An Assessment: A Rhythmic Aerobic Exercise in lowering the Blood Pressure of

Late Adults

An undergraduate thesis Presented to the

Faculty of Southeast Asian College Inc.

Institute of Nursing

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Degree, Bachelor of

Science in Nursing

Presented by:

CON-413, Group 3

Abuyuan, Alyanna Joy

Bueno, Deanne Lingad, Russel
Castillejo, Joanna Camille Lucas, Jaquelyn T.
Jose, Joey Jose Medallon, Khean
Jazareno, Rechelyn B. Soro, Armando
Perez, Mark Anthony Palaypayon, Jian

October 2010

i
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Above all, we thank God almighty, who gave us the guidance and strength that we

needed every day.

We acknowledge the participation of our respondents who gave us the ideas about

this research, without them, our research would be nothing. We thank them from the

bottom of our hearts.

And also, we thank our beloved parents, and dear friends, who gave us all the

support that we needed.

We would also like to thank Amoranto fitness community for their participation

and support in this study.

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 Abstract

Title: An assessment: A Rhythmic Aerobic Exercise in lowering the Blood Pressure of Late Adults
Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of rhythmic
aerobic exercises in lowering the blood pressure of late adults. This study will give
answer to the queries of those who engaged in aerobics, particularly the late adults,. This
will serve as a future related literature for those who would conduct the same study.
Scope and Delimitation: This study was limited only on the evaluation of the effectiveness of
rhythmic aerobic exercise as an alternative measure on lowering the blood pressure of the late
adults. The research study was conducted at Sports complex of Quezon City, where aerobics
sessions was conducted, there are 15 late adult respondents in this study.
Statement of the Problem: This was attempted to answer the following question. (1). What
is the demographic profile of the respondents as to: 1.1 Age, 1.2 Sex, 1.3Rhythmic aerobics
with music, 1.4 Rhythmic aerobics without music, (2). What are the common types of rhythmic
aerobic exercises use in lowering down the blood pressure? 2.1 Dance aerobics, 2.2
Calisthenics, 2.3 Brisk Walking, 2.4 Jumping Jacks, (3). What are the benefits of rhythmic
aerobic exercises according to: 3.1 Cardiovascular System, 3.1.1 Lowers the blood pressure,
3.2 Weight Loss, 3.2.1 Body Mass Index, 3.2.2 Diet, 3.2.2.1 Salt diet, 3.2.2.2 Fat diet (4). To
determine which has the greater percentage between: 4.1 Respondents used rhythmic
exercise with music as intervention in lowering the blood pressure 4.2 Respondents used
rhythmic exercise without music as intervention in lowering the blood pressure
Related Literature: Sodium-Restricted Diet according to Roth (2008)
According to Roth (2008) Sodium is restricted diet is a regular diet in which the amount
of sodium is limited (Nutrition and diet therapy 9th edition, Ruth A. Roth). Such a diet is used to
alleviate edema and hypertension. Most people obtain far too much sodium from their diets. It is
estimated that the average adult consumes 7 grams of sodium a day. A committee of the Food
and Nutrition Board recommends that the daily intake of sodium be limited to no more than 2,300
mg, and the Board itself set a safe minimum at 500 mg/day for adults. Sodium is found in food,
water, and medicine.
According to Jeon EY et al (2009). Studied the effects of music therapy and rhythmic
exercise on quality of life, blood pressure and upper extremity muscle strength in institution-
dwelling elderly women.
Research Methodology:
The completion of this research was obtained through the use of the descriptive method.
Descriptive method of research is fact-filling with adequate and interpretation of the findings. It
describes with emphasis on what actually exist such as current conditions, practices, situations,
or any phenomena and in relation to our research, we intend to describe the collected date from
the respondents that will help us to evaluate the effectiveness of rhythmic aerobic exercise on
lowering the blood pressure of the late adults.
Descriptive research aims to determine profiles or status, assess attitudes, opinions,
view or behavior, compare and contrast characteristics of the communities, people, events and
things, and discover or test the association of two or more variables in collecting evidence for the
descriptive study (Polit and Beck, 2004). This research is a qualitative type. It is done through a
naturalistic investigation, which, according to Polit and Beck, 2004, gives emphasis in
understanding the human experiences as it is lived, through the collection and analysis of
qualitative materials that are narrative and subjective. In this study, we will investigate if rhythmic
aerobic exercise can lower blood pressure, in a naturalistic way. We will monitor our respondents’
activity by joining them in their aerobic sessions, and their blood pressure by using
sphygmomanometer.
Data Gathering Instruments: The monitoring sheets were used by the nurse researcher to
evaluate the effectiveness of rhythmic aerobic exercises in lowering the blood pressure. The
following aerobic exercises observe was dance aerobics, calisthenics, brisk walking, jumping

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jack. This was used by the researchers to monitor the respondents’ responses to aerobic
exercise in order to ensure safety. The copy of monitoring sheets can be found in the appendix
D .The illustrations of the following rhythmic exercises were observed at sports complex of
Quezon City. The research tool was a survey questionnaire which was filled out by the
respondents. The sample copy of the survey questionnaire can be found at appendix C. Survey
questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for
the purpose of gathering information from respondents. BP monitoring sheet were also used. The
purpose of the BP monitoring sheet is to monitor the blood pressure of the respondents for a
month, which will serve as the evidence of progress in the study and will help us in the evaluation
of the effectiveness of rhythmic aerobic exercise in lowering the blood pressure of late adults. The
likert scale will also be used to rank the scores, the scoring will be (5) highly effective, (4)
moderately effective, (3) slightly effective, (2) less effective, and (1) not effective. A Likert scale is
a scale commonly used in questionnaires, and is the most widely used scale in survey research.
When responding to a Likert questionnaire item, respondents specify their level of agreement to a
statement which will help us to evaluate the effectiveness of rhythmic aerobic exercise in lowering
the blood pressure of late adults.
There are 15 respondents in this study and the researchers used purposive sampling.
Purposive sampling is a form of sampling in which the selection of the sample is based on the
judgment of the researcher as to which subjects best fit the criteria of the study (Polit and Beck,
2004). This study was about the effectiveness of rhythmic aerobics, and as the researchers, we
therefore selected the respondents that best fit in the topic. We have selected 15 late adults as
the respondents, from Amoranto Sports Complex, Quezon City who engage in aerobic exercises.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT
The statistical tool and technique used to ensure a valid and systematic presentation,
analysis and interpretation of data is the percentage-frequency method. This method was used
to describe the relationship of a part to the whole. The formula in finding the percentage is the
frequency of the response, divided by the number of the respondents, multiplied by 100%.
The formula:
f P= Percentage- the percentage distribution of the respondents
P= _________ X 100% F= Frequency- the frequency distribution of the responses
N N= The total number of the respondents

Weighted Mean: This formula was used to interpret the data gathered using the likert scale, and
also to evaluate the effectiveness of rhythmic aerobic exercise on lowering the blood pressure of
the late adults.

Formula X=Efx/N
Whereas:
X = weighted mean
Efx = Sum of the product of frequency and the scores
N = total number of the respondent

Results and Findings:

Demographic Profile

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Table 4.1.1 PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY ACCORDING TO THEIR AGE
Figure 2: Age
Interpretation of Data: This figure interpreted the age of the selected respondents. The
data above shown that, 6 or 40% of the respondents are in the range of 50 – 53 years old;
5 or 33% of the respondents are in the range of 54 – 56 years old; 4 or 27% of the
respondents are in the range of 57 – 60 years old, so therefore, the greater percentage of
the respondents are 50 to 53 years old, out 15 respondents, 40 % are 50-53 years old

Table 4.1.2 PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY ACCORDING TO THEIR GENDER

Figure 3: Gender
Interpretation of Data: Figure 3 shown that out of 15 respondents, 40 % are male, while the
60% are female. Majority of the respondents are female.

Table 4.1.3 PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY ACCORDING TO USAGE OF MUSIC

Figure 4: Use of Music during Rhythmic Exercise
Interpretation of Data: Figure 3: shown the usage of music of the selected respondents. The
data above shown that 9 or 60% of the respondents are using music while engaging in aerobic
exercise, while 6 or 40% of the respondents does not use music while engaged to aerobic
exercise. Therefore, the greater percentage of the respondents is using music while engaged to
rhythmic exercise. For some reason, the researchers observed that the respondents enjoy the
music while performing the rhythmic exercise. According to Chipman, 1966, Koschak, 1975,
Leslie, 1967, and Beckett, 1990, music accompaniment has been shown to improve muscular
endurance in the performance of junior high students doing sit-ups, and in college women, doing
push-ups, in contrast, college aged males and females were able to walk further and with less
effort when exercising to music as compared to no music. According to Julie Jaffe Nagel,
identity and career choice of music can be associated to later adults.

Table 4.1.4 PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF

Figure 5: Types of rhythmic exercise
Interpretation of Data: Figure 4 shown that out of 15 respondents, 47% performed the dance
aerobics, 13% performed the calisthenics, and the 33% performed the brisk walking, while the 7%
performed the jumping jacks. Therefore, the greater percentage of the respondents performed
dance aerobics. The data can be correlated to Figure 2, that 9 out of 15 respondents are female,
who patronized the dance aerobic rhythmic exercise. Please refer to Appendix F Figure 5 shown
many female performed dance aerobic rhythmic exercise.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RHYTMIC AEROBIC EXERCISE:

A. Weight Loss
How effective is the chosen rhythmic exercise in normalizing body weight after series of
rhythmic exercise:( using the Likert scale with the verbal interpretation as 5 is highly
effective, 4 is moderately effective, 3 is slightly effective, 2 is less effective, and 1 is not
effective) the sample of the survey questionnaires is found at appendix C,

Figure 6: Decreased original body weight after consecutive exercises

Interpretation: Figure 6 shown that 8 (53%) out of 15 respondents confirmed that rhythmic
exercise is highly effective in decreasing the original body weight after consecutive exercise,
7(47%) out of 15 confirmed that it is moderately effective. In weight loss as evidenced by the tight
clothes that tend to loosen up, 7(47%) out of 15 respondents confirmed that it is highly effective,
6(40%) out of 15 confirmed that it is moderately effective, and 2(13%) out of 15 confirmed that it
is slightly effective. This was also parallel to monitoring sheets (BMI and BP)

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Weighted Mean for Figure 6
Figure 6.1 It decreases your original body weight after consecutive exercise
X = (5x8) + (4x7) + (3x0) + (2x0) + (1x0) / 15
= 40 + 28 + 0 + 0 +0 / 15
= 68/15 = 4.533 moderately effective in losing weight
Interpretation : Based on the statistical treatment using percent frequency method, rank 5 got
53% (8 out of 15 respondent) which is the highest, rank 4 got 47% (7 out of 15 respondents)
which is the lowest percentage. However rank 3, 2 and 1 got 0% (0 out of 15 respondents).

Figure 6.2 Tight clothes commonly used during the rhythmic exercise tends to loosen
X = (5x7) + (4x6) + (3x2) + (2x0) + (1x0) / 15
= 35 + 24 + 6 + 0 +0 / 15
= 65/15 = 4.333 moderately effective in weight loss as evidenced by tight clothes that tend to
loosen up
Interpretation : Based on the statistical treatment using percent frequency method, rank 5 got
47% (7 out of 15 respondent) which is the highest, rank 4 got 40% (6 out of 15 respondents)
which is the second to the highest, and rank 3 got 13% which is the lowest percentage. However
rank 1 and 2 got 0% (0 out of 15 respondents).

Figure 6.3 Body fats loosen up

X = (5x8) + (4x3) + (3x4) + (2x0) + (1x0) / 15
= 40 + 12 + 12/ 15
=64/15 = 4.266 moderately effective in weight loss as evidenced body fats that tends to loosen
up
Interpretation : Based on the statistical treatment using percent frequency method, rank 5 got
53%(8 out of 15 respondents), which is the highest, rank 3 got 27% (4 out of 15 respondents)
which is the second to the highest. While rank 4 got 20% (3 out of 15 respondents) which is the
lowest percentage. However rank 1 and 2 got 0%(0 out of 15 respondents)

B. Diet
Figure 7: Low Sodium Diet
Interpretation: Figure 7 shown that 11(73%) out of 15 respondents confirmed that in
lowering the blood pressure along with the rhythmic exercise, lessening the use of
oriental seasonings such as soy sauce, salts, fish sauce, and MSG is highly effective, 4( 27%)
out 15 confirmed that it is moderately effective. In eliminating the junk foods, 15 or
100% of the respondents confirmed that it is highly effective. 15 or 100% of the
respondents also confirmed that it is also highly effective in lessening the consumption
of dried fish. According to Dickenson et al (2009) Reducing the intake of salts from the diet may
improve the health of blood vessel, with the effects going beyond blood
pressure benefits, says a new study. Numerous scientist are convinced that high salt intake is
responsible for increasing blood pressure (hypertension), a major risk factor for
cardiovascular disease (CVD)- a condition that causes almost 50 per cent of deaths in
Europe. Pease refer to the monitoring sheets which can be found on the Appendix D,
indicating the clients who lowered down the blood pressure

Weighted mean for Figure 7

Figure 7.1 The use of oriental seasonings such as soy sauce, salts, fish sauce, and MSG are
lessen, in lowering down the blood pressure
X = (5x11) + (4x4) + (3x0) + (2x0) + (1x0) / 15

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 = 55+ 16 + 0 + 0 +0/15
= 71/15 = 4.733- moderately effective in lessening the use of oriental seasonings like soy
sauce, salts, fish sauce, and MSG
Interpretation: Based on the statistical treatment using percent frequency method, rank 5 got
73%(11 out of 15 respondents) which is the highest, rank 4,3,2,1 got 0%(0 out of 15 respondents)

Figure 7.2 The consumption of junk foods are totally eliminated in lowering down the blood
pressure
X = (5x15) + (4x0) + (3x0) + (2x0) + (1x0) / 15
= 75/15 = 5- highly effective in eliminating the junk foods in the diet
Interpretation : Based on the statistical treatment using percent frequency method, rank 5 got
100%(15 out of 15 respondents)which is the highest, rank 4,3,2,1 got 0%(0 out of 15
respondents).

Figure 7.3 The periodic eating of dried fish is lessen to prevent high blood pressure
X = (5x15) + (4x0) + (3x0) + (2x0) + (1x0) / 15
75 / 15 = 5-
Interpretation : Based on the statistical treatment using percent frequency method, rank 5 got
100%(15 out of 15 respondents)which is the highest. However rank 4,3,2,1 got 0%(0 out of 15
respondents) .

Figure 8: Low Fat Diet

Interpretation :Figure 8 shown that 10 (67%) out of 15 confirmed that in lowering the blood
pressure, lessening the consumption of fatty foods like the skin on the chicken and fats and the
pork meat is highly effective, 5( 33%) out 15 respondents confirmed that it is moderately effective.
In the consumption of fats like butter, 9 (60%) out 15 respondents substitutes their butter with
marmalades or jam, while 4 (27%) confirmed that in lowering the blood pressure, lessening these
is moderately effective, while 2(13%) confirmed that it is slightly effective.
In choosing cooking oil, 11 (73%) out of 15 confirmed that it is highly effective to use
vegetable oil, while 4( 27%) confirmed that it moderately effective.
Weighted Mean for Figure 8

Figure 8.1 In eating chicken and pork meat, skin and adipose tissues are not consumed
X = (5x 10) + (4x5) + (3x0) + (2x0) + (1x0) / 15
= 50 + 20 + 0 +0 + 0 /15
= 70/15 = 4.666- moderately effective in lessening the consumption of fats in meat and skin in
the chicken
Interpretation : Based on the statistical treatment using percent frequency method, rank 5 got
67%( 10 out of 15 respondents) which is the highest, rank 4 got 33% ( 5 out of 15 respondents )
which is lowest percentage. However rank 3, 2 and 1 got 0% (0 out of 15 respondents).

Figure 8.2. In eating toasted bread, butter is substituted with marmalade or jam
X = (5x9) + (4x4) + (3x2) + (2x0) + (1x0) / 15
= 45+ 16 + 6 / 15
= 67 / 15 = 4.666- moderately effective in lessening the consumption of fats like butter
Interpretation : Based on the statistical treatment using percent frequency method, Rank 5 got
60% ( 9 out of 15 respondents) which is the highest, Rank 4 got 27% ( 4 out of 15 respondents)
which is the second to the highest, Rank 3 got 13% ( 2 out of 15 respondents) which is the lowest
percentage. However rank 2 and rank 1 got 0% ( 0 out of 15 respondents).

Figure8.3. In choosing cooking oil, it is best to use vegetable oil

X = (5x11) + (4x4) + (3x0) + (2x0) + (1x0) / 15

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 = 55 + 16 / 15
= 71/ 15 = 4.733 moderately effective in slecting cooking oil
Interpretation : Based on the statistical treatment using percent frequency method, Rank 5 got
73% ( 11 out of 15 respondents) which is the highest, Rank 4 got 27% (4 out of 15 respondents)
which is the lowest. However rank 3, 2 and 1 got 0% ( 0 out of 15 respondents).

Figure 9: Benefits of Rhythmic

Interpretation: Figure 9 shown that 8 (53%) out of 15 respondents confirmed that rhythmic
exercise is highly effective in relieving the head and nape pain, 4(27%) out of 15 confirmed that it
is moderately effective, and 3(20%) out 15 confirmed that it is slightly effective. In regularizing the
eight hours sleeping time, 8(53%) out of 15 respondents confirmed that it is highly effective, and
7(47%) out of 15 confirmed that it is moderately effective. In lessening the dizziness, 9(60%) out
of 15 respondents confirmed that it is highly effective, and 6(40%) out of 15 confirmed that it is
moderately effective. In attaining the warm body temperature during the rhythmic exercise, 7
(47%) out of 15 respondents confirmed that it is highly effective, 5(33%) confirmed that it is
moderately effective, and 3(20%) out of 15 confirmed that it is slightly effective.In normalizing the
pulse rate, (53%) out of 15 respondents confirmed that it is highly effective, (27%) out of 15
confirmed that it is moderately effective, and 3(20%) out 15 confirmed that it is slightly effective.

Weighted Mean for Figure 9

Benefits of rhythmic Exercise
Figure 9.1. It tends to relieve head and nape pain
X = (5x8) + (4x4) + (3x3) + (2x0) + (1x0) / 15
= 40 + 16 + 9 / 15
= 65 / 15 = 4.333 moderately effective in relieving head and nape pain
Interpretation: Based on the statistical treatment using percent frequency method, Rank 5 got
53% (8 out of 15 respondents) which is the highest, Rank 4 got 20% (4 out of 15 respondents)
which is second to the highest, and Rank 3 got 20% (3 out of 15 respondents) which is the
lowest. However rank 2 and 1 got 0% (0 out 15 respondents).

Figure 9.2 It regularize the eight hours sleeping time

X = (5x8) + (4x7) + (3x0) + (2x0) + (1x0) / 15
= 40 + 28 /15
= 68/15 = 4.533 Moderately Effective in regularizing the eight hours sleeping time
Interpretation : Based on the statistical treatment using percent frequency method, Rank 5 got
53% ( 8 out of 15 respondents) which is the highest, Rank 4 got 47% ( 7 out of 15 respondents)
which is the lowest. However rank 3, 2 and 1 got 0% ( 0 out of 15 respondents).

Figure 9.3 It lessens the dizziness

X = (5x9) + ( 4x6) + ( 3x0) + (2x0) + (1x0) /15
= 45 + 24/ 15
= 69/15 = 4.6- moderately Effective in lessening the dizziness
Interpretation : Based on the statistical treatment using percent frequency method, Rank 5 got
60% (9 out of 15 respondents) which is the highest, Rank 4 got 40% (6 out of 15 respondents)
which is the lowest. However rank 3, 2 and 1 got 0% ( 0 out of 15 respondents).

Figure 9.4 It attains the warm body temperature

X = (5x7) + (4x5) + (3x3) + (2x0) + (1x0) / 15
= 35 + 20 + 9 / 15
= 64 / 15 = 4.266 – Moderately Effective
Interpretation : Based on the statistical treatment using percent frequency method, Rank 5 got
47% (7 out 15 respondents) which is the highest, Rank 4 got 33% ( 5 out 15 respondents) which

viii
is second to the highest, rank 3 got 20% ( 3 out of 15 respondents) which is the lowest. However
rank 2 and 1 got 0% ( 0 out of 15 respondents).

Figure 9.5 It normalizes the pulse rate

X = (5x8) + (4x4) + (3x3) + (2x0) + (1x0) / 15
= 40 + 16 + 9 / 15
=65 / 15 = 4.333 – Moderately Effective in normalizing the pulse rate
Interpretation : Based on the statistical treatment using percent frequency method, Rank 5 got
53% ( 8 out 15 respondents) which is the highest, Rank 4 got 27% (3 out 15 respondents) which
is second to the highest, rank 3 got 20% (3 out of 15 respondents) which is the lowest. However
rank 2 and 1 got 0% (0 out of 15 respondents).

Figure 10: Blood Pressure

Interpretation: The bar graph indicates the monitoring of the clients blood pressure. The color
blue represents the number of times the blood pressure lowered. The red color represents the
number of days the blood pressure was taken. The bar graph shown that the respondents who
used music during the rhythmic exercise are more likely to lower blood pressure as compared to
those who do not use music.

Figure 11: BMI Monitoring Sheet

Interpretation: the bar graph indicates the following results:
The color blue represents the Body Mass Index Results of the Clients before the
monitoring, dated July 27, 2010. The color red represents the Body Mass Index of
the clients after the monitoring, dated September 14, 2010.

Conclusion and Recommendations:

5.1.The demographic profile of the respondents as to:

5.1.1 Age: Based on the interpretation of data, the greater majority of the
respondents are age 50 to 53 years old, which can found on Figure 1, page 38

5.1.2 Gender: As to gender, Figure 2, page 39 ncluded that the greater percentage of the
respondents are female

5.1.3 Rhythmic aerobics with music: the greater percentage (60%) of the
respondents used music during the rhythmic exercise

5.1.4 Rhythmic aerobics without music: the lesser percentage (40%) of the
respondents who do not use music during the rhythmic exercise
Based on the demographic profile of the respondents, it was concluded that the
respondents’ ages 50 to 53 years old, and mostly are female, and 60% of the
respondents used music during the rhythmic exercise. The researchers confirmed that
they are more focused, relaxed, and having fun during the execution of the rhythmic
exercise. The Appendix E would illustrate that the respondents are happy and having fun
during the rhythmic exercise. According to Chipman, 1966, Koschak, 1975, Leslie,
1967, and Beckett, 1990, music accompaniment has been shown to improve muscular
endurance in the performance of junior high students doing sit-ups, and in college
women, doing push-ups, in contrast, college aged males and females were able to walk
further and with less effort when exercising to music as compared to no music. According
to Julie Jaffe Nagel, identity and career choice of music can be associated to later adults.

5.2. Common types of rhythmic aerobic exercises use in lowering down the blood

ix
pressure. With the use of a survey questionnaire and ranking the result using the percent-
frequency method, it is found on figure 5 page 48 and concluded the following statement:

5.2.1 Dance aerobics: the greater percentage (47%) of the respondents performed
dance aerobics. It was because the greater majority of the respondents are 50 to 53
years old and mostly female; these respondents are having fun dancing with the music. These
are documented using the monitoring sheets which are found on Appendix D,
and Appendix E, and Appendix F, that the researchers enjoyed observing the
respondents during the data gathering.

5.2.2 Calisthenics: the lesser percentage (13%) of the respondents performed

calisthenics. Those respondents cannot endure the dance aerobics due to their personal
preference they joined the calisthenics group, they also found enjoying the rhythmic
exercise.

5.2.3 Brisk Walking: the lesser percentage (33%) of the respondents performed brisk
walking. Those respondents cannot endure the dance aerobics and calisthenics and they
settled
on brisk walking, It was documented on Appendix D that these people do not want to
join the other participants

5.2.4 Jumping Jacks: the lesser percentage (7%) of the respondents performed jumping
jacks. One and only respondent settled to do jumping jacks, and happy performing it
alone. It was concluded that dance aerobic exercise (47%) was highly effective
rhythmic aerobic exercise, calisthenics (13%) slightly effective, brisk walking ( 33%)
moderately effective, and jumping jacks(7%) not effective rhythmic aerobic exercise
for late adult respondents.

5.3 The benefits of rhythmic aerobic exercises according to:

5.3.1 Cardiovascular System: this was concluded with the use of the research tool
survey questionnaire, with the Likert scale (using the verbal interpretation) which is found
on Figure 8 and the monitoring sheets Figure 9 and 10.

5.3.1.1 Lowers the blood pressure: this was concluded in figure 9, and was
found out that most of the respondents lowered down their blood pressure.
The bar graph indicates the blood pressure of the respondents which is
monitored for 15 days, and it was found out that majority of the 15 respondents
lowered down their blood pressure after the rhythmic exercise which has been
documented in the monitoring sheets of the 15 respondents. This is according to
the researchers monitoring sheets from Appendix D of the manuscript.

5.3.2 Weight Loss: using the survey questionnaire and interpretations of data and the
results of findings, figure 5, 6, and 7 and BMI monitoring sheet figure 10 concluded
that BMI and Nutritional diet was moderately effective in lowering down the blood
pressure.
5.3.2.1 Body Mass Index: using the BMI Monitoring sheet, figure 10, and Appendix D
concluded that rhythmic exercise is moderately effective on weight loss. The researchers
monitored the respondents from July 27, 2010 up to September 14, 2010, and it was
found out that rhythmic exercise is moderately effective in weight loss.

5.3.2.2 Nutritional diet: using the survey questionnaire Figure 5, 6, and 7,

x
it was concluded that the Nutrional Diet such as Low sodium and Low fat was associated in
lowering down the blood pressure. According to Ruth A. Roth sodium – restricted diet is a regular
diet in which the amount of sodium is limited (Nutrition and diet therapy 9th edition, Ruth A.
Roth). Such a diet is used to alleviate edema and hypertension. Most people obtain far too much
sodium from their diets.

5.3.2.2.1Low sodium diet: Figure 5, 6, and 7 concluded that the greater majority of the
respondents( 11 out of 15) lessened the use of oriental seasonings such as soy sauce,
salts, fish sauce, and MSG is highly effective on lowering down the blood pressure.

5.3.2.2.2 Low fat diet: using survey questionnaire, figure 5, 6, and 7, it was
concluded that on lowering the blood pressure, lessening the consumption of fats
is highly effective. The greater majority of the respondents ( 10 out of 15) do not
consume fats and skin when eating pork and chicken, the lesser majority ( 11out
of 15) patronized the use of vegetable oil rather than fat oils, in eating toasted
bread, it is suggested to substitute butter with marmalade or jam.

5.4. To determine which has the greater percentage between:

5.4.1 Respondents used rhythmic exercise with music as intervention in lowering
the blood pressure: it was concluded that Using Appendix D, figure 9, the respondents
( 60%)who used music during the rhythmic exercise has a greater percentage and are
more likely to lower their blood pressure

5.4.2 Respondents used rhythmic exercise without music as intervention in lowering the
blood pressure: it was concluded that the respondents who do not use music (40%)
during the exercise are less likely to lower their blood pressure compared to those who
used music during the rhythmic exercise

Recommendation:
It was recommended for later adults with high blood pressure to have a regular rhythmic aerobic
exercises preferably dancing, calisthenics, and brisk walking. It is moderately effective in lowering
down the blood pressure. Moving on choices of music would encourage pursuing the rhythmic
aerobic exercise as it was found out that it was fun and enjoyable when I t is done with the
preferred music. According to Julie Jaffe Nagel (1988), identity and career choice of music
can be associated to later adults

Health Teaching:
Low fat and low sodium diet is recommended for the late adults, in order to maintain a normal
blood pressure. Our normal blood pressure is 120/80.blood pressure above 120/80 is considered
pre-hypertension. Blood pressure above 140/100 is considered hypertension. (Koshier 8th
edition 2008)
Monitor blood pressure before and after the exercise.
For late adults, it is best to start the exercise gradually, to avoid injury.

Table of Contents

Front Page-----------------------------------------------------------------------i

xi
Acknowledgement------------------------------------------------------------ ii

Abstract-------------------------------------------------------------------------iii

Table of contents------------------------------------------------------------- iv

Approval Sheet-----------------------------------------------------------------v

Chapter I

1.1 Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------------------1

1.2 Background of the study------------------------------------------------------------2

1.3 Statement of the Problem-----------------------------------------------------------3

1.4 Significance of the study-----------------------------------------------------------4

1.5 Scope and the limitation------------------------------------------------------------4

1.6 Theoretical Framework-----------------------------------------------------------5-6

1.7 Conceptual Framework-------------------------------------------------------------7

1.8 Definition of Terms--------------------------------------------------------------8-10

Chapter II – Review of Related Literature----------------------------------------------------11

2.1 Local Literature ----------------------------------------------------------------11-18

2.2 Foreign Literature----------------------------------------------------------------19-33

xii
Chapter III- Methods and its Procedure--------------------------------------------------------34

3.1 Method used in the study-----------------------------------------------------------34

3.1.1 Research design uses quantitative method----------------------------34

3.2 Data Gathering Instrument --------------------------------------------------------35

3.3 Statistical Treatment of the study----------------------------------------------36-37

Chapter IV

4.1 Results and Findings ------------------------------------------------------------38-55

Chapter V

5.1 Conclusion and ------------------------------------------------------------------56-61

5.2 Recommendation--------------------------------------------------------------------62

5.3 Reference-------------------------------------------------------------------------63-65

5.4 Appendix A (Letter of Approval) ------------------------------------------------66

5.5 Appendix B (Letter of Request) --------------------------------------------------67

5.6 Appendix C (survey Questionnaire) ------------------------------------------68-69

5.7 Appendix D (Monitoring Sheet) ----------------------------------------------70-84

5.8 Appendix E (The Rhythmic exercise conducted at Amoranto stadium) 85-87

5.9 Appendix F (Documentation: at Amoranto Stadium) ---------------------88-90

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6.0 Appendix G (Curriculum Vitae-----------------------------------------------91-101

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