,Through this process, milk could be stored and consumed for a longer
period. It also prevented illnesses caused by harmful bacteria. Pasteur included his works on molecular
asymmetry, fermentation and vaccination.

Pasteurization Process

2. Petroleum Refinery
Modern times demanded better means of powering homes and transportation. At people used
animal oils for generating light to illuminate their homes. However the production of animal oils could
not keep up with the demand. Faced with this concern, Samuel M.Kier was able to invent kerosene was
later on referred to as the ILLUMINATING OIL. Because it was used at first to provide lighting to
homes. After some time, it was applied for heating purposes.
The development of kerosene established the petroleum refinery industry. At present , petroleum
is widely used in powering automobiles, factories, and power plants, among others.
3. Telephone
The more people got connected by trade and exploration, the more they needed a way to easily
maintain these connections and communicate with each other in real time. Governments likewise needed
some kind of communication system which would allow them to administer their states well. Important
day- today decisions must be discussed and addressed at the fastest time possible. Development of the
telephone by Alexander Graham Bell was one of the most important inventions at the time.

4. Calculator

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Earlier version of the calculator had already been developed; circumstances in the modern times
required a faster way to compute more complicated equations. The creation of modern calculation, but
also resulted in the development of more complex processing machines like the computer.

D. PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS
Despite being considered a developing country,the Philippines also contributes to the global
advancement of science and technology. It is quite remarkable to note the ingenuity of the Filipinos
despite the lack in resources.
The Philippines is known to be one of the most vulnerable countries in terms of natural disasters.
Many of the discoveries and inventions made by the Filipinos were therefore built from indigenous
materials or created to adapt to the harsh tropical environment.
1. Salamander Amphibious Tricycle
It has become ordinary for Filipinos to convert transport vehicles into something more useful. An
example is the conversion of American military jeeps used in World War 2 into jeepneys.Another
Filipino innovation is the addition of a sidecar to a motorcycle, transforming it into a tricycle to
accommodate more passengers.

Victor Llave and his team at H2O technologies were able to invent the salamander, an
amphibious tricycle that can cross not only flooded streets but also rivers and lakes. It may also be
utilized to travel from island to island. Philippines is an archipelago, the salamander is a useful invention
that has a lot of potential.
2.Salt Lamp
One of the major needs in the Philippines, as a developing nation, is electrification. Filipinos has
resorted to using candles and kerosene lamps but they carry certain risks as they are fire hazard.
Solar power is also a welcome development but like rechargeable batteries, solar panels are too
expensive for ordinary Filipinos. A young Filipina inventor named Aisa Majeno was able to invent a
lighting system utilizes a material abundant in the Philippines saltwater. She invented the sustainable
Alternative Lighting (SALt) lamp, an environment friendly light source that runs on saltwater

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3. Medical Incubator
A common problem in the Philippines is the high mortality rate of newborn babies, Filipino
Pediatician and the first Asian woman admitted into Harvard Medical School, devised a medical
incubator made from indigenous and cheap materials which did not run on electricity.
Dr. Del Mundo’s incubator was made by placing a native laundry basket inside a bigger one. Hot
water bottles were inserted between the baskets to provide warmth and a makeshift hood to allow
circulations.
Other breakthroughs in the Philippine medicine attributed to Dr. Del Mundo include her works
on the immunization and treatment of jaundice and the BRAT diet for curing diarrhea.

4. Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap System

Dengue, a mosquito- bone viral illness, is endemic in tropical and subtropical arias, including the
Philippines. this virus is usually transmitted by Aedes aegyptic mosquito, rampant during the rainy
seasons. In 2010,the Department of science and Technology Industrial technology Development Institute
(DOST-ITDI) was able to introduce the Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap System, also known as OL
Trap.

5. EJeepney
A major innovation that changed the transportation industry in the Philippines was the
development of the jeepney. This iconic public utility vehicle was built using the military jeeps left by
the Americans after World War 11. Because of its usefulness, the jeepney dominated Philippine streets
and is considered as the primary mode of transportation of most Filipinos.
The diesel powered jeepney produces large quantities of black smoke’ and is usually contributor
of noise pollution due to its primitive exhaust system.This modern type of transportation utilizes
electricity instead of the more expensive diasel. It is environment- friendly since it does not emit any
smoke and noise.There are still more innovations and discoveries that were made in the course of history
that changed the world.

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