Quaegebeur, Documents Concerning A Cult of Arsinoe Philadelphos at Memphis 1

Documents concerning a Cult of Arsinoe Philadelphos at Memphis
Author(s): Jan Quaegebeur

Source: Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 30, No. 4 (Oct., 1971), pp. 239-270
Published by: The University of Chicago Press
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/543150
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JOURNAL OF
Near Eastern Studies

OCTOBER 1971 ? VOLUME 30 ? NUMBER
EIGHTY-EIGHTH YEAR
DOCUMENTS CONCERNING A CULT OF ARSINOE

PHILADELPHOS AT MEMPHIS*
JAN QUAEGEBEUR, Seminar of Egyptology, University of Louvain
IN a paper entitled "Ptol6m'e II en adoration devant Arsino6

I discussed two representations of Ptolemy II in ritual posture before the
II: bas-relief British Museum No. 1056 and stele Moscow No. 5375.1 In a fa
appendix to that article I listed all the published hieroglyphic inscrip
me in which the name of Arsinoe II appears, close to fifty cases in all. Th
(Nos. I, II, IX),2 occasionally cited in modern works and included in m
Nos. 17, 18, and 24,3 belong to members of the indigenous Memphite
witness to a cult of Arsinoe Philadelphos at Memphis.
Through further research on this cult after the termination of the
paper I have become aware that this body of evidence could be conside
There is, first of all, a published demotic text which fell outside the scop
study (= No. XI). We also notice Arsinoe's name in hieroglyphs in a num
tions cited in more recent literature on the Memphite clergy and which I
(= Nos. III, V, X). In some hieroglyphic texts Arsinoe is designated s
cult-name 7 7LA8EA OS = t: mr-sn (= Nos. IV, VI, VII, VIII) but the pas
was in most instances not seen in this light.
To this dossier can yet be added a passage from an unpublished stel
(= No. XIII) and one from a little-known demotic stele in Vienna of
inadequate and incomplete edition exists (= No. XII).
Finally, I am able to complete this list of documents with an unpublishe
to which Professor H. de Meulenaere drew my attention because of the pe
of the name Arsinoe. Through the courtesy of Dr. George R. Hughes a
* My sincere thanks are due to Professor H. de 1 BIFAO, LXIX (1970), 191-217.
Meulenaere and to Professor J. Vergote who very 2 The Roman numerals refer to the passages
kindly discussed various points with me and who annexed at the ends of this paper (P1. I).
read this paper in manuscript. My friend P. Van 3 Under these numbers in the appendix (cited
Dessel translated the text from the Dutch. further as App.) will be found the bibliographical
data on the documents in question.
239
PLATE I
F 4 Mick QU Ot 1 114 6t r 4^# W
it,,1 4 1 ---
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13 rl 1 0 (I1 Vkt`~~
3 ~-~h~R nit~, oIr~mg o Qq=7lTI t~
TEXTS CONCERNED WITH A CULT OF ARSINOE PHILADELPHOS
A CULT OF ARSINOE PHILADELPHOS AT MEMPHIS 241
H. Swift, Director and Curator, respectively, of the Oriental Institute in C

the document in question now rests, I am able to publish it here for
(= No. XIV).
Before subjecting the relevant excerpts from these documents to an analytic and
synthetic study I would like to (1) run over what so far has been written on this Memphite
cult, (2) assemble the available data on other localities where Arsinoe was incorporated
into existing Egyptian cults, whereby mention will also be made of the principal Hellen-
istic contributions to her worship, and (3) illuminate the Memphite milieu in which this
cult lived.
As early as 1852 Lepsius, solely on the basis of hieroglyphic texts, pointed out the
existence of the cult of Arsinoe in Memphis.4 W. Otto, who then was able to draw on
the collection of "Historisch-biographische Inschriften" in H. Brugsch's Thesaurus,s
wrote in this connection in his Priester und Tempel: "Ein eigener, dem dgyptischen Kult
angeh6render Tempel der Arsinoe Philadelphos liisst sich dann in Memphis nachweisen,
und zwar vom dem Ende der 60er Jahre des 3. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. bis in die Zeit des
Neos Dionysos (also 1. Jahrhundert v. Chr.), er hat also wohl bis zum Sturz des ptole-
miischen Herrschaft bestanden."6 Greek sources which can be linked with certainty
to this cult have not yet come to light.' E. Kiessling, whose study of "Die G6tter von
Memphis in griechisch-r6mischer Zeit" is based almost exclusively on ancient authors
and papyrological material, can point to only one demotic text, Cairo No. 31099, in
which mention is made of a "Schreiber des Ptah und der Arsinoe Philadelphos (?)."8
A copy of this text, originally edited by W. Spiegelberg (see No. XI), had already ap-
peared in Brugsch's Thesaurus and is also cited by W. Otto.9 S. Sauneron, when dealing
with the cult of Arsinoe in his important article "Nouveau document relatif a la divinisa-
tion de la Reine ArsinoB II," confines himself to repeating W. Otto's view: "' Memphis,
nous la (sc. Arsinod) trouverons adorde jusqu'au temps des derniers Ptolemees," and
refers to the same texts, of which those in hieroglyphs had in the meantime been included
by H. Gauthier in his Livre des Rois de l'Egypte, IV, 241-44.10 Thus after W. Otto
4 R. Lepsius, Ueber einige Ergebnisse der dgypti-
I3. K]AIMr.B[AI1AIZZH AP].1NOH N[
8chen Denkmiiler fur die Kentnisse der Ptolemder-
geschichte ("Abhandl. k6n. Akad. Wiss. Berlin" 1852 asked J. Bingen whether this inscription could
contain a dedication to Arsinoe II. He was so kind
[Berlin, 1953]), pp. 500-2.
5 H. Brugsch, Thesaurus Inscriptionum Aegyp-as to give us the following opinion: The proposed res-
tiacarum, V (Leipzig, 1891). torations are untenable: 7r6Atov (1. 2): the very
existence of this word is unlikely (Preisigke, W6rter-
6 W. Otto, Priester und Tempel in hellenistischen
buch, II [1927], col. 435); Arsinoe (1. 3) cannot, at
Aegypten, I (Leipzig-Berlin, 1905), pp. 349-50.
7 Of Memphite origin, however, is a Hellenisticthis time, be a dative (one would expect iota adscrip-
head, presumably representing Arsinoe II; cf. R. tum) but an accusative would be possible. Presum-
ably, in view of the accusative, we have a base here
Tefnin, "La tete B 161 du Mus6e de Mariemont. Un
rather than an architrave. The king mentioned can
portrait d'Arsino6 II ?" L'Antiquit4 Classique, XXXVI
be any monarch from Ptolemy Philopator onwards
(1967), 87-98. Flinders Petrie published a fragmentary
(cf. .Eo'). Thus the text can, e.g. be restored as
inscription (Memphis, I [London, 1909], 14 with P1.follows:
XLV) containing the name Arsinoe which would
have been affixed to the architrave of the gate added
1. [B]AZIAEY[Z IHT]OA[EM]AOZ O[EOZ
to the eastern side of the precinct of Ptah. It has been
2. ]BAZIA[EA IITOAEM]AION TO[
rather generally accepted that the inscription bears
on Ptolemy IV (see e.g. Porter-Moss, Topographical 3. K]AI B[A2IAlE2AN AP].INOHN[
Due to its severely fragmented state the text cannot
Bibliography, III, 220). The re-edition in F. Preisigke,
Sammelbuch, I (Strassburg, 1915), No. 2098, repro- be interpreted with certainty.
duces Sayce's restoration of the text and is not critical. 8 Archiv fiUr Papyrusfor8chung, XV (1953), 38.
We repeat it here with diacritical marks: 9 W. Otto, loc. cit. = Brugsch, op. cit., pp. 889-96,
esp. p. 892.
1. [B]AZIAEY[E IT]OA[EM]AIOZ &[E 10 BIFAO, LX (1960), 94. Note by n. 9: Thes.
2. ]BAZIA[EDZE TO IHY]AION TO[ V, p. 903 = Livre 243 T; add Livre 241J.
242 JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES
they were no longer studied as a whole. Yet in 1956 there ap

each other, two publications11 in which next to previously kno
belonging to highly placed priests of Memphis, were discussed;
these priests were also in charge of the cult of the deified Arsi
literature, therefore, this cult was an established fact. Con
that Gabriella Longega, in her recent study of Arsinoe II, r
cult at Memphis.12
From the Mendes stele, 11. 13-14,13 we know that Ptolemy II,
of Arsinoe II in 270 B.C., issued a decree that a cult-statue of the deified Arsinoe was
to be erected in all the temples of Egypt. In other words, she was adopted as uvvaos r OEd14
of the local chief god in all Egyptian temples. The hieroglyphic evidence informs us
that Arsinoe was incorporated into the local college of deities at Alexandria-Canopus
(App. No. 6), Mendes (App. Nos. 8 and 13), Pithom (App. No. 9), Phacousa (App. No.
14), Tanis (App. Nos. 15 and 25), Pharbaitos (App. No. 15b), Karnak (App. No. 26),
and Philae (App. No. 43), and that she was identified with Isis at Sais (App. No. 19)
and Macsara (App. No. 20), that she was worshiped at Taposiris, presumably alongside
Osiris (App. No. 7), and that cult-statues could be found at Heliopolis (App. No. 1),
Pithom (App. No. 3), Coptos (App. No. 4), and Thebes (App. No. 5). In the Pithom stele
mention is also made of a temple dedicated to Arsinoe in a port situated at the northern
point of the Red Sea, which received the name Arsinoe.15 The relevant passage kd.tw
hw.t-ntr n mr.t-sn.f (sic), sch'.f ntr.w-sn.w im should, in my opinion, be translated as
follows: "a temple was built for (Arsinoe) Philadelphos, he had (statues of) the brother-
gods erected there."'16 Greek sources also show that Arsinoe was incorporated into
Egyptian cultus. As is apparent from P.Grenf. I, p. 24, she was still worshiped alongside
Month at Hermonthis in 149/8 B.C.: o LEpE[ZS] 5] 70'o0 5v 'E[p 'wv6Ea] 7r g7 C(fiat8os) Ep[or]
6- 7'oI M]v[O ......V KaZ ^pa[[v'7~s] 7J K[a( GOEW]v [&3EA2]v Kal 6OE^[v EEp] 81 y[E]}7-V KrA.17 In
11 E. Otto, "Eine memphitische Priesterfamilie city called Arsinoe mentioned in Strabo, XVII 1,
des 2. Jh. v. Chr.," ZAS, LXXXI (1956), 109-29. W. 25-26, and Diodorus, I 33, 9; III 39, 1. Sethe, in
Peremans-E. Van 't Dack, Prosopographia Ptole- Urk. II, 100, read nsw instead of sn and speaks of a
city called Ptolemais. If we compare the text with
maica. III, Le clergd, le notariat, les tribunaux ("Studia
Hellenistica" 11 [Louvain, 1956]), section "Les the end of 1. 23, where mention is made of the
grands-pretres de Memphis et de L6topolis," pp. 47 founding
ff., of Ptolemais (Theron), we can wonder
passim; the hieroglyphic and demotic materialwhether was the Egyptian text makes it sufficiently
worked in by H. de Meulenaere (= PP III). clear that this city was indeed named after Arsinoe.
12 Gabriella Longega, Arsinoe II ("Univ. di
Padova. Pubbl. Istituto di Storia Antica" VI [Rome, Should not
s3.t-nsw) 1. 21 beItread:
Ptwlmjs? seemshrhardly
rn wr likely,
n s.-Rchowever,
(in lieu of
1968]). A very incomplete list of cult localities can that the temple in question would have been dedicated
be found on p. 114. to (Ptolemy) Philadelphos.
13 Sethe, Uric. II, 41: wd.n hm.f r shc. s8mw.s m 16 B. Bruyere, op. cit., p. 17, offers the imprecise
hw.t-ntr nb, nfr 4r ib n hm.w-ntr.sn ... nbj(.w) chm.w.s
rendering: "(et y fonda une grande cite pour sa soeur
m sp:.t nb = "his majesty ordered to erect her statues
Arsinoe) avec un temple dedi6 aux deesses qui
in every temple, this was pleasing to their priests ...
l'aiment et orne des statues des dieux Philadelphes."
her cult-statues were made in each nome." Compare
E. Naville's interpretation in ZAS, XL (1902), 72 and
the text on a triad of black granite, Alexandria No.
in The Store-city of Pithom (EEF, 1903), p. 20: "a
11261, 1. 25; S. Sauneron, art. cit., p. 90: "... (il sacred abode was built likewise to his sister (Philo-
n'est pas de temple?) vide de son nom, en tout pays." tera)," should be rejected. I concur with G. Roeder's
14 A. D. Nock, "Tw'vaos 8Eo's," Harvard Stud. Class.
translation, Die dgyptische Gbtterwelt ("Die igyptische
Philol., XLI (1930), 1-62.
15 See the discussion of the localization and of the Religion in Texten und Bildern," I [Ziirich-Stuttgart,
1959]), p. 124: "Gebaut wurde ein Gotteshaus der
relevant literature in B. Bruyere, Fouilles de Clysma-
(K6nigin Arsinoe II), die ihren Bruder liebt (Philadel-
Qolzoum (Suez) ("FIFAO," XXVII [Cairo, 1966]),
phos). Er stellte (Statuen der) Gotter Geschwister
17-21 and map, p. 9. The attribution of the name dort auf."
Arsinoe to this city is based on the identification of
the city founded by Ptolemy II, of which mention 17 Mentioned in A. Bouche-Leclercq, Histoire des
is made in the Pithom stele, 11. 20-21, with the Lagides, III (Paris, 1906), 65, n. 3.
the Faiyum she was a'vvaos 0Ed of the crocodile-god Sbk = Zo^xog in the third centu
B.C., which is expressed in the designation EpEZs 70t) ZoVXOov KaLt 7 T-qSAaE'A0ov, "prie
Souchos and of (Arsinoe) Philadelphos." 18 A recently published text, P. Yale 46
1627), proves that Arsinoe was associated with Amon: [VEPE IS v] 21 [......] o70 'A
Kal .Apg.qVd.7
city [V], OE1[V]
or temple is meant.19 From3ja[AlEA]VaV Ka OE-v
second century ElEpy[Er-J]v;
B.C. Greek inscription however,
we further it is not known which
know that a TrEdEvOs was dedicated to her and the theoi euergetai at Ibion-Eikosipenta-
rouron (Medinet-Mridi).20 She also had a temple at Philadelphia, a foundation called
after her cult-name.20a In addition, the Faiyum was rechristened Apacvo77s vocds
and a number of towns were named after her. Outside Egypt, within the Ptolemaic
empire, where many private monuments demonstrate the popularity of her cult,21 a
good many cities, especially flourishing ports, also received her name.22 Three more
factors, important for the veneration of Arsinoe in Egypt and to be situated within
the cultural setting of Hellenism, are the construction of the Arsinoeion at Alexandria,23
the building of a small sanctuary on Cape Zephyrion, where she was identified with
Aphrodite Euploia,24 and the appointment of an eponymous priestess, called Kav7-qr pos
(dem. f)j[.t] tn nb), at Alexandria shortly after 270 and in Ptolemais from 183/2. This
priesthood is mentioned in the dating-formula in Greek and demotic documentary texts,
with the holder of the office being regularly cited by name.25 Arsinoe continued to occupy
an important individual spot in the dynastic cult, in spite of the fact that she was
worshiped together with her brother-husband under the cult-name of OEot' aSEAol both
in Greek26 and Egyptian27 cultus. Apparently none of her well-known successors-
18 P. Petrie I 25, 2, 1, and III 126, p. 315; F.
In S. Sauneron, art. cit., p. 100, n. 2, "bornes" should
be changed to "autels particuliers."
Preisigke, Berichtigungsliste, I (Berlin-Leipzig, 1922),
347.
22 G. Longega, op. cit., pp. 115-18.
19 J. F. Oates, A. E. Samuel, C. Bradford Welles, 23 Data on the A4pouvoeiov can be found in A.
Yale Papyri in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript
Calderini, Dizionario dei Nomi Geografici e Topografici
Library, I ("American Studies in Papyrology,"dell'
II Egitto greco-romano, I, 1 (Cairo, 1935), p. 94.
[1967]). In my opinion, rov is to be taken as an article
See also Giulia Ronchi, "11 papiro cairense 65445 (vv.
and not as the termination of a place-name (cf.140-154)
p. e l'obelisco di Arsinoe II," Studi classici e
128: "Priest in ...... tou, of Ammon and of Ar- orientali, XVII (1968), 56-75.
sinoe, ..."). The discussion pp. 124-25 of the Egyptian 24 On the erection of this little temple see most
cult of Arsinoe is below par. Observe that there is
recently H. Hauben, Callicrates of Samos. A Contribu-
no mention in the decree of Raphia of honorstion paidto the Study of the Ptolemaic Admiralty ("Studia
to Arsinoe II, but to Arsinoe III Philopator.Hellenistica"
The [Louvain, 1970]), pp. 42-46.
25 Cf. J. IJsewijn, De Sacerdotibus Sacerdotiisque
cited instances of her statue placed in temples, taken
Alexandri Magni et Lagidarum Eponymis ("Verhand.
from Nock (cf. supra, n. 14), are in fact inscriptions
accompanying representations in relief. kon. V1. Akad., K1. Letteren," 42 [Brussels, 1961]),
136; P. W. Pestman, Chronologie gyptienne d'apres
I would like to point out that I cannot agree with
les textes demotiques (332 av. J.-C.-453 ap. J.-C.)
the interpretation recently proposed with this passage
by D. Bonneau, "Information and Documents," Revue("Papyrologica Lugduno-Batava," XV [Leiden,
1967]), 16g and 132. A list of the names of these
d'Egyptol., XXI (1969), 157. In myviewAmon is indeed
the Egyptian god; on the band between Arsinoepriestesses
and can be found in IJsewijn, op. cit., pp. 22-
Amon. See my paper in BIFAO, LXIX (1970), 207-8. 61. For addenda see L. Koenen, Zeitschrift fiir
Papyrologie und Epigraphik, V (1970), 65-66, n. 9, to
20 E. Kiessling, "Zum Kult der Arsinoe im Fayum,"
Aegyptus, XIII (1933), 542-46; S(upplementum) be supplemented by Frangoise de Cenival, "Quelques
E(pigraphicum) G(raecum), VIII (1937), No. 535. rectifications aux noms des pretres eponymes pour l'an
20a p. Col. Zen. I 39, 14 15; P. Cairo Zen. IV 145 av. J.-C.," Revue d'Egyptol., XVII (1965), 189-91.
59745, 32; P. Mich. Zen. introd. p. 29; P. Lond. inv.
2314 (M. Rostovtzeff, A large Estate in Egypt in the 26 Cf. the eponymous priestly title iEpE1) 'AAE6dv-
cpov Kalt GEV 'AEAoCovY, consider too the Ptolemaic
Third Century B.C. [Madison, 1922] p. 69); Archiv temple in Grecian style discovered at Hermopolis
fiur Papyrusforschung, VIII (1927), 280; JEA XXXIV where Ptolemy II and Arsinoe II were also revered (see
(1948), 85. R. Tefnin, "Un portrait de la reine Be6rnice II
21 See L. Robert, "Sur un d6cret d'Ilion et un
trouv' en Egypte," L'Antiquitd Classique, XXXVIII
papyrus concernant des cultes royaux," Essays in [1969], 98-99).
Honor of C. Bradford Welles ("American Studies in27 The cited passage of the Pithom stele (Sethe,
Papyrology," I [New Haven, 1966]), 205 with n. 184. Urk. II, 100, 1. 21) speaks of cult-statues of the
Berenice II, Arsinoe III, or Cleopatra III-who also had their ow

such great favor in the Egyptian milieu, although their worshi
high authority. May it also be noted that from 263 onwards a c
the apomoira had to be spent on the needs of the cult of (Arsinoe) P
As far as Memphis is concerned, I have assembled fourteen docum
glyphic and two demotic, mentioning this local cult or containing d
Thirteen of these are private monuments which acquaint us with
of priests associated with this cult, of whom several can be situated
traditions. In all, a surprisingly large body of evidence is thu
inclined to conclude immediately that Memphis must have occup
place among the cities where Arsinoe was incorporated into Egyptia
we not attribute this wealth of documents, and consequently
situation as well, to coincidence alone ? In my opinion, prefere
this city's historical importance as a seat of government and as a re
patronized as such by the first Ptolemies.29 Indeed, Serapis, that
that was to unite Greeks and Egyptians in one and the same na
Memphite origin,30 and the new dynasty always strove to maintain
the influential high priests of Memphis.31 Names of holders of thi
merly belonged to the royal family, are known up to the end of th
ntr.w-sn.w; in the Canopus decree, too, mention

are more numerous.isReference can also be made to a
made of honors accorded to the theoiblock adelphoi (Sethe,
found at Xois, on which the ntr.w-sn.w and the
Urk. II, 133). See further the many Upper succeedingEgyptian
royal couples are mentioned as sunnaoi
temple reliefs portraying this deified theoi of Amon-Re
pair of Gw cf. Dia3 Abou Ghazi, "Two
(cf. App.
Nos. 28-32, 36). In Greek papyri and New inscriptions
Monuments Inscribed in Hieroglyphics from
we also meet with priests associated with the cult Ptolemaic Egypt," BIFAO, LXVI (1968), 165-69:
of this royal couple, worshiped alongside the local Doc. A.
deity, e.g.: P. Giss. 37, 38, and 108, passim: Movoypadosg 28 See the bibliography in S. Sauneron, art. cit.,
eoopraloa~ NEXOLivLtoE ypadwv lrap& TCv LEPEwY 7' ' p. 100, n. 2.
29 Cf. P. Jouguet, "La politique int6rieure du
'AOEpvercdlyws Kac OEcv '4ArkWV KacO OE&v Elvepyerwov premier Ptolemee," BIFAO, XXX (1931), 513-36,
K7A 7Jv wTE4V #evAwv; P. Grenf. I, p. 24 (cf. supra, p. 3);
Dittenberger, O(rientis) G(raecae) I(nscriptiones) S(elec- esp. p. 522; compare E. Will, Histoire politique du
tae) (Leipzig, 1903 [repr. 1960]), I 137, p. 218: . .. To E monde helldnistique (330-30 av. J.C., I (Nancy, 1966),
peVUL 7T779 EV (Z 7 'A#afrTp Kal Ev 0Macs "IctEko S OEa 115; C. Schneider, Kulturgeschichte des Hellenismus,
C/ylorT77S Kal OEAv 'AS-e'v Kal Oe6v E3Epyer-Ov KWA. See II (Munich, 1969), 846: "Memphis, die von den Herr-
further the references in Longega, op. cit., p. 101, n. 14. schern unterstiltzten Kultmittelpunkte."
It also appears from P. Berl. dem. 13565 that the 30 Cf. U. Wilcken, U(rkunden der) P(tolemder) Z(eit)
ntr.w-sn.w, like the theoi euergetai and philopatores, I (Berlin-Leipzig, 1927), 77-95; E. Kiessling, "La
were sunnaoi theoi of Chnum at Elephantine; cf. W. g6nese du culte de Sarapis & Alexandrie," Chron.
Spiegelberg-W. Otto, Eine neue Urkunde zu der d'Eg., XXIV (1949), 317-23; P. M. Fraser, "Two
Siegesfeier des Ptolemaios IV und die Frage der Studies on the Cult of Sarapis in the Hellenistic
igyptischen Priestersynoden ("Sitz. Bay. Akad. Wiss." World," Opuscula Atheniensia, III (1960), 1-54;
[Munich, 1926, 2]), p. 4. Idem., "Current Problems Concerning the Early
On the hieroglyphic evidence mentioning atten-History of the Cult of Sarapis," Opusc. Athen., VII
dants of this cult see H. de Meulenaere, Rivista di (1967), 23-45.
Studi Orientali, XXXIV (1959), 21, to be supple- 31 R. Remondon, "Les antis6mites de Memphis,"
mented by Idem., Oudheidk. Mededel. Rijksmus. Chron. d'Eg., XXXV (1960),-260, n. 3. An, in this
Oudh., XLIV (1963), 5-7: stele of "Teos (dd-hr), connection, interesting case was brought to our
scribe des deux dieux Philadelphes, Euergetes, attention by Mr. L. Mooren, namely Lucanus' story
Philopatores et Epiphanes A Memphis." The observa- of Akoreus, priest of the Apis at Memphis (high
priest ?), who became a member of the royal council
tion on p. 6, "Dans ces pr trises, on ne relive d'ailleurs
aucune mention des deux dieux Philadelphes; ce sontat Alexandria; cf. H. Heinen, Rom und Aegypten von
toujours les deux dieux Euergetes qui viennent en 51 bis 47 v. Chr. (diss. Tiibingen, 1966), p. 62, n. 2
tete de la liste," may be deleted as they are indeed and p. 191.
mentioned on the sarcophagus of Harmachis (my 32 A study of the high priests of Memphis has been
Text No. 3) and on the statue of Amasis, Berlin repeatedly announced by Ch. Maystre, but has never
14460 (E. Otto, art. cit., Doc. No. 4). Presumably,appeared.
the A preliminary report, "Sur les grands
data on the incorporation of the theoi adelphoi into
pretres de Ptah," can be found in JNES, VIII (1949),
Egyptian cultus, which have not yet been assembled,84-89. For the Ptolemaic era see W. Otto, Prieeter
At the beginning of the Roman era Memphis had lost but little of its importa
still calls it, ca. 25 B.c., fcoalohov v yv Alyv7-twv, "the royal residence of the
and a little further on he writes that "the city is both large and populous, ran
after Alexandria." 33 Moreover, Memphis was the most favorable soil for the
of such a cult. Next to the worship of the local divine triad-Ptah, Sekhmet, an
tern-and of a whole series of "visiting" gods-such as Anubis, Osiris, Amo
the cults of various deified native kings indeed occupied a rather important pl
among them Menes (First Dynasty), according to tradition the founder of
of Ptah, and a number of pharaohs of the Old Kingdom,34 Ramesses II,35
(Nineteenth Dynasty),36 Ramesses III (Twentieth Dynasty),37 Psammeticho
sixth Dynasty),38 and Nectanebo (Thirtieth Dynasty).39 Prominent private
such as the famous vizier and architect Imhotep, were also objects of veneratio
striking that the priests who attended to the cult of Arsinoe were often also
with the worship of deified Pharaohs. It may be assumed that, in institut
of Arsinoe, Ptolemy II, in line with the policy of his ancestors, meant to
traditions of the pharaonic era.41 When the influential high priests of Me
und Tempel, I, 204 ff., and PP III, where Imhotep,

only the the Vizier and Physician of King Zoser and
priests with the title wr-hrp-hmw of high afterwards
priest ofthe Egyptian God of Medicine (Oxford,
Memphis are to be taken into account. I hope
19282). to
A certain ih-ms-s3-Nit, a high-ranking figure
discuss the family tree of the pontiffs of under
MemphisAmasis II, is also revered as a demigod under
with my re-edition of the biographical stele
theof Peto- Dynasty; see the Memphite doorposts
Thirtieth
bastis (Text No. 12). In the Roman period, an preserved in Cambridge (Petrie, The Palace of
Egyptian priest in Memphis is also known to haveApries = Memphis II [London, 1909], Pls. XVII and
been associated with the worship of the emperorXXV, pp. 13 and 20-21) and Brooklyn (B. V. Both-
incorporated into Egyptian cultus as sunnaos theos; mer-H. de Meulenaere, Egyptian Sculpture of the
cf. F. Blumenthal, "Der igyptische Kaiserkult," Late Period. The Brooklyn Museum [1960], Pls. 70-71,
Archivf. Pap., V (1913), 317-18. figs. 181-84, pp. 92-94). On this figure see also ibid.,
33 Strabo XVII 1, 31; 32. I quote here the trans- pp. 67-68 (Pls. 54-55, figs. 131-34). See further R.
lation by H. L. Jones, The Geography of Strabo, Vol. Anthes, a.o., Mit Rahineh 1965 ("Museum Mono-
VII of the Loeb edition (1959), pp. 87 and 89. graphs" [Philadelphia, 1965]), p. 100: "Dr. de
Compare D. G. Weingartner, Die Aegyptenreise des Meulenaere suggested the conclusion that Wedja-Her-
Germanicus ("Papyrol. Texte und Abhandl.," 11 resnet was worshipped at Memphis like a god in the
[Bonn, 1969]), 142. fourth century B.c."
34 Cf. A. Erman, "Historische Nachlese 1. K6nig 41 In my opinion, the coronation at Memphis
Menes," ZAS, XXX (1892), 43-46. On the first four
should also be seen in this perspective; even though
dynasties see D. Wildung, Die Rolle agyptischer it is only mentioned explicitly for the first time for
K6nige im Bewustsein ihrer Nachwelt, I ("MunchenerPtolemy V (cf. the Rosetta stone, Greek version 1.
Aegyptol. Stud.," 17 [Berlin, 1969]), passim; see 44 = OGIS, I 90, pp. 140 ff.; for the hieroglyphic and
index s.v. Memphis. demotic passages Sethe, Urk. II, 192), it may be
35 Cf. L. Habachi, Features of the Deification ofpresumed for his predecessors as well. E. Will, op.
Ramses II ("Abhandl. deutsch. archhol. Inst. Kairo, cit., II, 34, only questions this coronation for the
Aegypt. Reihe," 5 [Gliickstadt, 1969]), 34-38. first three Ptolemies: "On ignore si les trois premiers
Could not the priestly title hm-ntr n hw.t-ntr CRemssDPtolembes se firent couronner comme pharaons, selon
(cf. E. Otto, art. cit., p. 117) also be associated withle rite indigene: la chose est possible, mais non
the cult of Ramesses II ?
prouvee." Compare Schneider, op. cit. I, 564: "Aller-
36 See E. Otto, art. cit., p. 118. dings ist es ungewiss, seit wann sich die makedonischen
37 A. R. Schulman, "A Cult of Ramesses III at Konige nach pharaonischem Ritus im Ptah-Tempel
Memphis,"JNES, XXII (1963), 177-84; supplemented zu Memphis kr6nen liessen." It is a noteworthy fact
by W. Helck, "Zum Kult an Konigsstatuen," JNES, that the epithet mr-Pth is already incorporated into
XXV (1966), 32-41. the s:-rc-name under Ptolemy III (cf. Gauthier, Livre
38 Brugsch, Thesaurus, V, 948 (Ptolemaic). des Rois, IV, 247 ff.). Such an epithet was presumably
39 H. de Meulenaere, "Les monuments du culte awarded upon enthronement at Memphis. Was not
des rois Nectanebo," Chron. d'Eg., XXV (1960), Alexander already crowned there ? See R. Merkelbach,
94-95 ("r6gion memphite"). Die Quellen des griechischen Alexanderromans ("Zete-
40 On Imhotep see K. Sethe, Imhotep der Asklepiosmata," 9 [Miinchen, 1954]), 24: "Auch die Erzihlung
der Aegypter. Ein verg6tterter Mensch aus der Zeit desvon der Kronung Alexanders als Konig von Aegypten
K6nigs Doser ("Untersuch. z. Geschichte u. Alter- durch die Ptah-Priester von Memphis kann auf
tumsk. Aeg.," II, 4 [Leipzig, 1902]); J. B. Hurry, echter Tradition beruhen."
found willing to incorporate the cult of Arsinoe and that

sister Philotera, whose worship in all probability was but
cultuses, the way was paved for the admission of the dy
temples of Egypt,43 and this in turn stimulated the prop
among the native population.
A. ANALYSIS
Let us now examine the evidence of the texts. The datable documents will be dealt
with in chronological order. Some are precisely dated while others can be relatively date
on the basis of genealogy.
1. Stele British Museum No. 379 = App. No. 17

A clumsily drawn reproduction can be found in Th. Young, Hieroglyphics (London
1823), P1. 77-78. The stele, divided into vertical columns at the top and horizonta
lines at the bottom, is broken and rather difficult to read. Brugsch cites the text
Thesaurus, V, 907-8. For further references see App. No. 17.
The stele belongs to Ns-tswt, PP III 5361,44 also called (dd.tw.n.f) Petobastis (p:-d
b:st), PP III 5370, son of the lady Rnp.t-nfr.t (11. 7-8). He bears the title wr-hrp-4mw,
which characterizes him as high priest of Memphis.45 Indeed, he is pictured with t
attributes of his dignity, namely a panther's skin and the lock of the princes.46 He
also hm-ntr sl.t-nsw sn.t-nsw Cpjlwtr:il, priest of OitAcrpa (col. 4 vert.).47
Precise information for the dating of the text has presumably been lost due to it
lacunary state although 1. 1 hor. makes mention of honors bestowed by the king an
his court in the 23rd year. It is not clear to me whether the king's 23rd regnal year is
meant or the 23rd year of Ns-iswt's life. The chronological data will be discussed below,
p. 266.
Among his priestly titles we find:
(vert.) 51 imj-s.t-ca n pr Pth n hrw XVb n s3 tp nbc...

61 hm-ntrd n s:.t-nsw sn.t-nsw hm.t-nsw s:.t- Imne nb(.t)-t:.wj
1 irsin3).t ntr.t mr-sng :s.th
(hor.) 21 ... hm-ntr ... nb(.t)-ta.wj irsin:.t ntr.tCirsi3)JDntr~tmr-s::)).t

mr-sn s.t
42 Two attendants of the cult of Philotera are Kdnigsherrschaft ("Vestigia, Beitr~ge zur alten
Geschichte," 7 [Munich, 1965]), passim.
known: (see
Ns-iswt Hr.s-.nh,
Text 1),who
whodied
in allinprobability
264 (see n. 47)
also and
44 died
On the reading Ns-iswt instead of Ns-kdj
around 260. We hear nothing more about this cult. see H. de Meulenaere, K&mi, XVI (1962),
(Eskedi),
43 Cf. Bouch6-Leclercq, Histoire des Lagides, 31-35. III,
64: "Philadelphe commenga par associer sa defunte 45 Cf., among others, A. H. Gardiner, Ancient
soeur Arsino6, la Philadelphe, aux divinites nationalesEgyptian Onomastica, I (Oxford, 1947), 38*-40*
et par doter son culte aux frais du clerg6." For (Ageneral
119); II 269*; M. Sandman Holmberg, The God
literature see U. Wilcken, Zur Entstehung des hel- Ptah (Lund, 1946), pp. 25 and 50-56; W. Helck,
lenistischen Konigskultus ("Sitz. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Untersuchungen zu den Beamtentiteln ("Aegyptol.
Philos.-hist. KI.," 28 [Berlin, 1938]), 298-317; E. Forschungen," 18 [1954]), 102-3; 105-6. A satisfactory
Otto, "Zwei Bemerkungen zum Konigskult der interpretation has not yet been offered for this title;
Spatzeit," MDAIK, XV (1957), 193-207; S. Morenz, cf. Fischer, ZAS, XCIII (1966), 64, n. 27.
"Zur Verg6ttlichung in Aegypten," ZAS, LXXXIV 46 Cf. H. Bonnet, Reallexikon der dgyptischen
(1959), 139 ff.; F. Taeger, Charisma. Studien zur Religionsgeschichte (Berlin, 1952), p. 606.
Geschichte des antiken Herrscherkultus, I (Stuttgart, 47 Harunchis (Hr.s-cnh), PP III 5524, was also
1957), 289 ff., 416 ff.; H.-W. Ritter, Diadem und priestess of Philotera; cf. H. de Meulenaere, Chron.
d'Eg., XXXIV (1959), 245-46.
Translation:
51 imj-s.t-ca of the house of Ptah for fifteen daysb of the wholec first phyle, 61 priestd of the
king's daughter, sister, and wife of the king, daughter of Amone, mistress of the two
lands 'I Arsinoej thea philadelphosg, Isis,

21 ... priest of... the mistress of the two lands, CArsinoel thea philadelphos, Isis.
a The translation "Assistant," almost universally employed, is not adopted here

because it points too much, in my opinion, toward a subordinate position. Some obser
vations on the meaning of this designation and its place among the other sacerdotal
titles will be found on p. 269.
b In my view the translation "of the fifteenth day" is incorrect.48 The specification
n hrw X V indicates a halving of the term of office of the imj-s.t-c and evidently differen
tiates it from the long-known imj-s.t-c imj ibd.f,49 whose period of service lasted on
month. For further discussion see p. 269.
c For an interpretation of nb in connection with the division into phylae see p. 268
d The term hm-ntr is often translated "prophet" because the Greek rendering 7Tpoob'rr?
is met with.50 I prefer the translation "priest" here, to be taken in the narrow sense of
"minister of the cult."
e On this epithet of Arsinoe's see J. Quaegebeur, art. cit., pp. 207-8. A scratch following
the divine determinative accompanying the name of Amon was hesitatingly interpreted
by Brugsch
same passage in(Thesaurus, V,des907)
Gauthier, Livre asIV,
Rois, the241J).
hk. Brugsch
-sign. The crooktranslates:
(pp. 908-9) I is wrongly51 found in the
"eines Propheten der Tochter und Schwester des Kdnigs, der Frau des Gottes Amon,
der Tochter des Regenten der Landesherrin Arsinoe, der den Bruder liebenden Gdttin,
der Isis." From this erroneous interpretation of the text, which not only inserts hk but
also overlooks nsw once, Erman concluded: "Noch unter Ptolemdius Philadelphus sind
Damen des kgl. Hauses Gottesweiber des Amun." 52 At the time of the Persian invasion
following the Twenty-sixth Dynasty-when a real political influence was attributed
to this important religious office of "wife of Amon"-the institution had ceased to
exist.53 Still, I believe that its memory did not completely disappear and that certain
elements of Arsinoe's titulary possibly go back to these "divines 6pouses." 54
48 See e.g. Spiegelberg, Demotische Denkmdler, I, due to the appearance of the divine determinative
32, No. 31099: "der cn des 15. Monatstages(?)"; PP in the middle of a vertical column. During a visit to
III, p. 48 ff., passim: " . . du quinzieme jour." Here the British Museum, Prof. H. de Meulenaere was so
we encounter the classic Egyptian usage of the kind as to check this against the original and against
cardinal number (Gardiner, Egyptian Grammar, an old copy by Birch kept among the inventory cards,
? 261), which remained in use for measures, weights, and he assured me that the sign may be deleted.
and for duration of time, in Late Egyptian (A. 52 A. Erman, Die Religion der Aegypter (Berlin-
Erman, Neudgyptische Grammatik, ? 248) and demotic Leipzig, 1943 [repr. 1968]), p. 398, n. 1.
(Spiegelberg, Demotische Grammatik, ? 84). Compare 53 Cf. J. Yoyotte, Kgmi, XV (1959), 78: "le titre
F. Daumas, Les moyens d'expression du grec et de (sc. 6pouse du dieu), sinon la charge, parait ne pas
l'dgyptien ("CASAE," 16 [Cairo, 1952]), ? 16. avoir survecu ' la premiere conquete perse." On this
49 Cf. ZAS, XXXVII (1899), 94; XL (1902-1903), priesthood see C. E. Sander-Hansen, Das Gottesweib
113-17.
des Amun ("Det kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab.,
50 A very informative confrontation between the
Hist.-filol. Skrifter," 11 [Copenhagen, 1940]), 239-
Greek evidence on the Egyptian priests 42 and the by J. Capart, Chron. d'Eg., XVI (1941)];
[reviewed
Egyptian titles can be found in J. Vergote, Joseph en "Tefnout et les Divines Adoratrices
J. Leclant,
Egypte ("Orientalia et Biblica Lovaniensia," III thebaines," Festschrift Junker ("MDAIK," XV [1957],
[Louvain, 1959]), 80-94. See also Daumas, Les moyens
166-71; J. Yoyotte, "Les Vierges consacrees d'Amon
d'expression, pp. 180 ff. thebain," CRAIBL (1961), pp. 43-52.
51 The reproduction drawn by Young already 54 Cf. J. Quaegebeur, art. cit., pp. 207-8. One might
suggests that the presence of this sign is unlikely
also think here of the title s3.t mrhw which Arsinoe
I The eye z.- occurs in several renderings of the name Arsin

exhibits the variant qq ." The eye does not possess its us
here, but only serves to render the vowel i.56 This is obvious fr
tion of the well-known personal name ir.t-(n.t-)Hr-r.w, "the
against them," viz. 'Ivapco.57 Compare also the hieroglyphic lette
of the name OlIAtros (Arrhidaeus): a(~ O , where t is rendered by and .~

respectively.58
g In connection with the equation of ntr.t mr-sn with OcE Q'tAda8eA os see J. Quaegebeur,
art. cit., pp. 206-7.
h At Sais and Macsara (App. Nos. 19 and 20) the epithet Isis is also given to Arsinoe
in a hieroglyphic text; cf. idem, p. 202. See also Text 10.
2. Stele Vienna No. 153 = App. No. 18.

My copy is based on W. Wreszinski, Aegyptische Inschriften aus dem k.k. Hofmuseum
in Wien (Leipzig, 1906), P1. III. The text can also be found in Brugsch's Thesaurus,
V, 902-6.
The stele was erected for Cn-m-hr, PP III 5352, son of the rpc sm wr-hrp-4mw Ns-iswt
(1. 10), PP III 5362, and Nefersouchos (Nfr-Sbk). The data on his birth and death (11.
11-13) make it possible to confine his life to the years between 289 and 217 B.C.59 He
bears the titles wr-hrp-4mw and sm Pth (11. 9-10). Important too is the mention of
his service in the dynastic worship on 1. 2: (hm) ntr.w-mnh.w h m ntr.w-mr-it.60 We also
read:
bears on her statue in the Vatican (App. No. 1) and 69 The dating of PP III 5352 was corrected by
which she has in common with the well-known H. de Meulenaere, Chron. d'Eg., XXXV (1960), 94;
Anchnesneferibre; E. Otto, Beitrdge zur Geschichte compare Pestman, Chronologie, p. 37.
der Stierkulte in Aegypten ("Untersuch. z. Geschichte 60 The mention of the priesthood of the theoi
und Altertumsk. Aeg.," 13 [Leipzig, 1938]), 7 ff.;
philopatores among the sacerdotal titles of cn-m-hr
JEA, XXXI (1945), 67. Be it also noted that their provides an interesting fact for an approximate
memory, though distorted, was still alive in Roman definition of the date of Ptolemy IV's marriage to
times; cf. Strabo XVII 1, 46 and Diodorus I 47, 1. Arsinoe III. From the hieroglyphic as well as from
5s Cf. Gauthier, Livre des Rois, IV, 239 ff. the demotic text we know precisely when cn-m-hr
56 For this reason the "i" has not been set in died: the fifth year of Ptolemy IV, the fourth month
italics in transcribing the name Arsinoe. of
Cf.
pr.tW.
(= Pharmuthi), on the 26th day, i.e. June 8th
Spiegelberg, Rec. Trav., XXVIII (1906), 199; ZAS,
217 B.c. On the other hand, it is generally accepted
LVIII (1923), 157. that the marriage took place after Ptolemy's return
57 Cf. H. Ranke, Die dgyptischen Personennamen,from the battle of Raphia, but before his ensuing
I (Gliickstadt, 1935), 42, 11; Marianne Guentch-stay in Syria and the promulgation of the decree of
Ogloueff, "Noms propres impr6catoires," BIFAO, Raphia. From Polybius' report (V 83, 3; 84, 1; 87, 6;
XL (1941), 120; W. Spiegelberg, "Demotische compare III Macc. 1, 1) that Ptolemy was accom-
Miscellen XXXVI: Der Name Inaros in Agyptischen panied by his d&&Aol Arsinoe, it has been concluded
Texten," Rec. Trav., XXVIII (1906), 197-201. For that they were not yet wed. But in the decree of
the Greek variants see Preisigke, Namenbuch (Heidel-
Raphia they are called eoZs QLA0o I [7rdTropaLv. ..], from
berg, 1922 [repr. 1967]), p. 149. Compare also ir.t-which it may indeed be inferred that they were
i.w-'I8op<og: Ranke, ibid., 42, 10; Guentch-Ogloueff,
married; cf. H. J. Thissen, Studien zum Raphiadekret
ibid., 133.
("Beitrige zur klassischen Philologie," 23 [1966]),
58 Fragment of the clepsydra British Museum 67 (with bibliographical references). His critical
No. 938 (Introductory Guide to the Egyptian Collections
observation: "Die Nennung lisst nicht erkennen ob
in the British Museum [1969], p. 176); reproduced inPhilopator und Arsinoe z. Z. der Abfassung des
L. Borchardt, "Althgyptische Zeitmessung" (in E. Dekretes verheiratet sind," may in my opinion be
Bassermann-Jordan, Die Geschichte der Zeitmessung disregarded. The author writes: "Die Bezeichnung
und der Uhren, I B [Berlin-Leipzig, 1920]), Tf. 4, laatLAlaaa die im griechischen Text nach dem demoti-
No. 2; see Gauthier, Livre des Rois, IV, 206, XIII. schen zu ergAnzen ist, spricht nicht zwingend daffir,
Compare the name Berenice at Dakka; Gauthier, dass Philopator und Arsinoe zur dieser Zeit verheiratet
ibid., 253 LX A. sind." This remark is only correct insofar as it refers
31 ... s n 1 Pth n 8s III.nw nb hw.t-ntr Mn-nfr hma s3.t-nsw sn.t-nsw hm.t-nsw
Cirsin3.tD nr.t mr-sn m hw.t-ntr n.tb

5sI irsin3.tD ntj m sbh (n)-t4-pnc... imj-s.t-c 61 n hrw XV n 8s tp nb n hw.t-ntr Mn-nfr...
7I 8.-nsw hsb h.wt nb n hw.t-ntr Mn-nfr hw.t-ntr Cirsin).t1 mr-sn.
31 ... scribe of 41 Ptah of the whole third phyle of the temple of Memphis, priest of the
king's daughter, sister, and wife of the king, mistress of the two lands, CArsinoe- thea
philadelphos, in the temple of 51 CArsinoeD who is in the royal palace of Egyptc.. . imj-
s.t-c 61 for fifteen days of the whole first phyle of the temple of Memphis... 71 royal
scribe who administers the property of the temple of Memphis and the temple of CArsinoe-)
Philadelphos.
a hm here has the same meaning as hm-ntr.6' Clearly, the same priestly title is meant
as in Text 1. On this stele the notations 4m and hm-ntr alternate.62
b ntj here is a late and sportive writing for the genitive n:t and is to be distinguished
from the ensuing relative ntj.
St,-pn is inscribed in the sbh-sign. Gauthier's copy, Livre des Rois, IV, 243T, is not
accurate: the land-sign has disappeared. On the reading see Wb. IV, 92: "der K6nigs-
palast von Aegypten"; Wreszinski here thinks of Alexandria.63 From the parallel with
Text 3, ntj m inb-hd, we may conclude that what is meant here is a designation of
Memphis; this accords well with the Greek designation: ir- /3alAELOv r dv AlyvnriTw.64
3. Leiden sarcophagus AMT 3.
A very reduced reproduction of this sarcophagus can be found in P. A. A. Boeser,
Beschrijving van de Egyptische verzameling in het Rijksmuseum van Oudheden te Leiden,
to the Greek term. I do not believe that pr-c3.t (1. 31) Sothic year has been severely criticized by A. E.
can designate the unwed Arsinoe in Egyptian usage. Samuel, Bi. Or., XXIII (1966), 38-43, esp. p. 42
There are other possibilities in Egyptian to render (compare Ph. Derchain, Chron. d'Eg., XXXIX [1964],
flaaLrAaaa in a broader sense than "wife of the king"; 232-35) so that the ordinary year should be used.
cf. J. Quaegebeur, art. cit., p. 204. Two conversions Hence it follows, in my opinion, that Ptolemy IV
have been proposed for the date of departure for and Arsinoe III must have been wed before the battle
the war (1st Pachon), that of the battle of Raphia of Raphia (June 22nd 217) and that the designation
(10th Pachon) and for the dating of the decree (1st d&aAoj does not permit the conclusion that Arsinoe
Paophi); Thissen dares not take a stand here (cf. was not yet queen. Even as the king's yvv~j she still
op. cit., p. 53: "Ohne neues Material diirfte es schwer
remained his dc$&Aj; the word should be interpreted
sein zu einer sicheren Entscheidung zu kommen."). without any special emphasis or meaning. For that
Conversion according to the ordinary Egyptian yearmatter, in exhorting the soldiers Arsinoe did not
yields respectively: 13th and 22nd June, and 15th play the second-rate part one would expect from the
November; according to the Sothic year: 16th and king's sister.
25th March, and 18th August (see Thissen, op. cit., pp.61 Wb. III 88: "hm teils von hm-ntr unterschieden,
43 and 53). Now we also know that Ptolemy IV only teils daneben gebraucht."
returned to Egypt close to four months after the 62 See e.g. 1. 2: hm Pth ... .hm-ntr n ntr.w pr
battle (see 1. 26 of the decree; compare Polybius VPth; 1. 3: hm ntr.w n pr Hnmw; 1. 7: hm Nfr-tm ...
87, 6). The conversion according to the Sothic yearhm Shm.t ... .m-ntr knm n Hr-p3-hrd; 1. 8: hm-ntr
proposed by R. Merkelbach, Isisfeste in griechisch- sgd.t n h .. . hm Hr. See also hm Pth alongside
romischer Zeit. Daten und Riten ("Beitr~ge zur hm-ntr Pth in Wreszinski, Inschriften Wien, p. 100.
klassischen Philologie," 5 [1963]), esp. p. 64, situates 63 Wreszinski, Inschriften Wien, p. 100: "der in
Ptolemy Philopator's return on July 15th. Merkel- der Residenz (Alexandria?) ist."
bach's dates can only be reconciled with the datum 64 Strabo XVII 1, 31; 32: "the palaces.., .now
from the stele of cn-m-hr if one accepts that in in ruins and deserted." Remnants of the palace of
executing the stele, which was not set up until theApries and of that of Merneptah have been discovered,
day of burial, seventy days after death, in casu ca. cf. Porter-Moss, Topographical Bibliography, III,
August 17th, the situation at the moment of the 217; 223. See also A. Badawi, Memphis als zweite
text's composition was taken into account, which isLandeshauptstadt im Neuen Reich (Cairo, 1948), pp.
rather unlikely. The conversion according to the59 ff.; 110 ff.
VII (The Hague, 1915), 6 with P1. IXb. The text discussed he
the head-end; our passage appears in both left- and right-han
on the photograph is very small and difficult to read. My own c
original.
The owner of the sarcophagus is the high priest (see representation with panther's
skin and lock, and his title wr-hrp-hmw) Harmachis (Hr-m-'h.t), PP III 5358; thus, at
least, reads his "beautiful name" (rn.f nfr).65 He is the son of the stm-priest of Ptah
Cn-m-hr, PP III 5352, and Harunchis (HIr-cnh).
Two facts are important for the dating. (1) From the Canopus decree, 11. 13-15,
we know that Ptolemy Euergetes established a fifth phyle of priests and that the priests
who were appointed between the first and ninth year of his reign, i.e. between 246 and
239/8 B.C., were enrolled therein, as were their descendants.66 The text below suggests
that Harmachis, like his son (cf. Text 4), belonged to the fifth tribe. His father, who
was born in 289, was indeed already in priestly service long before 246 (cf. Text 2),
i.e. before Euergetes' reform. Accordingly, I am inclined to conclude that Harmachis
became priest between 246 and 239/8 B.C. (cf. p. 268). (2) As to the duration of his
pontificate, he is known to have been priest of the theoi adelphoi, euergetai, philopatores,
and epiphaneis.67 This means that his death cannot be situated before 194/3, at which
time the marriage of Ptolemy V and Cleopatra I gave rise to the cult-name GEol E'MavetrL.6
I read the text thus:
sS Pth s Va nb cn-ibd hrw X Vb s) V nb n hw.t-ntr Mn-nfr mitt . hw.t-ntr Cirsin.tD mr-sn ntjd
m inb-hde
scribe of Ptah of the whole fifth phylea, n-ibd for fifteen daysb of the whole fifth phyle in
the temple of Memphis and in the temple of CArsinoeD Philadelphos, which is at Memphis.e
a It is not clear at first glance whether five should be taken for a cardinal or for an
ordinal number. Although one would expect s: V to be translated as s: tp (first phyle)
and s: III.nw (third phyle), ss' Pth s: V nb has generally been rendered as "scribe of
Ptah for all five phylae," 69 apparently due to the lack of nw which indicates an ordinal.
The same problem is encountered in Text 6: s: IV nb. There are, however, two arguments
which undeniably support an interpretation of s: V as "the fifth phyle": (1) the orthog-
raphy s: V, as opposed to p: V s:(.w), which is a designation for "the five phylae";70
(2) the fact that in Text 4, bearing on the same person, the designation ntr.w-mnh.w,
a reference to the fifth tribe established by Euergetes I, has been added (cf. Text 4c).
65 A number of high priests of Memphis of the 68 Cf. Pestman, Chronologie, pp. 42 and 137; H.
Ptolemaic period are known to have had two names, Volkmann, art. "Ptolemaios," in Pauly-Wissowa,
cf. PP III 5353, 5361, 5368, 5372. On the "beautiful Realencyclopddie der classischen A ltertumswissenschaft,
name" see H. de Meulenaere, Le surnom dgyptienXXIII a la (1959), col. 1697.
basse epoque (Istanbul, 1966). 69 Nevertheless, see the observation by Spiegel-
66 Sethe, Urk. II, 135; OGIS, I 56, pp. 91 ff.; berg, Demotische Grammatik, ? 91: "Manchmal wird
French translation in Bouche-Leclerq, Histoire des die Ordinalzahl auch durch die Kardinalzahl bezeich-
Lagides, I, 268-69. net, so stets, in der Verbindung s3 V = die 5. Klasse.
67 On the left side of the head-end these priestly Compare F. Daumas, Les moyens d'expression, ? 20a.
titles have been filled in, on the right side space has 70 Cf. Louvre C 316 (E. Otto, art. cit., p. 119, 1. 2)
been left open; hence it appears that the sarcophagus and Berlin 38 (ibid., p. 123 g). Compare A. Erman,
was already made before Harmachis' death, and that Neudgyptische Grammatik, ? 246; Spiegelberg,
the titles bearing on the aynastic cult were filled inDemotische Grammatik, ? 83.
after his decease.
b ,Ccn-ibd for fifteen days" can be compared with imj-s.t-c n hrw XV in

see the discussion on p. 269.
c The orthography of mitt is peculiar: tt is written before mi. In T
Mn-nfr and hw.t-ntr irsin'.tQ mr-sn are juxtaposed without copula.
d _t is a late spelling for the relative ntj (cf. Text 2b).
e inb-hd, "the white wall," corresponding to the Greek term AEVKOV TrEX
of the fortified part of the city, the citadel of Memphis.71 In a broad
is also employed for the whole of Memphis and to indicate the first n
Egypt.72
4. Stele British Museum No. 391.
The text of this stele is known to me only in S. Sharpe's edition, Egyptian Inscriptio
I (London, 1841), P1. 3.
The stele presents us with the priestly titles of two persons: on 11. 2-3 those of Har
machis, son of the mr hm.w-ntr (= pXtEpEv's) stm (hm-ntr) Pth cn-m-hr and Harunch
(1. 4), with whom we are acquainted through Text 3, and on 11. 5-7 those of his el
son (si.f-wr), the wr-hrp-hmw, priest of the theoi euergetai, philopatores, and epiphan
Ns-iswt, PP III 5363, born of Nfr(.t)-ij.tj.
The passage concerning us here is identical for both father and son:
imj-s.t-c cn-ibd sA n Pth r-ma ti mr-snb n s3 V nb n ntr.w-mnh.wc
the imj-s.t-c, cn-ibd, scribe of Ptah and of 9 0QAc~&EA os- of the whole fifth phyle of the t
euergetai.
a r-m, already mentioned in Wb. II 397, is a hieroglyphic rendering of the Late-

Egyptian copula "and," written irm in demotic.73 See also Texts 9 (hnc) and 10 (nm).
b Arsinoe is designated here solely by her cult-name. Unlike the preceding hieroglyphic
notations the feminine article t) is added here to mr-sn; this became necessary due to
the omission of the name. Arsinoe is designated in Greek texts in exactly the same
way.74
0 The expression s3 V (nb) n ntr.w-mnh.w corresponds to the passage from the Canopus
decree (1. 13) where mention is made of the addition of a fifth phyle: dd.tw.n.f s' V n
nMtr.w-mnk.w = 4 7TPOuOvObauGIE7uat 7TEFL7TrI7 ?4VA-9 civ E cEpY7Eov oEcvo.75 In my opinion this

makes it abundantly clear that our translation here must be "the whole fifth phyle,"
not "all five phylae"; see also Text 3a.
5. Fragmentary Statue Strasbourg No. 1381.

The text can be found as Doc. 3 in E. Otto's study of a family of priests to which
those mentioned in Texts 6 to 10 of the present paper belong (cf. note 13). His copy,
like my own, is based on W. Spiegelberg's edition in Rec. Tray., XXVI (1904), 145.
71 Gardiner, Ancient Egyptian Onomastica, II, XXXVI (1967), 67-73, did not involve these examples
123*; Badawi, Memphis als zweite Landeshauptstadt, in his study. See also W. Spiegelberg, "Demotische
pp. 1 ff.; P. Salmon, La politique dgyptienne d'Athenes Miscellen VIII. irm-NeM in den friihdemotischen
(VIe et Ve sidcles av. J.C.) ("Mem. Acad. Roy. de Texten," ZAS, XXXVII (1899), 32; K. Sethe, "Das
Belgique, Cl. Lettres," LVII, 6 [Brussels, 1965]), p. 151. Wort im 'Seite' und der Ursprung des neunigyptischen
72 P. Montet, Ggographie de l'Egypte ancienne, I Priiposition irm(w) 'mit,"' ZA'S, LXIV (1929), 9-12.
(Paris, 1957), 27 ff. 74 Preisigke, Worterbuch, III (1931), 34.
73 E. Edel, "Zur Etymologie und hieroglyphischen 75 Sethe, Urk. II, 134, 1. 13 and 136, 1. 16;
Schreibung der Priiposition M N - und NrTC -," Orientalia, compare n. 66.
This monument, containing a very lacunary hieroglyphic t

to the demotic text, to Amasis (ich-ms), PP III 5351, son of H
and Tamounis (Ti-imn). The same person is encountered in Te
Both inscriptions, the hieroglyphic as well as the demotic,
several priestly offices in Memphis, e.g. (hierogl.) hrj-s8t? n pr P
hm-ntr t: hw.t CRCmss8; (dem.) p) hm-ntr Smn-m:i.t ntj m Pr-n
text he also bears the title wnr as high priest of Letopolis.76
The sacerdotal office mentioned on 1. 3 can be compared to
Texts 3 and 4:
alcn-ibd n hrw XV sv . r...s. Br a ntr.t mr-sn n si ...
Bearing the parallelisms in mind, the following restoration and translation can
offered: cn-ibd for fifteen days, scribe of [Ptah and] CArsinoeD thea philadelphos of [
whole fourth] phyle.
a The reading of the name is uncertain and, as rendered by Spiegelberg, unusua

: might be the first letter and perhaps . should be read instead of =.. Still,
context and especially the epithet leave no room for interpretative doubt.
6. Stele Louvre C 316 = Serapeum Stele 427.

This stele affords an extensive series of priestly titles borne by the first of the adore
namely Amasis, son of Herieus and Tamounis, also known from Texts 5 and 7. Am
these titles those of high priest of Memphis wr-hrp-hmw or of s(t)m are not found, fr
which E. Otto concludes that here "eine durchschnittliche Familie" is met with.77
Somewhat further, in connection with the mention "god's father, beloved of the g
sm-priest,79 servant of Ptah, wnr of Letopolis, wcb of the temples of Memphis," h
my opinion correctly observes: "diese Anfangsreihung scheint weniger eine Aneina
reihung einzelner Amter zu bezeichnen, als eine Umschreibung des priestlichen
zu bedeuten."
Among the various priesthoods we find:
cn-ibd n hrw XV imj-s.t-c n sad n Pth r-m ti mr-sn si IV nb
E. Otto translates part of this text as follows: "Gehilfe des Schreibers des Ptolemaio
Philadelphos." 80
To which I would like to observe:
(1) imj-s.t-c should not be connected with the ensuing ss, which cannot be reconciled
with the meaning of imj-s.t-c (see p. 269). Indeed, this passage would then contrad
Texts 5 and 7. In order to explain the combination of imj-s.t-c with s8 Otto makes
following, for funerary steles rather impossible, remark: "also sphiter und vielleicht e
Bef6rderung bedeutend." I think the difficulty can be satisfactorily resolved by
76 P. Kaplony, "Der Titel wnr(w) nach Spruch 79 The reading rh-nsw found in many authors
820 der Sargtexte," Mitt. deutsch. Inst. f. Orient- (cf. "parent royal(?)" in PP III pp. 48 ff.) was
forschung, XI (1966), 137-63. corrected by H. de Meulenaere, "Un titre memphitem6-
77 Art. cit., p. 111. connu," M9langes Mariette ("IFAO, Bibl. d'Etudes,"
78 H. Kees, "'Gottesviter' als Priesterklasse," XXXII [Cairo, 1961]), 285-90.
ZAS, LXXXVI (1961), 115-25. 80 Art. cit., p. 129.
restoration of [hrw X V] after imj-s.t-c (see Text 3b). In Text 7 too a wor
lost.
(2) A correct understanding of the value of r-m (see Text 4a) would have
the trouble of having to seek "eine merkwiirdige/fehlerhafte Orthographie" o
in pth( = w !) rmt:.
Translation: cn-8bd for fifteen days, imj-s.t-' for [fifteen days], scribe of P
tLAd&sEAqos of the whole fourth phyle.
7. Stele Bologna Inv. No. 1943.

E. Otto's copy (Doc. 2) is based on a photograph of the stele and notes t
in Kminek-Szedlo 8 and Piehl.82 As regards the passage discussed here Brugsch
corresponds to Piehl's. Otto corrected the text in reading m instead of
mr instead of i . The sign 0, wrongly read by Otto as p, is indeed foun
stele.84 It should be looked upon as a broad stroke (see the orthography of r-m
4 and 6).
The stele belongs to the same Amasis, son of Herieus and Tamounis (1. 4), already
known from Texts 5 and 6. An important new piece of information is the mention of
the burial-date: the 22nd year of Ptolemy V,85 the second month of Amw (= Payni), the
24th day, i.e. July 28th 183. Burial usually took place seventy days after death, which
gives us May 19th as the day of death.86
Separately, 1. 3 is untranslatable; comparison with parallelisms suggests the following
reading:
8s [Pth]a r-m t8 mr-sn n 8s IV.nw nb

scribe of [Ptah] and - OqLAd1'8EA os of the whole fourth phyle.
a The presence of r-m permits the restoration of Pth after ss, for in the majority of
the texts the office of scribe of (Arsinoe) Philadelphos is directly associated with that of
scribe of Ptah (see Nos. 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11).
8. Stele British Museum No. 378.

Otto's copy (Doc. 7), after a photograph from the British Museum, offers a better
and more complete text than S. Sharpe's drawn reproduction in Egyptian Inscriptions,
I (London, 1841), P1. 48.
This stele commemorates the funeral of Herieus (Hrj.w),87 PP III 5359, son of
81 G. Kminek-Szedlo, Catalogo di Antichit4z p. 111, and checked them against T. C. Skeat's

Egizie. Museo civico di Bologna (Turin, 1895), pp.
method for conversion (The Reigns of the Ptolemies
211-12.
["Miinchener Beitrige," 39, 19692]). Not 70 but 80
82 K. Piehl, Inscriptions hidroglyphiques, first
days are mentioned on the stele for the preparation
series (Stockholm-Leipzig), P1. XXXVI, comm. pp.funeral. This is not necessarily an error, for
of the
43-44.
elsewhere too a divergent number of days is mentioned,
83 Brugsch, Thesaurus, V, 945. cf. J. Vergote, op. cit. (n. 50 above), p. 199.
84 See the photograph in S. Curto, L'Egitto antico
87 1 prefer the transcription Hrj.w, "they (the
nelle collezioni dell' Italia settentrionale. Catalogo
gods) are pleased," to Hr-ib (cf. E. Otto, art. cit.,
(Bologna, 1961), P1. 52, No. 139. pp. 110 ff., following H. Ranke, Die aigyptischen
85 The reigning king is not mentioned. We know, Personennamen, I, 230). The heart (cf. Preisigke,
however, from Amasis' statue Berlin 14460 (E. Otto, Namenbuch, p. 103) is to be regarded as a determina-
art. cit., p. 111, Doc. 4) that he was yet alive under the tive, as appears from the transcription 'EpLcvS and its
theoi epiphaneis. compounds; cf. J. Vergote, De oplossing van een
86 I have taken these dates from E. Otto, art. cit., gewichtig probleem: de vocalisatie van de egyptische
Amasis, PP III 5351, and tj-sj (= t'-di-wsir).88 Converted da

and burial can be found in Otto, art. cit., p. 111, from whic
lived from 214 to the end of 164 B.C.
Among his many priestly titles we read:
mj.-s.t-ca 71 Cn-bd n hrw XV n as IVb.nw nb hw.t-ntr Mn-nfr ... 81 . ss Pth ss n t3-mr-sn

n s3 V.nwc nb
mj.-s.t-ca 71 cn-bd for fifteen days of the whole fourthb phyle of the temple of Memphis...
81 ... scribe of Ptah, scribe of -q 'OtAceSAos of the whole fifthc phyle.
a The oblique strokes in Otto do not represent a lost word (for which space is lacking);
Cn-ibd is to be combined with imj-s.t-c (see Text 4).
b Sharpe reads III.nw.
o To be corrected to "fourth"? Cf. p. 269.
9. Offering table Louvre N 427a = App. No. 24.

Otto's text, Doc. 6 (no catalogue number given), is based on Brugsch's copy, Thesaurus,
V, 911-12.
On this table ss n Pth hnc irsin:.tQ ntr.t mr-sn is mentioned as sacerdotal title of:
(1) Herieus, PP III 5359, eldest son (s:-wr.f) of Amasis (son of Herieus and Tamounis)
and Tj[-sj];
(2) Psammetichos (Psmtk), PP III 5374,89 grandson of Amasis (s: n s?.f), i.e. son
of Herieus II and Harunchis.
Both, therefore, were "scribe of Ptah and of CArsinoeD Philadelphos."
10. Stele Louvre C 124 = N 275.

The hieroglyphic text from this stele is included as Doc. 9 in Otto's article. T
author regards the deceased for whom the stele was erected as Herieus III (see
discussion of the genealogy infra, p. 266); the latter is not found in PP III, as
document was not worked in.
On 1. 5 we read Hr.w mc-h&rw ms nb(.t)-pr n hm-ntr Nfr-tm Hr-cnh m:c-hrw, "Herieus,

justified, born of the lady of the priest of Nefertem, Harunchis, justified." The inter-
pretation is problematical due to the lack of patronymic and the appearance of n hm-ntr
Nfr-tm between nb(.t)-pr and the name of the mother, which does not seem to be the right
place. We are already acquainted with Herieus, priest of Nefertem, as the husband o
Harunchis; but a son called Herieus is otherwise unknown. In a demotic inscription
from Berlin (No. 14460)90 the descendants of Amasis are listed, namely his son Herieus
II and his grandson x (lacuna), son of Herieus II, priest of Nefertem, his mother being
Harunchis. In the preceding text we met Psammetichos, son of Herieus II and Harunchis,
who like his father was associated with the cult of Arsinoe. One wonders if the hiero-
glyphic passage in Louvre C 124 is not corrupt and if it is not possible that Herieus
werkwoordvormen (= La solution d'un problkme impor- hypocoristique nouveau: t'-sj = Tetosiris or Tausiris.
tant: la vocalisation des formes verbales dgyptiennes) 89 To be identified with PP III 5877 (Turin, 1870);
("Mededel. kon. VI. Akad., Ki. Letteren," XXII, 7 the Book of the Dead: Leiden T17 belongs to the
[Brussels, 1960]), p. 23. same person, cf. catalogue "Kunst voor de Eeuwig-
88 Cf. E. Otto, art. cit., p. 110, n. 2: shorter form
heid" (Brussels-Leiden, 1966), No. 14 (communicated
for T3-di(.t)-Wsir. Compare H. de Meulenaere, by H. de Meulenaere).
"Anthroponymes 6gyptiens de la Basse Epoque," 90 E. Otto, art. cit., Doc. 4 = Spiegelberg, Rec.
Chron. d'Eg., XXXVIII (1963), 213-16: I. Un Tray., XXX (1908), 151.
is the missing patronymic while the name of the son (Psammetichos?

have examined the unpublished demotic inscription91 for possible clarif
point.
can, Theopinion,
in my end ofbe1.read
8 reads Hrj mwt.f
once again. .Ir-cnh
Apparently, and just
therefore, thebefore that the
hieroglyphic name Herieus
passage
should be understood as follows: Herieus, born of Harunchis, the wife of the priest of
Nefertem (Herieus).
Herieus III was buried in the 40th year, the first month of pr.t, the first day (?) (1. 1),
seventy days after his death,92 at the age of 43 years and five months (1. 6). This makes
it possible to establish January 23rd 130 B.c. as the day of his burial (Ptolemy VIII
Euergetes II), November 14th 131 as that of his death, and June 174 (in the seventh
year of Ptolemy VI Philometor) as the month of his birth.
Of the priesthoods enumerated in the text the following are to be mentioned here:
hm-ntr :s.t 2j nma irsnio pj si8rnn.tb ... .s n Pth 8s III.nw nb cn-ibd hrw X V
priest of Isis 21 and Arsinoe of the Arsinoeion (?) . . . scribe of Ptah of the whole third phyle,
cn-ibd for fifteen days.
a Late orthography for irm (cf. Text 4a), corresponding to the Bohairic N FM, of
which it is a transliteration; see Wb. II 263.
b The interpretation of E. Otto (art. cit., p. 129), who reads pj 'Irsnj and who regards
this as a remarkable spelling of "Tempel von Arsinoe," is tempting. Note in this connec-
tion that on the photograph a cannot be read with certainty. In my opinion, ~-- is
better. On pj = pr see D. B. Redford, "The Pronunciation of pr in Late Toponyms,"
JNES, XXII (1963), 119-22.
11. Stele Cairo No. 31099.
A partial translation of this stele containing four lines of hieroglyphs and eight
lines of demotic written in ink, along with a discussion of the chronological data,
already be found in an article by H. Brugsch in ZAS, XXIV (1884), 35-36. He prov
a complete copy and translation in his Thesaurus, V, 889-96. The definitive edition
the stele was afforded by W. Spiegelberg in Die demotischen Inschriften ("Die demotisc
Denkmdiler" I [CGC, 1904]), 30-32, and included transcription, translation, facsim
(pp. 28-29), and a photograph (P1. VI).
The stele represents Cn-m-hr, PP III 5353, also called Paminis (Pj-Mn) PP
5367, priest of Memphis and wnr of Letopolis, son of Neboudjat (Nb-wd1.t), PP
7155, and Pahemneter (P3-hm-ntr), PP III 5368, also called Peteharmais (P'-di-Hr-m
hb),93 PP III 5369, son of the likewise entitled Herieus, PP III 5360. He died in t
eighth year, on the 24th of Pharmuthi, during the reign of Ptolemy XII Neos Dionyso
and Cleopatra Thryphaena (1. 6), i.e. May 1st 73 B.C., and was buried on the 9th
Epeiph (1. 7), i.e. July 15th. He lived 33 years, 9 months, and 20 days (1. 15), and
therefore born in 106 B.C.
Among Pahemneter/Peteharmais' titles listed in the demotic text, the following is of
importance here:
31 s Pth irm :rsjin na t 3 mr-8n 8 III.nwb nb hw.t-ntr n Mn-nfr hw.t-ntr tR mr-snc cn-tbd hrw
X[V]
91 I was able to consult a photograph of this text the hand of Anubis."
in the possession of Mr. J. Vergote. 93 For the hieroglyphic orthography of the name
92 I1 do not understand the meaning of "the 35th see H. de Meulenaere, Chron. d'Eg., XXXVIII (1963),
day" (1. 6), mentioned before the "70 days under 216-17.
scribe of Ptah and Arsinoe, ? 7LM&6AFah os, of the whole third phyle o
and the temple of ? 'LAasEAooS-, n.-ibd for fifteen days.
a The meaning of this n is not clear. The old m-identicum is

cf. Spiegelberg, Demotische Grammatik (Heidelberg, 1925), p. 1
Grammaire demotique, V (1948), 762, ? 958.
b Brugsch, Thesaurus, V, 892: "aller 3 Klassen"; Spiegelberg,
III(?) nb = p. 32: "fiir alle 4(?) Klassen." Clearly, however, the
read as III.nw; cf. W. Erichsen, Demotisches Glossar (Copenhagen
C Wrongly read by Brugsch (loc. cit.: "des heiligen Schlosses d
and Spiegelberg (loc. cit.: "des Gotteshauses der Philadelphen(?)")
that t3 and n3 are identically written in demotic. My interpretatio
assured by the parallels with Texts 2 and 3 (cf. p. 263).
This priestly title may be transferred to his father Herieus too; c
1. 3; dem. 1. 5).
12. Stele Vienna No. 82.
This stele, containing 26 lines of demotic text, is very important for the reconstruction
of the genealogy of the Memphite high priests in the Ptolemaic period; but the tex
which was written in ink, has unfortunately been partially obliterated and the st
itself is quite badly scratched. The inscription on this stele (numbered "Saal IV N. 1
is discussed by Krall, Studien zur Geschichte des alten Aegypten, II ("Sitz. Wien Ak
Phil.-hist. Kl.," Bd. 105 [1883]), 373-79, and W. Otto, who erroneously calls it
"Hieroglyph. Inschrift," included it in Priester und Tempel, I, 205-6. Much to m
surprise, subsequent literature no longer referred to this document. Only recently did
Edda Bresciani again point to the existence of this stele.94 I am much indebted to D
Egon Komorzynski, Direktor des Kunsthistorischen Museums Wien, for his kindn
in supplying a good photograph, on which my study of the text is based.95
The stele was made for the wr-hrp-hmw Petobastis (P3-di-bis.t), son of Psenptai
(P3-dr-Pth) 96 and Berenice (1. 9). The appearance of the dynastic name here is notable.9
In all probability this Petobastis is to be identified with the wr-hrp-hmw Petobas
known from other documents as the father of another Psenptais; cf. PP III 5371 (s
infra, p. 267). The dates mentioned there, already discussed by Krall (loc. cit.), prov
us, after conversion, with the following information: born in the 50th year, third mon
of 'h.t (Hathyr), on the ? day under pharaoh [Ptolemy VIII, Cleopatra II and III], th
theoi euergetai (11. 20-21), i.e. end of 121 B.C.; died in the fifth year, second month of
pr.t (Mecheir), on the ? day under pharaoh [Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos and Cleopat
S4 Edda Bresciani, "Stele demotiche dal Serapeo

" Cf. Preisigke, Namenbuch, p. 488: Yvirratg;
di Menfi nel Kunsthistorisches Museum di Vienna," compare PP III 5508: "A~Xormv eve#08ros ... .rpo-
Oriens Antiquus, VI (1967), 23, n. 2: "stele biografica 7Ir77,v OeWV Ev3epyer7-v [140/39]-lieu inconnu." It may
di Petubasti, sommo sacerdote di Menfi; varrebe la be assumed on onomastic grounds that this priest
pena di una nuova pubblicazione di questo lungo belongs in Memphis.
testo."
97 Compare the name Ars(inoe), mother of the
95 Dr. Egon Komorzynski further provided the
Memphite priest Petobastis (PP III 5759) who may
inventory number (No. 82) and the measurements presumably be situated in the same period; cf. E.
(78 x 36-37.5 x 8-9.5 cm.), and granted permission Drioton, "A propos d'une statuette naophore d'epoque
to publish this stele anew, which I hope to do in ptol6maique," Bull. Inst. Eg., XXXIII (1950-1951),
the not too distant future. 247-62.
PLATE II
CLEPSYDRA---ORIENTAL INSTITUTE No. 16875. DETAIL: KING BEFORE PTAH
PLATE III
CLEPSYDRA-ORIENTAL INSTITUTE No. 16875. GENERAL VIEW
Thryphaena, the theoi philopatores (11. 21-22 and 1. 1), i.e. beginning
amounts to a life span of 44 years, two months and ? days (1. 23).
Petobastis was, as Krall (art. cit., p. 374) had already noticed, "Schr
und der Arsino6 Philadelphe in der ganzen vierten und fiinften Phyle," b
mention the line. Read 61 sh Pth irm 'rsn' tC mr-sn s' I V.nw nb s' V.nw nb
13. Stele Louvre E 7819 = C 264 = C 295.

During a recent visit to the Louvre I seemed to recognize the name of Arsinoe
rather damaged small stele containing four lines of hieroglyphs and one and
lines of demotic written in ink. Closer examination established that the stele be
to a Memphite priest who attended to the cult of Arsinoe and who therefore had to
added to my dossier. I was able to make a copy of the original, and 1. 2 of this unpubl
inscription will be discussed here98:
[sl] Pth n s3 tp nb mi [8 ]a Cirsin3.ti [ntr.t]b mr-sn.s, i.e. [scribe] of Ptah of the whol
phyle, also [scribe] of CArsinoeD [thea] philadelphos.
a Or restore [4w.t-ntr], i.e. also [of the temple] of Arsinoe, etc.

b The bearer of this priestly title is Harsiesis (Ir-s:-?s.t) (1. 3); the name of his fat
(s: mi nn) is missing in the hieroglyphic text. The name of his mother, the consumm
sistrum-player
bastis, of Ptah,Indeed,
Cairo No. 31136.99 Thatresit (t-i.tr.t),
can hardlyisbeknown from
doubted that the very issimilar
Harsiesis stele of Peto-
the brother
of Petobastis, PP III 5760, son of Chaapis (hC-hp), PP III 5859, and Thatres, PP III
7120. Moreover, the patronymic in the demotic text of the Louvre stele and the one on the
Cairo stele are identical. For that matter, the entire demotic inscription, save for the
name of the deceased, should be identical.
Precise chronological data are lacking. The year mentioned on Harsiesis' brother's
stele, namely the 19th or 16th,100 does not help much. For the 19th year the following
dates are eligible: 187/6, 163/2, 96/5, and 63/2 B.C. In view of the poor quality of the
steles, a late date is most likely.101
14. Clepsydra Oriental Institute Chicago No. 16875 (Pls. II and III).
Before dealing with the special character of this unpublished inscription I would
like to offer my reading of the text and take a close look at the orthography of the name
Arsinoe.
98 I extend my sincere thanks to Mr. J. Vandier, inclined to date the stele Leiden F 1955/7.1, which
who granted permission to mention the text here,is inscribed in ink, around 100 B.c. too.
and Miss Letellier, who provided me with a photo-H. de Meulenaere, Oudheidk. Mededel. Rijksmus.
graph and the reference numbers and who enabledOudh., XLIV (1963), 5-7, wonders if the royal couple
me to make a copy. mentioned last does not form a criterion for dating
99 W. Spiegelberg, Die Demotischen Inschriften such as the protocol of notarial acts. It appears,
("Die Demotischen Denkmdler," I [CGC, 1904]), 53, however, from a comparison of the monuments of
P1l. XV.
Amasis that this is not the case: on his sarcophagus
100 Porter-Moss, Topographical Bibliography,only III, the theoi euergetai and philopatores are men-
215: year 16. They presumably take the last three tioned (Berlin 38; E. Otto, art. cit., Doc. 5, 11. 11-12),
strokes for an indication of the plural. whereas his statue shows the title hm ntr.w-sn.w
101 Compare G. Botti's observation in "Le stele ntr.w-mnh.'w ntr.w-(mr-)it ntr.w-pr (Berlin 14460; E.
N. 1578 e N. 1655 del Museo Egizio di Torino," Otto, art. cit., Doc. 4, 11. 1-2). Thus I think that the
Archiv Orientilni, XX (1952), 338: "L'insieme delle statue of Petobastis, priest of the theoi euergetai and
particolarith stilistiche delle due iscrizioni (geroglifico
philopatores (cf. n. 97 above), should not be dated
e demotico) consente tuttavia di ascrivere la data before the end of the second century either.
della stele alla fine del periodo tolemaico." I am
Ptha irsnfw h.tb nb Cnh n0 pr[.k]d tr.wje

Ptah Arsinoe, (may) all living things (be) in [your] temple at all t
a The h-sign is written 'with only two loops. This notation

stele of a Memphite high priest.102 The determinative represen
god with his sceptre is notable.
b As to the meaning, the reading h.t is fairly certain although
gives p instead of h. Dr. George R. Hughes remarks in this
carved as rectangle just like the p in Pth above."
0 The carelessness in this inscription, already apparent fro
mistake, is also plain at the end, where the signs are squeezed to
available above the man's foot was becoming scarce. Thus the
not , as in cnh.
d I believe a .k should be restored in the narrow lacuna fo
who checked this against the original, wrote me: "It (the space)
modate a narrow k and what may be a trace of the right end m
e For the reading of the final signs compare S. Sauneron,
Wb. V 316: tr. wj; II 402: rc-nb.
The orthography irsnfw = '4pavdr0q needs some clarification.
at first glance, elicit surprise. However, three other hieroglyph
name Arsinoe can be referred to in which the f is found, namely
IV, 239 A, 240 Ga, 241 H. He offers the following observation
affaire a une prononciation locale, avec intercalation d'un f
Arsinod (plut t qu'a une transcription speciale & la premiere Ars
is not a matter of dialectal orthography; for in addition to Copt
then also have appeared in Memphis, in all probability the p
inscription (cf. infra). I think the f has another explanation
the Egyptians thought of their own demonstrative pronoun nf 1
from the added determinative t in the n

where an elaborate spelling of the same word is found. Th
" I render the same word. On the other hand, we can also
approximately pronounced /nowe/, which can be phonologically
published study J. Vergote, on the basis of the variant notation
utes to both the sporadic value of a labiodental [v] while nor
bilabial fricative [b], which sometimes becomes [w] (withou
102 Ch. Maystre, "Une stble d'un grand pretre (1943), 127. The same group would then transcribe
memphite," ASAE, XLVIII (1948), 154. -vo77 /now6/ as well as /ndw/.
103 Cf. Spiegelberg, Rec. Tray., XXVI (1904), 149,
n. 1. 105 Gauthier, Livre des Rois, IV, 239; J. Quaegebeur,
art. cit., pp. 215-16.
104 Wb. II 251; compare ZAS, X (1872), 31-33;
XV (1877), 31; XVI (1878), 32-37; XX (1882), 106 Gauthier, Livre des Rois, IV, 240 Ga (Karnak),
184-85. In a tomb-inscription ("Tombeau de Roy," 241 H (Coptos).
MIFAO, LVII [1928], 31: end of the Eighteenth 107 Compare the data in J. Vergote, Phonetique
Dyn.) containing several phonetic orthographieshistorique de l'Egyptien. Les consonnes ("Bibl. du
Mus'on," 19 [Louvain, 1945]), 11-18. Similar re-
(e.g. kc3 for th3I and nfj for nfr) we encounter ,
marks can already be found in G. Maspero, "Introduc-
in which the f in my opinion is not to be taken as a A l'6tude de la phon6tique 6gyptienne," Rec.
tion
suffix-pronoun; the whole is a phonetic rendering Tray.,
of XXXVII (1915), 152 ff., 156 ff. See also S.
CNHY (sn.w) cf. E. Litddeckens, MDAIK, XI Sauneron, BIFAO, LXII (1964), 49.
phonetic values can be clearly illustrated by tracing the rendering of the o

and b in the Greek transcriptions of a few Egyptian personal names or in t
forms. A selection among the variants:
f in nfr: wr.-nfr = oye~ )eN oyse / OiEpaevov/oos;108

wn-nfr = oyC N. B p, 'Ovofpp / 'OvvoWpts ;109
nfr-.r = NLB6P~20 / Neoepws-;110
nfr-?gj = N. B6 C)91I / NaoEpuaat-;"'
in fdw: fdw-(n-)Mntw = BiovtwvO7qs / 080ovtEUov6rs.112
w in wn: wn-nfr see above versus B.1N.Lq pC , B6NoqeCp;
wrd-nfr see above versus Be )6C N oyq I, Bapaevovtos.
b in Sbk: EoPKtL / owJ(o)vKRq, Eovxos, etc.;113
isbtj: p:-wr-i:btj = HopEyErtLS / H opLEv0s."114
Hence it appears that f is rendered not only by Copt. q / Gr. , but a

that w is represented by oy / ov as well as by B / P, that the transcription
(o)v, and that the phonetic value of f in certain cases comes very close
bilabial fricative [b],115 and to [w]. Significant too are Greek transcription
Roman names, e.g. Valenti(nia)nus = BaXEvrLvtavoS / O-VAEvTrvo-.116
immediate alternation f/w can be found in Fabricius = OZapLKLOS.117
This excursus has, I hope, made clear that the Egyptians, in renderin
made use of an Egyptian word-namely nf-that closely approximated t
tion of the group-von.
Unlike the preceding texts, the present one does not belong to a monume
contribute to the memory of a private individual. The inscription discussed
of a scene (P1. II) which is one of several around the outside of a limestone
purchased by James H. Breasted in Egypt in the spring of 1933. The s
only in part at the far left of P1. III. The object measures 52.5 cm. in height
diameter.119 On the left the scene depicts the god Ptah in his shrine h
scepter in his hands. Above the shrine a uraeus forms a simplified repr
frieze. On the right the king fulfills a ritual before Ptah, wearing the neme
upon which traces of decoration can be plainly seen. The transition from d
formed by the mr-sign-the king is Ptah's beloved-as in two clepsydr
Ptolemy II offering to the same god: Barracco No. 27120 and Leningrad
108 W. E. Crum, Coptic Dictionary (Oxford, in my1939
opinion, that the Egyptian b is not a stop.
[repr. 1962]), pp. 240, 419a; S. Sauneron, "Pers6e, 116 Preisigke, Namenbuch, pp. 71, 245.
dieu de Khemmis (Herodote II, 91)," Rev. d'Egyptol., 117 Ibid., p. 245.
XIV (1962), 56. 118 On clepsydrae see L. Borchardt, Altdgyptische
10o Crum, Coptic Dictionary, pp. 239, 240; Preisigke,Zeitmessung (cf. n. 58 above); R. W. Sloley, "Ancient
Namenbuch, p. 242. Clepsydrae," Ancient Egypt, 1924, 43-50; Idem,
110 G. Heuser, Personennamen der Kopten. Unter- "Primitive Methods of Measuring Time with special
suchungen ("Studien zur Epigraphik und Papyrus- reference to Egypt," JEA, XVII (1939), 166-78;
kunde," 2 [Leipzig, 1929]), 15; Preisigke, Namenbuch, A. Pogo, "Egyptian Water Clocks," Isis, XXV
p. 230. (1936), 403-25. A number of clepsydrae are discussed
111 Preisigke, Namenbuch, pp. 224, 225. in O. Neugebauer-R. A. Parker, Egyptian Astronom-
112 Ibid., pp. 73, 460. ical Texts, III (London, 1969): No. 3 (p. 12, P1. 2),
113 Ibid., pp. 392, 400; Th. Hopfner, "Graezisierte, No. 34 (pp. 42-43, P1. 22B), Nos. 44-45 (p. 60, P1.
griechisch-Agyptische ... theophore Personennamen," 22C-D).
Archiv Orientdlni, XV (1946), 47-49; K. Sethe, "Der 119 My thanks to Mrs. Janice Caplan for these
Name des Gottes Suchos," ZAS, L (1912), 80-81. data.
114 Preisigke, Namenbuch, p. 339. 120 See the reproduction in G. Barracco-W.
11SAlso the disappearance of b in Hr-m-hb = Helbig, La collection Barracco (ed. F. Bruckmann
"ApzatC (compare the spelling HIr-mh; H. de Meule- [Munich, 1892]), Tf. 11 and 11a.
naere, Chron. d'Eg., XXXVIII, 1963, 216-17) indicates, 121 Mentioned in the catalogue Ermitage Impdrial,
On a water clock of Amenhotep III mr.f can already be fou

cartouche in the offering scene before Ptah.122 Here the king is
s8-rc but the cartouche has not been filled in. The hieroglyphic t
and the king tells us that the latter is performing the ritual act
The presence of Ptah alone cannot argue for a Memphite provena
the various deities around the water clock representing the twelv
year, is the deity of the second month of h.t, i.e. Paophi.123 A r
shows Ptolemy II in adoration before Ptah.124 In my opinion
scene to a local situation, namely the association of Ptah with his
is enough to define the provenance with a sufficient degree o
This clepsydra is presumably one of the cult-objects from the gr
Ptah and, more particularly, from the temple of Arsinoe (cf. p.
the offering scene before Ptah on the extreme left, the godd
sequence and the mention of ibd I Eh.t (= Thot) in the upper
this identification possible. In the following scene R'-IHr-'h.tj (se
imw = Mesore) can be recognized; at the extreme right a de
should be identified with the goddess 'Ip.t (see ibd III mw = E
corner).125
As to the dating, the association Ptah-Arsinoe dates from shortly after 270, terminus
post quem of the clepsydra. A date ante quem is, however, difficult to fix with certainty.
Two factors make a date under Ptolemy II likely: (1) the above-mentioned orthographi-
cal examples in which nf(Dw) represents the Greek vor- stem from Ptolemy II's reign;
(2) as yet, to my knowledge, no water clocks of this type are known which can be dated
with certainty after Ptolemy 11.126
B. SYNTHESIS
1. A temple of Arsinoe in Memphis.

At least three, and perhaps four, of the texts make explicit mention of a temple
Arsinoe:
(2) w.t-ntr n.t irsin3.t0 ntj m sbh-(n-)t3-pn... hw.t-ntr irsin3.t mr-sn;

(3) hw.t-ntr Cirsin5.ti mr-sn ntj m inb-hd;
(11) (dem.) hw.t-ntr ti mr-sn;
(10) (hm-ntr :s.t nm irsni3)pj sirnn.t (?)
Inventaire de la collection 9gyptienne (1891), pp.125 aIp.t is also portrayed with falcon's head at
376-77 (without photograph). Mr. R. A. Parker very
Edfu, cf. Parker, Calendars, P1l. V; on the Barracco
kindly placed his negative at my disposal so thatclepsydra this moon-goddess is called DIp.t-hms(.t).
this representation could be compared to the other.
On this name see H. de Meulenaere, Chron. d'Eg.,
122 Cf. Neugebauer-Parker, Egyptian Astronomical
XXXVIII (1963), 219, No. 9. Further references on
Texts, III, P1l. 2, lower right. ip-hm.t-s(!) in H. Junker-E. Winter, Das Geburtshaus
123 R. A. Parker, The Calendars of Ancient Egypt des Tempels des Isis in Phild ("Denkschr. 6sterr. Ak.
("Studies Anc. Or. Civ.," 26 [Chicago, 1950]), fig. 19,
Wiss., Philos.-hist. Kl." Sonderband [Wien, 1965]),
p. 44. p. 203, n. 3.
124 Now in the Allard Pierson Museum in Amster- 126 I asked Mr. R. A. Parker if he could confirm
dam, cf. J. M. A. Janssen, Egyptische Oudheden this. He wrote: "I do not know of any other water
verzameld door W. A. Van Leer ("Mededel. en Ver- clock of this type which can certainly be dated
handel. Ex Oriente Lux," 12 [Leiden, 1957]), No. 8, after Ptolemy II but I feel sure that they did exist."
p. 16, P1l. III.
In the first three the sanctuary of Arsinoe is mentioned together with hw.t-n
"the temple of Memphis," meaning the great temple of Ptah. Indeed, the exist
close connection between these two temples and their deities is apparen
association of Ptah and Arsinoe in one and the same title (cf. infra). The s
Arsinoe may have been no more than a chapel forming part of the Ptah-comp
may have been a small temple in the immediate vicinity. The topographica
sbh-(n-)t)-pn and inb-hd only refer to the old, fortified, heart of the city, w
religious and cultural center. A more precise localization cannot be given.
In Text 10 "priest of Isis and Arsinoe" is followed by a geographical te
appears but once and which E. Otto regards as a poor rendering of the Greek n
the temple of Arsinoe, MpatvoEoov.127 The fact that the name Arsinoe is men
before does lend some credit to his interpretation. The association of Isis and A
also found in the latter's surname "Isis" (Text 1) and points once again to her i
tion with this Egyptian goddess.
From the texts discussed we can yet deduce that the sanctuary of Arsino
or furnished under Ptolemy II (see the dating of Text 2) and that it was st
the end of the second century B.C. during the reign of Cleopatra II with
Soter II and Ptolemy X Alexander I, respectively (Text 11).
2. The title of the priest attending to the cult of Arsinoe.

From Text 4 the title fairly uniformly reads "scribe of Ptah and Arsinoe Ph
Arsinoe, however, is regularly designated by her cult-name alone. One mig
render this priestly title into Greek as *1Epoypat/tar7Es too - O& Kat 7 ?~
which accords well with lEpER) 70T ZIoxovU Kat- i 7 I3k AaIA ov mentioned in
duction. Here follow the individual variants:
(4) 8s n Pth r-m tR mr-sn;
(5) 8s .....:rsn8n ntr.t mr-sn;

(6) s8 n Pth r-m t: mr-sn;
(7) 89 [Pth] r-m t: mr-sn;
(8) s8 Pth s9 n t: mr-sn;
(9) 88 n Pth hnC irsin).t ntr.t mr-sn;

(11) (dem.) sh Pth irm :rsjn3 (n) t: mr-sn;
(12) (dem.) sh Pth irm 3rsn t: mr-sn;
(13) [ss] Pth ... [ss] Cirsini.tI [ntr.t] mr-sn.s.

The fact that the other texts mention the same priesthood in a less standardized form
becomes especially clear from a comparison of Texts 3 and 4. As to Text 3, this con-
frontation suggests the conclusion that Harmachis fulfilled the function of scribe for
the temple of Ptah as well as for the temple of Arsinoe, and that the association of the
two temples is not only valid for cn-ibd. In Text 2 the titles "priest of Arsinoe in the
temple of Arsinoe" and "scribe of Ptah in the temple of Memphis" are both encountered;
further on the function of scribe is allied to both temples. In my opinion the conclusion
may be drawn that "priest of Arsinoe" did not exist as a separate title beside "scribe of
127 Art. cit., p. 129. Note that, if irsnn = Arsinoeion, of the last n. Otto regards irsnn rather as the name
the addition of pj (= pr) is pleonastic in the presence Arsinoe.
Ptah and Arsinoe Philadelphos," and that in Texts 1 and 10 hm-

points to an association with her cult without indicating a real offi
3. Dignity and succession of the priests of Arsinoe.

The preceding discussion of the documents has made clear that at
families are involved as ministers of the cult of Arsinoe and that the
dignitarial rank. The problems of both genealogy and rank will be d
In Text 1 mention is made of Ns-iswt/Petobastis, who was pr
elaborate official titulary added to the name Arsinoe plainly situ
the reign of Ptolemy II, shortly after Arsinoe's death and deificatio
assume that he was the first priest of Arsinoe and that he was
around 267 B.c. The same name, Ns-iswt, is borne by the father of
he might very well be a contemporary since his eldest son was
that the son of the wr-hrp-4mw Ns-iswt in Text 2 bears the same
wr-hrp-hmw Ns-iswt/Petobastis in Text 1, and that normally the w
must have inherited his sacerdotal offices from his father, allows u
5361 and 5362. As yet there is indeed no reason to accept the si
in the Ptolemaic period of two bearers of the dignity of high priest.
Museum No. 380, 1. 14, another wr-hrp-hmw Ns-iswt, PP III 536
also be situated in the early Ptolemaic era; he was the father of
and the sm Cn-m-hr, PP III 5442. Since it is possible to draw up an
Ns-iswt (1) + Rnp.t-nfr.t

(5365)
Ns-i8wt/PI-di-b38.t + Nfr-Sbk rUn-s.iw Hr-j-.m-htp + St3-ir.t-bin.t

(5361/2/4) (5874) (5356)
Cn-m-br + Hr.cnh Nfr-ib-Rc Nfr.t-ij

(5352/5442) (5647) (7163) (5354)
Dd-hr (2)(5358)
(5373) Hr-m-3h.t + Nfr.t-ij.tj .Hr-ij-m-h
(5357)
N8-i4wt (4) P3-ir-Pth (5) Nfr.t-j-,

(5363) (5885)
128 This office seems to have been held a few times geschichte des Neuen Reiches, I, "Abh. Akad. Wiss.
by two persons in the OK (Urk. I, 18, 20, 38: cf. und Literatur Mainz, Geistes- und Socialwiss.
Maystre, JNES, VIII [1949], 87). Sabu II explicitly Klasse," [1960], No. 10, p. 914 [132]) suggests that
states that he bore the title alone (Urk. I, 84-85). in the NK, too, the title wr-hrp-hmw was not confined
The impressive list of wr-hrp-hmw priests under to just one higher priest.
Ramesses II (cf. W. Helck, Materialen zur Wirtschafts-
of this family of high priest for the third century, it is evident that PP
turn be identified with PP III 5361 and 5362, and that Cn-m-hr, PP
same person as PP III 5352.
The data from Texts 1-4, supplemented by other dobuments cited in
the drafting of the family tree on page 264. The wr-hrp-hmw is underlin
is also known as priest of Arsinoe, then twice.
Commentary:
(1) The name of the father of Ns-iswt/Petobastis is not attested by any
ments; we do know, however, that his mother's name was Rnp.t-nfr.t
other hand, a Memphite priest called Chonsiou, PP III 5874, who died in 24
wr-hrp-hmw Ns-iswt, PP III 5365, and Rnp.t-nfr.t, is known. W. Otto
wrongly, regards him as a brother of Cn-m-hr.129 As yet there is no reaso
Rnp.t-nfr.t is a second name of Nefersouchos, wife of Ns-iswt/Petobastis,
was this high priest's second wife. It is more likely that Chonsiou was a y
of Ns-iswt/Petobastis and that the name of the father of Arsinoe's first p
known.
(2) From stele Vienna No. 154 we are acquainted with Teos, PP III 5373, high priest
of Memphis and son of the stm cn-m-hr and Harunchis. The exact dates of his birth and
death are known, namely the 18th year (Ptolemy II), 29th of Epeiph, i.e. September
22nd 267, and the 24th year (Ptolemy III), 24th of Mecheir, i.e. April 9th 223 B.C.130
Ch. Maystre's remark may be endorsed: "Teos a succ'd6 a son pere Anemho du vivant
de celui-ci, et il est meme mort avant son pare; comme il n'avait pas d'enfant, c'est son
frere Harmachis qui a et6 nomm6 grand pretre."131 At first glance the documents would
seem to indicate that the priesthood of Arsinoe passed directly from cn-m-hr to Harmachis.
However, it is not impossible that Teos, during his father's lifetime, bore the title "priest
of Arsinoe" as well as that of wr-hrp- mw, but that the former was not mentioned on his
stele.
(3) Two documents bear on this branch of the first family of Memphis; stele British
Museum No. 380: Harimouthes, son of Anchopis and Nfr(.t)-ij.tj, and sarcophagus
Louvre D 13: Anchopis, son of Harimouthes and St3-ir(.t)-b(j)n(.t). D. Wildung, who
discusses both texts,132 writes in this connection: "Die Genealogie erstreckt sich iiber
vier Generationen: Auf den Hohenpriester von Memphis Ns-kdj (sic) folgt dessen Tochter
Nfr.t-ij.tj,
der ausder
seinerseits deren Ehe
Vater vonmit cnh-H.pj
cnh-Hpj I. der
II., dem Stifter
Besitzer desder Stele HIr-ij-m-htp
Sarkophages hervorgeht,
ist." He there-
fore identifies the two Harimouthes with each other, but apparently neglected to consult
PP III on this matter. There, Mr. H. de Meulenaere draws a distinction between
Harimouthes (5356), father of Anchopis, and Harimouthes (5357), son of Anchopis, and
identifies the two Anchopis (5354). I agree with this identification because Anchopis'
priestly titles in the two texts are identical, which is not the case for Harimouthes.
129 W. Otto, Priester und Tempel, I, 207. Anemho, qui n'etait plus grand des chefs des artisans,
130 The dating in PP III 5373 [220-180] should be il est rest6 sm jusqu'h sa mort." Nevertheless, see
statues Alexandria 17533-34 (ASAE, VIII [1907],
corrected; cf. M. L. Strack, Die Dynastie der Ptolemier
(Berlin, 1897), p. 159; Spiegelberg, Rec. Trav., XXX 64-67): p3-9r-Pth, son of... wr-hrp-hmw Hr-m-3h.t,
(1908), 148-49; Pestman, Chronologie, p. 18a. son of.. . wr-hrp-hmw stm cn-m-hr.
131 JNES, VIII (1949), 85. He adds: "Quant 4 132 Op. cit. (n. 34 above), pp. 147-50.
(4) Ns-iswt, PP III 5363, is only mentioned on his father's

known about him, not even the names of possible descendan
impossible that we have here a second name of Psenptais (com
but proof is lacking.
(5) From the genealogical data drawn from the Vienna stel
W. Otto133 it appears that this family of high priests proli
Psenptais, who in my opinion should be identified with his h
son of Harmachis, grandson of cn-m-hr, of whom two statu
Alexandria (Nos. 17533-34), presumably executed before he bo
(6) See Rec. Trav., XIV (1893), 184, No. LXXXII.
In Texts 5 through 10 we become acquainted with another fam

bore precisely the same sacerdotal title (cf. supra) as Harm
Ns-iswt, but without possessing pontifical status. They did h
priest of Letopolis, as did the family Harimouthes-Anchopis,
importance that Anchopis I was able to marry the daughter of t
Petobastis. The family Amasis-Herieus is very similar to th
Anchopis as far as the individual priestly titles are concerned; it
they were related.
On the one hand, it appears to me that in the third century, as
not one priest is known to have attended to the cult of Arsi
number of priests of the second century did hold this priest
priest. In view of the possible chronological sequence I am inclin
Ns-iswt's death the priesthood of Arsinoe for some reason d
pontifical family, but transferred to another important figure,
death his son assumed the office. A similar phenomenon app
100 B.C. (cf. infra). It must be said, however, that for the s
names of high priests are known, without any mention of the v
they were associated. Therefore, it cannot be stated with cer
century the high priests were no longer associated with the cult
A few remarks on the genealogical tree drawn up for this fam
(1) Psammetichos (Text 9) and Herieus III (Text 10) are bot
Herieus II and Harunchis. Otto regards them as brothers, wh
that Psammetichos is a cognomen of Herieus III.134 Both pro
argue for. Herieus III was only ten years old when Herieus II
have been his elder brother and may have succeeded his father.
is not called "scribe of Ptah and Arsinoe" but "priest of Isi
opinion no objection to an eventual identification (cf. p. 263).
(2) The name ij-m-h tp in Otto's tree should be read IHr-ij-
cf. PP III 5355. Is the designation s' Hr.w sufficiently explicit
a son of Herieus II while neither Herieus III nor Psammetichos are mentioned?
(3) The portrait and mention of a priest who did not belong to the family on stele
Louvre C 316 would be quite surprising. Presumably the families of Onnophris (see
genealogical tree in Otto) and Amasis are to be linked via Onnophris son of Tamounis,
133See the bibliographical references with Doe. 134 Rec. Trav., XXX (1908), 154.
12.
PP III 5366a, mentioned in P. Louvre No. 3058. In that case Onnophri

brother.
Text 11 presents pD-hm-ntr/Peteharmais, scribe of Ptah and Arsinoe, son of Herieus.

Like his son, the latter in all probability attended to the cult of the deified Arsinoe. The
possibility of an identification of this Herieus with Herieus III is worth exploring. The
fact that both lived around the middle of the second century B.C.135 and that both were-
if s mi nn may be taken literally-scribes of Ptah of the third phyle and ministers of
Arsinoe argue for this view.
Of some importance is the discovery that the sacerdotal title which interests us here
is not mentioned for cn-m-hr/Paminis, whereas the high priest Petobastis in Text 12, a
contemporary of the former, is scribe of Ptah and Arsinoe. The question arises whether
this priesthood was again associated with the office of high priest. A chronological
listing of the attendants to Arsinoe's worship demonstrates the possibility that there
was but one priest/scribe of Arsinoe at a time. As yet there is nothing to indicate the
contrary. I must concede, though, that once or twice I have made use of that dangerous
ally, the argumentum a silentio.
There remains the isolated case of Harsiesis from Text 13, who attended to the cult
of Arsinoe, but who, unfortunately, cannot be precisely dated.
Text 1, 2 1. Ns-iswt/ H(igh) P(riest) PP III 5361/2/4 ('ca. 310?) (tca. 255?)
Petobastis
2, 3, 4 2. cn-m-hr HP 5352/5442 0287 t217

[Teos HP 5373 0267 t223]
3, 4 3. Harmachis HP 5358 (0ca. 260?) (tshortly after
194/3)
4 4. Ns-iswt HP 5363 (0ca. 240?) (tca. 190 ?)
5, 6, 7, 8, 9 5. Amasis 5351 (0ca. 240?) t183

8, 9, 10 6. Herieus II 5359 0214 t164
9 7. Psammetichos 5374/5877 (0ca. 190?) (tca. 150?)
= (?)
10 8. Herieus III - 0174 t131
= (?)
11 9. Herieus 5360 (0ca. 170?) (tca. 130?)
11 10. P.-hm-ntr/
Peteharmais 5368 (0ca. 140?) (tca. 100?)
12 11. Petobastis HP = 5371 0121 t76
13 12. Harsiesis - (ca. 60 ? ? ?)
4. Organization of the ministry.

In dealing with the individual docum
usually combined with the mention o
mentioned can either be the one to w
performs a certain temporary function
135 Herieus from Text 11 is the grandfather of of the second century B.c. which coincides with the
cn-m-hr/Paminis who lived from 106 to 73 B.c. From period in which Herieus III lived (174-131).
this we may conclude that he lived around the middle
phyle or even all five.136 It is then often very difficult to estab

cited is to be taken for a cardinal or an ordinal. The addition of
mean that the numeral in question points to a set of phylae. A ca
s8 tp nb, "imj-s.t-c ... of the whole first phyle," in my opinion i
authorized to perform a well-defined task each time that specifi
interpretation of nb is more delicate when mentioned with the p
belongs because nb then seems superfluous. Perhaps it is simp
How this tribal service actually operated in this period is not cle
of the four phylae alternated on a monthly basis. But this situat
dealing with pontiffs and other high-ranking priests who were i
but who in addition performed individual sacerdotal tasks within
division into tribes. In 238 a fifth phyle was added, and we a
period we must reckon with a division of duties on a semimonth
basis (cf. infra).
W. Otto, who studied "Die Gliedierung der Priesterschaft in
"Anemho der dritten Phyle angeh6rt" and that Harmachis wa
Phyle." 137 It indeed seems quite plausible that the tribe to whic
mentioned together with the important title "scribe of Ptah," w
was associated. The following phylae are found in our evidence:
Text 2, cn-m-hr: 3rd phyle

3/4, Harmachis: 5th phyle
4, Ns-iswt: 5th phyle
6/7, Amasis: 4th phyle
8, Herieus II: 5th phyle
10, Herieus III: 3rd phyle
Herieusphyle
11, P-hm-ntr/Peteharmais : 3rd phyle
12, Petobastis: 4th/5th phyle
There are two difficulties to contend with here. From the Canopus de
sons were assigned to the same tribe as their fathers. The fact that H
belong to the phyle of his father cn-m-hr can be explained by Euerg
institution of a fifth tribe (cf. p. 250). The members of the famil
Herieus III, however, all belong to different phylae, and for Petob
mentioned. Perhaps the numbers bearing on Herieus II and III sh
elsewhere too the text exhibits signs of slovenliness. However, I prefe
and leave the question open, rather than to do violence to our sources
reconciliation.
Text 3 seems to suggest that Cn-ibd hrw X V s8 V nb is part of the title "scribe of Ptah
and Arsinoe Philadelphos." In other texts too, n-ibd, often together with imj-s.t-c, is
close to the title discussed. Little is known about imj-s.t-c, and cn-ibd has remained un-
explained; 38 I would therefore like to take a closer look at both.
It is striking that Ns-iswt/Petobastis (Text 1) and cn-m-hr (Text 2) bear precisely
136 See e.g. E. Otto, art. cit., Doc. 7: s8 n s8 tp, 138 The interpretation of n-ibd given by E. Drioton
in Bull. Inst. Eg., XXXIII (1950-1951), 250-52, is
sV I V.nw, s LV.nw; on cn-ibd n p3 V 8s, cf. n. 70 above.
See also W. Otto, Priester und Tempel, I, 30. untenable.
137 Priester und Tempel, I, 31.
the same title: imj-s.t-c (n pr Pth) n hrw XV n s' tp nb. Harmachis, too, i
hrw XV sD tp nb on the stele Vienna 155.139 Hence the equation of imj-s.t-
The mention of a phyle with imj-s.t-' occurs further only for Amas
imj-s.t-' n s' IV. nw nb, where ss n Pth immediately follows).141 In Texts
is also called "scribe of Ptah and - qL"Ad&8EAqo" in the fourth phyle.
The addition of n hrw XV to imj-s.t-' as well as to cn-ibd is notable. The
was already known in the OK and NK and belongs within the frame
service which alternated on a monthly basis.142 In Ptolemaic times the te
certainly fixed at fifteen days.143 The title imj-s.t-' should be clearly dis
similar specific sacerdotal titles such as imj-Dh.t-'.144 Kees defines it as "e
Mitglieder der Stundenpriesterschaft bezeugtes Amt in der Stiftung
verwaltung."145 His translation "Assistant" is, in my opinion, rathe
"Manager"146 or "employd",147 being nearer to the basic meaning of s.t-'
Firchow,148 seem better. Still, Firchow's interpretation of imj-s.t-'
Bezeichnung der im Gottesdienst neben den Priestern Beschaftigten,"
the sense that these "Beschdiftigten" did not always exist "neben" th
could be a part of the priesthood. In two very similar recitals of sacerdot
the NK149 they are listed after the hm.w-ntr, the ss.w, the hrj.w-hb,150
wcb.w. The meaning "judge," which D. Wildung151 attempts to derive
maic word (imj-s.t-') for "heart," 152 is in my opinion impossible when seen
cal context. Apparently, the title, translated literally "who is respons
means "priest performing in tribal service" or "officiating priest." 152a
As regards cn-ibd, this title should be equated with ~n-sD, as appears fr
tion of stele Vienna 155 (Cn-sD n hrw XV s: V nb) with the other docume
Harmachis. These two titles are only attested for the Memphite milieu in
era.'5a W. Otto presumes that 'n-s' is nothing else than C-n-sD which
JvAapXog in the Greek version of the Canopus decree, but he labels
139 Wreszinski, Inschriften Wien, pp. 108-9. 147 J. Pirenne, Histoire des institutions et du droit
140 The same conclusion can be drawn from a prive de l'ancienne Egypte (Brussels, 1932-1935), II,
comparison of British Museum 380 and Louvre D 13; 257-58; III, 316.
cf. D. Wildung, op. cit., p. 149, n. 9. 148 0. Firchow, "Zu (len \Vortverbindungen mit
141 Cf. E. Otto, art. cit., Doc. 5, 1. 2. s.t," .48S, LXXIX (1954), 92.
142 Cf. n. 49 above (text Ib); WVb. I 72, 12; 157, 4. 149 A. Gardiner, "Tuthmosis III Returns Thanks to
See further H. Kees, "Die Phylen undl ihre Vorsteher Amun," JEA, XXXVIII (1952), 16 (62); 18 (88);
im Dienst dter Tempel und Totenstiftungen," Orien- squatting statue of the vizier IVsr in the Louvre,
talia, 17 (1948), 71-90; 314-25; esp. pp. 79 ff. Urk. IV, 1033, 1. 6. Cormpare stele Cairo 84007
143 Cf. H. Kees, DJas Priestertrn im (igyptischen (Thutmosis I) cf. H. Gauthier, Le personnel du dieu
Staat vor Neuen Reich bis zur Spiitzeit ("Probleime JIin ("Rechercher (d'Archologie, dte Philologie et
der Aegyptologie," 1 [1953]), 304; Nachtriiye, p. 26 d'Histoire," III [Cairo, 1931], 36.
(with examples for the Saitic period); idetm, ZAS, 150 In both texts not the hrj-sign but 11b stands
LXXXVI (1961), 125. between h an(t b!
144 J. Yoyotte's remark, "Pritres et sanctuaires 151 Op. cit. (n. 84 above), p. 16, n. 8.
du nome hdliopolite i la Basse Epocque," BIFAO, 152 H. W. Fairman, "Some Unrecorded Ptolemaic
LIV (1954), 90, n. 8, concerning iimj- h.t-c, "'celuiWor(ds," zJfS, XCI (1964), 4-5.
qui agit d(ans l'Akhet,' sacerdoce caract6ristique du 152a A bibliography and a discussion of this title
territoire (I'Heliopolis: Ce serait une 'variante will be found in R. A. Parker, .4 S(uite Ormcle Pipyrus
solaire' (lu titre courant imij-st-c, 'celui qui est dans Thebes (Rhode Island 1962), pi. 30. Yet I cannot
from
la place du bras,'"' is in my opinion incorrect. An concur with his explanation "Ritual Assistant," MAI
interl)retation coincides with that of Alliot, Les
outward(ly similar priestly
Sauneron, "Remarques title et
de philologie is iij-.h.t, cf. S..ftes d'Horu.n ("IFA O, Bibl. 'lEtude," XX [Cairo,
(d'tymologie,"
ildlanges Mariette ("IFAO, Bibl. d'Etu(le," XXXII1949 54]), 1). 27, n. 3 has written on this title. Coin-
[Cairo, 1961]), 231-32.
145 H. Kees, ZAS, LXXXV (1960), 48. pare also more
Mleulenaere in recently, inm.j-st-c-"intendant":
lIDAIK, XXV (1970), 95. de
146 A. Gardiner, JEA, XXXVIII (1952), 16, 18. 153_ \b. I 191, 7-8.
"sehr unsicher," because the cn-s' sometimes represents all five phy
that this objection is sufficient to reject the identification of en-s: wi

In all probability 'n is nothing but a late spelling for c'-n (AN-)
matter, ci-n-s~ is also written c-n-s 156 The identification of Cn-s)
significant interpretation of the latter possible as well, namely as m
great one of the month," with a definition of the term of duty "f
indeed very understandable that "the great one of the phyle for fi
called "the great one of the month for fifteen days," since the phy
actually functioned for a complete month, the duration of serv
later on.
The mention of imj-s.t-', the general designation for a priest in tribal service, and of
Cn-ibd, the head of the phyle ( AoapXos) on duty for half a month, in the immediate
vicinity of the title discussed above, suggests a connection between the priests' per-
formance in tribal service and their office of "scribe of Ptah and Arsinoe Philadelphos."
This connection, however, remains obscure.
Conclusion.
Shortly after her death in 270 B.C. Arsinoe was deified. As in many other localities,
she was also incorporated into Egyptian cultus at Memphis, the preeminent religious
center. Under Ptolemy II a sanctuary was built for her worship, looked after by the
high priest, who mentions this priesthood among his sacerdotal titles. Our information
on the high priests in the second century is very limited. For this period, however,
another family of priests is known, one of whose priestly titles reads "scribe of Ptah and
Arsinoe Philadelphos." The assembled data suggest the possibility that this title was
borne by only one man at a time, that it was hereditary, but that it passed from one
family to another a few times, presumably due to difficulties of succession. The chrono-
logical list apparently provides an unbroken sequence down to 76 B.C. One undated
priest, however, remains, whom I am inclined to situate later. The mention of phylae
and sacerdotal titles associated with tribal service does not help us to attain a concrete
idea of the organization of the ministry.
It is striking how few new insights have been gained in the more than fifty years
since W. Otto wrote his Priester und Tempel in hellenistischen Aegypten in the actual
organization of the various cults, the precise meaning of many priestly titles, and the
practical exercise of cumulated sacerdotal offices.157
A clepsydra in the Oriental Institute in Chicago (Pls. II and III), which associates
Arsinoe's name with Ptah's, is probably one of the cult-objects used in the worship of
Arsinoe Philadelphos, sunnaos thea of Ptah at Memphis.
154 Priester und Tempel, I, 25-26. cn-ibd for "the and Chaapis (5995 = 5856) as the equivalent of
five phylae" is also known; cf. the instances cited "phylarchos," but in Harmachis' case it is not equated
in n. 70 above. with cn-ibid; cf. PP III 5358. In my opinion all
155 I can imagine that in smaller sanctuaries, bearerswhere of the title cn-ibd may also be classified under
there were but few priests in each phyle, thethe same
heading "phylarques."
man was phylarchos of all five tribes. Compare the 156 W. Erichsen, Demotisches Glossar (Copenhagen,
opinion of S. R. K. Glanville in JEA, XIX (1933), 37: 1954), p. 54.
"in the Merton papyrus the implication is that 157 Thus, for example, J. A. S. Evans's study of
Petosiris was the sole phylarch for the five phylae the temple of Soknebtunis at Tebtunis ("A Social
represented." On the phylarchos himself we know nextand Economic History of an Egyptian Temple in the
to nothing. As far as I know, the word does not occurGreco-Roman Period," Yale Classical Studies, XVII
in Greek papyri as a priestly title. For Egyptian docu-[1961], 143-283), although very well-ordered, does
ments cf. PP III, pp. 125-26. H. de Meulenaere not, in my opinion, really improve much on Otto's
regards the title cn-sl of Harmachis (5986 = 5358) work in its essential aspects.
KEITH C. SEELE
February 13, 1898--July 23, 1971

EDITOR, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 1948-1971

Quaegebeur, Documents Concerning A Cult of Arsinoe Philadelphos at Memphis 1

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Documents concerning a Cult of Arsinoe Philadelphos at Memphis

Author(s): Jan Quaegebeur

Near Eastern Studies

DOCUMENTS CONCERNING A CULT OF ARSINOE

JAN QUAEGEBEUR, Seminar of Egyptology, University of Louvain

IN a paper entitled "Ptol6m'e II en adoration devant Arsino6

F 4 Mick QU Ot 1 114 6t r 4^# W

1 ? FhS l Gi-?. d --- 9g5 t1- d A

TEXTS CONCERNED WITH A CULT OF ARSINOE PHILADELPHOS

H. Swift, Director and Curator, respectively, of the Oriental Institute in C

they were no longer studied as a whole. Yet in 1956 there ap

Berenice II, Arsinoe III, or Cleopatra III-who also had their ow

ntr.w-sn.w; in the Canopus decree, too, mention

und Tempel, I, 204 ff., and PP III, where Imhotep,

found willing to incorporate the cult of Arsinoe and that

1. Stele British Museum No. 379 = App. No. 17

(vert.) 51 imj-s.t-ca n pr Pth n hrw XVb n s3 tp nbc...

1 irsin3).t ntr.t mr-sng :s.th

(hor.) 21 ... hm-ntr ... nb(.t)-ta.wj irsin:.t ntr.tCirsi3)JDntr~tmr-s::)).t

lands 'I Arsinoej thea philadelphosg, Isis,

a The translation "Assistant," almost universally employed, is not adopted here

I The eye z.- occurs in several renderings of the name Arsin

of the name OlIAtros (Arrhidaeus): a(~ O , where t is rendered by and .~

2. Stele Vienna No. 153 = App. No. 18.

31 ... s n 1 Pth n 8s III.nw nb hw.t-ntr Mn-nfr hma s3.t-nsw sn.t-nsw hm.t-nsw

Cirsin3.tD nr.t mr-sn m hw.t-ntr n.tb

b ,Ccn-ibd for fifteen days" can be compared with imj-s.t-c n hrw XV in

4. Stele British Museum No. 391.

imj-s.t-c cn-ibd sA n Pth r-ma ti mr-snb n s3 V nb n ntr.w-mnh.wc

a r-m, already mentioned in Wb. II 397, is a hieroglyphic rendering of the Late-

nMtr.w-mnk.w = 4 7TPOuOvObauGIE7uat 7TEFL7TrI7 ?4VA-9 civ E cEpY7Eov oEcvo.75 In my opinion this

5. Fragmentary Statue Strasbourg No. 1381.

This monument, containing a very lacunary hieroglyphic t

alcn-ibd n hrw XV sv . r...s. Br a ntr.t mr-sn n si ...

a The reading of the name is uncertain and, as rendered by Spiegelberg, unusua

6. Stele Louvre C 316 = Serapeum Stele 427.

Among the various priesthoods we find:

cn-ibd n hrw XV imj-s.t-c n sad n Pth r-m ti mr-sn si IV nb

7. Stele Bologna Inv. No. 1943.

8s [Pth]a r-m t8 mr-sn n 8s IV.nw nb

8. Stele British Museum No. 378.

81 G. Kminek-Szedlo, Catalogo di Antichit4z p. 111, and checked them against T. C. Skeat's

Amasis, PP III 5351, and tj-sj (= t'-di-wsir).88 Converted da

mj.-s.t-ca 71 Cn-bd n hrw XV n as IVb.nw nb hw.t-ntr Mn-nfr ... 81 . ss Pth ss n t3-mr-sn

9. Offering table Louvre N 427a = App. No. 24.

Both, therefore, were "scribe of Ptah and of CArsinoeD Philadelphos."

10. Stele Louvre C 124 = N 275.

On 1. 5 we read Hr.w mc-h&rw ms nb(.t)-pr n hm-ntr Nfr-tm Hr-cnh m:c-hrw, "Herieus,

is the missing patronymic while the name of the son (Psammetichos?

and the temple of ? 'LAasEAooS-, n.-ibd for fifteen days.

a The meaning of this n is not clear. The old m-identicum is

12. Stele Vienna No. 82.

S4 Edda Bresciani, "Stele demotiche dal Serapeo

CLEPSYDRA---ORIENTAL INSTITUTE No. 16875. DETAIL: KING BEFORE PTAH

CLEPSYDRA-ORIENTAL INSTITUTE No. 16875. GENERAL VIEW

13. Stele Louvre E 7819 = C 264 = C 295.

phyle, also [scribe] of CArsinoeD [thea] philadelphos.

a Or restore [4w.t-ntr], i.e. also [of the temple] of Arsinoe, etc.

Ptha irsnfw h.tb nb Cnh n0 pr[.k]d tr.wje

a The h-sign is written 'with only two loops. This notation

from the added determinative t in the n

phonetic values can be clearly illustrated by tracing the rendering of the o

f in nfr: wr.-nfr = oye~ )eN oyse / OiEpaevov/oos;108