Chapter 6 Practice Test

1. A system at a state of chemical equilibrium is

A) microscopically dynamic and macroscopically static.
B) microscopically dynamic and macroscopically dynamic.
C) microscopically static and macroscopically static.
D) microscopically static and macroscopically dynamic.
E) none of these
2. Which of the following statements is true?
A) When two opposing processes are proceeding at identical rates, the system is at equilibrium.
B) Catalysts are an effective means of changing the position of an equilibrium.
C) The concentration of the products equals that of the reactants and is constant at equilibrium.
D) An endothermic reaction shifts toward reactants when heat is added to the reaction.
E) None of the above statements is true.
3. Which of the following statements concerning equilibrium is not true?
A) A system that is disturbed from an equilibrium condition responds in such a way as to restore equilibrium.
B) Equilibrium in molecular systems is dynamic, with two opposing processes balancing one another.
C) The value of the equilibrium constant for a given reaction mixture is the same regardless of the direction from which
equilibrium is attained.
D) A system moves spontaneously toward a state of equilibrium.
E) The equilibrium constant is independent of temperature.
4. Indicate the mass action expression for the following reaction:
2X(g) + Y(g) 3W(g) + V(g)
A) [X]2[Y][W]3[V]
 W  V
3

B)  X 2  Y
 3W   V 
C)
 2X   Y 
 X  Y
2

D)  W 3  V
5. If, at a given temperature, the equilibrium constant for the reaction H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2HCl(g) is 6.0, then the equilibrium
constant for the reaction HCl(g) (1/2)H2(g) + (1/2)Cl2(g) can be represented as
A) 6.0.
B) 36.
C) 0.41.
D) 0.17.
E) 0.028.
6. The value of the equilibrium constant K depends on:
I. the initial concentrations of the reactants.
II. the initial concentrations of the products.
III. the final concentrations of the reactants.
IV. the final concentrations of the products.

A) I and II only
B) II and III only
C) III and IV only
D) three of these
E) none of these
7. The value of the equilibrium constant K is dependent on:
I. the temperature of the system.
II. the nature of the reactants and products.
III. the concentration of the reactants.
IV. the concentration of the products.
 A) I and II only
B) II and III only
C) III and IV only
D) three of these
E) none of these
8. Choose the mass action or equilibrium expression for the reaction
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
[SO3 ]2
[SO 2 ]2 [O 2 ]2
A)
[SO3 ]
[SO 2 ] [O 2 ]
B)
[SO 2 ]2 [O 2 ]
[SO3 ]2
C)
[SO3 ]2
[SO 2 ]2 [O 2 ]
D)
E) none of these
9. The equilibrium constant for A + 2B 3C is 1.0  10-6.
Determine the equilibrium constant for 4A + 8B 12C.
A) 4  10-6
B) 1.0  10-24
C) 1.0  10-6
D) 4  10-24
E) 1.0  1024
10. For the hypothetical reactions 1 and 2, K1 = 102 and K2 = 10-4.
1. A2(g) + B2(g) 2AB(g)
2. 2A2(g) + C2(g) 2A2C(g)
3. A2C(g) + B2(g) 2AB(g) + (1/2)C2(g)
What is the value for K for reaction 3?
A) 10-2
B) 104
C) 106
D) 102
E) 10-4
11. The value of Kp for the reaction H2(g) + O2(g) H2O2(g) is 2.3  106 at 640K. Determine the value for K for this reaction
at 640K.
A) 4.4  104
B) 2.3  106
C) 1.2  108
D) 4.3  10-7
E) 1.2  1010
12. For the reaction 2NCl3(g) N2(g) + 3Cl2(g), the equilibrium pressures are
P(NCl3) = 0.160 atm
P(N2) = 2.31 atm
P(Cl2) = 0.0565 atm
Determine Kp for this reaction.
A) 0.816
B) 0.0163
C) 1.22
D) 7.75
E) 61.4
13. The reaction
H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)
has Kp = 45.9 at 763 K. A particular equilibrium mixture at that temperature contains gaseous HI at a partial pressure of 3.50
atm and hydrogen gas at a partial pressure of 0.230 atm. What is the partial pressure of I2?
A) 0.230 atm
B) 0.332 atm
C) 1.16 atm
D) 0.663 atm
E) 38.7 atm
14. For the reaction 2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(g), what is the relationship between K and Kp at temperature T?
A) K = Kp
B) K = Kp(RT)2
C) Kp = K(RT)2
D) K = Kp(RT)
E) Kp = K(RT)
15. Consider the equation 2NOCl2(g) 2NO(g) + Cl2(g). The equilibrium constant is 0.0136 at 115°C. Calculate Kp.
A) 0.0136
B) 0.433
C) 43.9
D) 0.128
E) 4.27  10-4
16. For the reaction below, Kp = 1.16 at 800.°C.
CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)
If a 25.0-g sample of CaCO3 is put into a 10.2-L container and heated to 800.°C, what percent of the CaCO3 will react to reach
equilibrium?
A) 23.7%
B) 53.8%
C) 13.4%
D) 100.%
E) 47.4%
17. At –75°C, K for the reaction
N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)
is 4.66  10–8. We introduce 0.036 mol of N2O4 into a 2.1-L vessel at –75°C and let equilibrium be established. The total
pressure in the system at equilibrium will be
A) 0.23 atm.
B) 0.28 atm.
C) 0.11 atm.
D) 0.56 atm.
E) 4.66  10–8 atm.
18. Consider the reaction
CaCl2(s) + 2H2O(g) CaCl2•2H2O(s)
What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction as written?
[CaCl 2 •2H 2 O]
[CaCl2 ] [H 2 O]2
A)K =
1
[H 2 O]2
B) K =
1
[CaCl2 ] [H 2 O]2
C) K =
D) K = [H2O]2
[CaCl2 •2H 2 O]
[H 2 O]2
E) K=
Use the following to answer question 19:
Consider the following equilibrium:

H2(g) + I2(s) 2HI(g) H = +68.0 kJ/mol

19. Which of the following is the proper Keq expression?

[H 2 ] [I 2 ]
A) [HI]
 H 2   I2 
B)  HI 2
 HI
C)
 H2 
[HI]2
[H 2 ] [I 2 ]
D)
[HI]2
[H 2 ]
E)
20. Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous equilibrium?
A) NH4NO3(s) N2O(g) + 2H2O(g)
B) H2(g) + I2(s) 2HI(g)
C) CaCl2(s) + 2H2O(g) CaCl2•2H2O(s)
D) 2N2O(g) + N2H4(g) 3N2(g) + 2H2O(g)
E) none of these
21. What is the equilibrium expression for the following reaction?
NH4NO3(s) N2O(g) + 2H2O(g)
[N 2 O] [H 2 O]2
[NH 4 NO3 ]
A)
B) [N2O][H2O]2
[NH 4 NO3 ]
[N 2 O] [H 2 O]2
C)
[N 2 O] [H 2 O]
[NH 4 NO3 ]
D)
E) none of these
Use the following to answer question 22:
Nitric oxide, an important pollutant in air, is formed from the elements nitrogen and oxygen at high temperatures, such as those
obtained when gasoline burns in an automobile engine. At 2000°C, K for the reaction N 2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g) is 0.01.
22. A 1-L container originally holds 0.4 mol of N2, 0.1 mol of O2, and 0.08 mol of NO. If the volume of the container holding the
equilibrium mixture of N2, O2, and NO is decreased to 0.5 L without changing the quantities of the gases present, how will their
concentrations change?
A) The concentration of NO will increase, and the concentrations of N2 and O2 will decrease.
B) The concentrations of N2 and O2 will increase, and the concentration of NO will decrease.
C) The concentrations of N2, O2, and NO will increase.
D) The concentrations of N2, O2, and NO will decrease.
E) There will be no change in the concentrations of N2, O2, and NO.
23. For a particular system at a particular temperature, there are ______ equilibrium constant(s) and _______ equilibrium
position(s).
A) an infinite number of, one
B) one, an infinite number of
C) one, one
D) an infinite number of, an infinite number of
E) none of these

24. Consider the reaction

2NOBr(g) 2NO(g) + Br2(g)
A 1.0-L vessel was initially filled with pure NOBr at a pressure of 3.8 atm and 300 K. At equilibrium, the partial pressure of
NOBr was 2.0 atm. Determine the value of Kp for the reaction.
A) 0.81
B) 1.4
C) 0.73
D) 1.6
E) 0.90

Use the following to answer question 25:

Consider the equation 2A(g) 2B(g) + C(g). At a particular temperature, K = 1.6  104.

25. If you mixed 5.0 mol B, 0.10 mol C, and 0.0010 mol A in a 1-L container, in which direction would the reaction initially
proceed?
A) To the left.
B) To the right.
C) The above mixture is the equilibrium mixture.
D) We cannot tell from the information given.
26. Consider the following reaction:
2HF(g) H2(g) + F2(g) (K = 1.00  10–2)
Given 1.06 mol of HF(g), 0.820 mol of H2(g), and 1.12 mol of F2(g) are mixed in a 5.00-L flask, determine the reaction quotient,
Q, and the net direction to achieve equilibrium.
A) Q = 0.866; the equilibrium shifts to the right.
B) Q = 0.817; the equilibrium shifts to the left.
C) Q = 0.866; the equilibrium shifts to the left.
D) Q = 0.817; the equilibrium shifts to the right.
E) Q = 1.37; the system is at equilibrium.
27. Consider the decomposition of hydrazine as shown below.
N2H4(g) 2H2(g) + N2(g)
At a certain temperature, Kp = 2.5  103. When pure hydrazine is placed in an otherwise empty vessel at this temperature,
equilibrium is reached after 30.0% of the hydrazine has decomposed. Calculate the partial pressure of hydrogen gas at
equilibrium.
 A) 54 atm
B) 76 atm
C) 127 atm
D) 5776 atm
E) none of these
28. A sample of solid NH4NO3 was placed in an evacuated container and then heated so that it decomposed explosively according to
the following reaction:
NH4NO3(s) N2O(g) + 2H2O(g)
At equilibrium, the total pressure in the container was found to be 2.03 atm at a temperature of 500°C. Calculate Kp.
A) 33.5
B) 4.12
C) 1.83
D) 1.24
E) 2.03
29. Consider the following reaction:
2NOCl(g) 2NO(g) + Cl2(g)
Initially pure NOCl(g) is placed in a vessel at 3.00 atm. At equilibrium, 0.416% of the NOCl has decomposed. Determine the
value for Kp.
A) 5.21  10–5
B) 1.09  10–7
C) 2.18  10–7
D) 6.24  10–3
E) 2.72  10-8

Use the following to answer question 30:

Nitric oxide, an important pollutant in air, is formed from the elements nitrogen and oxygen at high temperatures, such as those
obtained when gasoline burns in an automobile engine. At 2000°C, K for the reaction N 2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g) is 0.01.

30. Predict the direction in which the system will move to reach equilibrium at 2000°C if 0.4 mol of N 2, 0.1 mol of O2, and 0.08 mol
of NO are placed in a 1.0-L container.
A) The system remains unchanged.
B) The concentration of NO will decrease; the concentrations of N2 and O2 will increase.
C) The concentration of NO will increase; the concentrations of N2 and O2 will decrease.
D) The concentration of NO will decrease; the concentrations of N2 and O2 will remain unchanged.
E) More information is necessary.

Use the following to answer question 31:

Consider the following equilibrium:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
with K = 2.3  10–6. 1.00 mol each of all reactants and products is placed in a 1.00-L container.

31. Which way will the reaction initially proceed?

A) To the right.
B) To the left.
C) The system is at equilibrium.
D) We need to know the temperature.
E) none of these
32. Consider the reaction
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
at constant temperature. Initially a container is filled with pure SO3(g) at a pressure of 2 atm, after which equilibrium is allowed
to be reached. If y is the partial pressure of O2 at equilibrium, what is the value of Kp?

 2  2y
2

A)
 y2   2 y 
  2  y
2

B)
 y2   y / 2
 2  y
2

C)    
2
2y y

 2  2y
2

 2y  y
2

D)
E) none of these

Use the following to answer question 33:

Consider the following reaction (assume an ideal gas mixture).
2NOBr(g) 2NO(g) + Br2(g)
A 3.0-L vessel was initially filled with pure NOBr, at a pressure of 3.6 atm, at 300 K.

33. After equilibrium was established, the partial pressure of NOBr was 2.3 atm. What is Kp for the reaction?
A) 0.73
B) 0.21
C) 0.42
D) 1.2
E) 0.07

Use the following to answer question 34:

Consider the equation 2A(g) 2B(g) + C(g). At a particular temperature, K = 1.6  104.

34. If you start with 2.0 M of chemical A, calculate the equilibrium concentration of chemical C.
A) 8.3  10–3 M
B) 6.25  10–5 M
C) 2.0 M
D) 0.98 M
E) 1.6  10–2 M
35. The following reaction is investigated (assume an ideal gas mixture).
2N2O(g) + N2H4(g) 3N2(g) + 2H2O(g)
Initially there are 0.10 mol of N2O and 0.30 mol of N2H4, in a 20.0-L container. If there is 0.050 mol of N2O at equilibrium, how
many moles of N2 are present at equilibrium?
A) 0.15
B) 0.067
C) 0.075
D) 0.15
E) 0.050

Use the following to answer question 36:

Consider the equation 2A(g) 2B(g) + C(g). At a particular temperature, K = 1.6  104.

36. At a higher temperature, K = 1.8  10–5. If you start with 2.0 M of chemical A, calculate the equilibrium concentration of
chemical C.
A) 6.0  10–3 M
B) 2.6  10–2 M
C) 1.0 M
D) 2.1  10–2 M
E) none of these
37. At a given temperature, the equilibrium constant K for the reaction
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
 is 3.0  109. If 2.80 mol of SO2 and 4.06 mol of O2 are placed in a 1.78-L container and allowed to react to equilibrium at this
temperature, what is the concentration of SO3 at equilibrium?
A) 2.28 M
B) 1.57 M
C) 3.85 M
D) 0.708 M
E) 3.15 M
38. At a certain temperature, K for the reaction
2NO2 N2O4
is 7.5 L/mol. If 2.0 mol of NO2 is placed in a 2.0-liter container and permitted to react at this temperature, calculate the
concentration of N2O4 at equilibrium.
A) 0.39 mol/L
B) 0.65 mol/L
C) 0.82 mol/L
D) 7.5 mol/L
E) none of these

Use the following to answer questions 39-41:

Consider the following equilibrium:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
with K = 2.3  10 . 1.00 mol each of all reactants and products is placed in a 1.00-L container.
–6

39. Calculate the equilibrium concentration of N2.

A) 0.5 M
B) 1.0 M
C) 1.5 M
D) 2.0 M
E) 2.5 M
40. Calculate the equilibrium concentration of H2.
A) 0.5 M
B) 1.0 M
C) 1.5 M
D) 2.0 M
E) 2.5 M
41. Calculate the equilibrium concentration of NH3(g).
A) 7.3  10–3 M
B) 3.7  10–3 M
C) 5.4  10–5 M
D) 4.3  10–6 M
E) none of these
42. Nitrogen gas (N2) reacts with hydrogen gas (H2) to form ammonia (NH3). At 200°C in a closed container, 1.1 atm of nitrogen
gas is mixed with 2.1 atm of hydrogen gas. At equilibrium, the total pressure is 2.2 atm. Calculate the partial pressure of
hydrogen gas at equilibrium.
A) 2.1 atm
B) 0.60 atm
C) 0.70 atm
D) 0.0 atm
E) 1.8 atm
43. Consider the equation A(aq) + 2B(aq) 3C(aq) + 2D(aq). 42.6 mL of 0.052 M A is mixed with 23.8 mL 0.107 M B. At
equilibrium, the concentration of C is 0.0418 M. Calculate K.
A) 2.4 10-4
B) 0.060
C) 0.027
D) 3.8
E) 0.0026
Use the following to answer question 44:

Consider the following equilibrium:

H2(g) + I2(s) 2HI(g) H = +68.0 kJ/mol

44. Which of the following statements about the equilibrium is false?

A) If the system is heated, the right side is favored.
B) This is a heterogeneous equilibrium.
C) If the pressure on the system is increased by changing the volume, the left side is favored.
D) Adding more H2(g) increases the equilibrium constant.
E) Removing HI as it forms forces the equilibrium to the right.

Use the following to answer question 45:

Consider the following reaction (assume an ideal gas mixture).
2NOBr(g) 2NO(g) + Br2(g)
A 3.0-L vessel was initially filled with pure NOBr, at a pressure of 3.6 atm, at 300 K.

45. After equilibrium was reached, the volume was increased to 2.0 L, while the temperature was kept at 300 K. This will result in
A) an increase in Kp.
B) a decrease in Kp.
C) a shift in the equilibrium position to the right.
D) a shift in the equilibrium position to the left.
E) none of these
46. Ammonia is prepared industrially by the following reaction:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
For the reaction, H° = –92.2 kJ and K (at 25°C) = 4.0  108. When the temperature of the reaction is increased to 500°C, which
of the following statements is true?
A) K for the reaction will be larger at 500°C than at 25°C.
B) At equilibrium, more NH3 is present at 500°C than at 25°C.
C) Product formation (at equilibrium) is not favored as the temperature is raised.
D) The reaction of N2 with H2 to form ammonia is endothermic.
E) None of these is true.
47. Given the reaction A(g) + B(g) C(g) + D(g). You have the gases A, B, C, and D at equilibrium. Upon adding gas A, the
value of K
A) increases because whenn A is added, more products are made, increasing the ratio of product to reactant.
B) decreases because A is a reactant, so the ratio of product to reactant decreases.
C) does not change because A does not figure in the ratio of product to reactant.
D) does not change as long as the temperature is constant.
E) depends on whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic.
48. For a certain reaction at 25.0°C, the value of K is 1.2  10-3. At 50.0°C the value of K is 3.4  10-1. This means that the reaction
is
A) exothermic
B) endothermic
C) We need more information.
49. To increase the value of K for the exothermic reaction
2H2(g) + O2(g) H2O(g)
we should
A) increase the total pressure.
B) decrease the total pressure.
C) increase the temperature.
D) decrease the temperature.
E) Two of these are necessary.

Use the following to answer questions 50-51:

Consider the equation 2A(g) 2B(g) + C(g). At a particular temperature, K = 1.6  104.
50. Addition of chemical B to an equilibrium mixture of the above will
A) cause [A] to increase.
B) cause [C] to increase.
C) have no effect.
D) cannot be determined
E) none of these
51. Raising the pressure by lowering the volume of the container will
A) cause [A] to increase.
B) cause [B] to increase.
C) have no effect.
D) cannot be determined
E) none of the these

Use the following to answer questions 52-53:

Consider the following reaction:
PCl5 (g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) H = -89 kJ

52. How can the equilibrium be shifted to the right?

A) Add more PCl5.
B) Decrease the pressure by changing the volume.
C) Remove Cl2.
D) Remove PCl3.
E) Any of these will shift the equilibrium to the right.
53. Which of the following statements is false?
A) Adding PCl3 to the container shifts the equilibrium to form more PCl5.
B) Increasing the temperature shifts the equilibrium to form more PCl3.
C) Decreasing the volume of the container shifts the equilibrium to form more PCl5.
D) Removing PCl5 from the container shifts the equilibrium to form more PCl3.
54. Which of the following statements is true?
A) Increasing the temperature of a system at equilibrium always increases the amount of product.
B) Increasing the temperature of a system at equilibrium always decreases the amount of product.
C) Increasing the temperature of a system at equilibrium changes the value of the equilibrium constant.
D) Changing the temperature of a system at equilibrium does not affect the equilibrium position.
E) none of these
55. When the substances in the equation below are at equilibrium at pressure P and temperature T, how can the equilibrium be
shifted to favor the products?
CuO(s) + H2(g) Cu(s) + H2O(g)
Change in enthalpy = -2.0 kJ.
A) Decrease the temperature.
B) Add a catalyst.
C) Increase the pressure by adding an inert gas such as nitrogen.
D) Increase the pressure by means of a moving piston at constant temperature.
E) Allow some gas to escape at constant pressure and temperature.

Use the following to answer question 56:

Consider the equation 2A(g) 2B(g) + C(g). At a particular temperature, K = 1.6  104.
56. Placing the equilibrium mixture in an ice bath (thus lowering the temperature) will
A) cause [A] to increase.
B) cause [B] to increase.
C) have no effect.
D) cannot be determined
E) none of these

Answer Key

1. A 11. C 21. B 31. B 41. A 51. A

2. A 12. B 22. C 32. D 42. B 52. E
 3. E 13. C 23. B 33. B 43. C 53. D
4. B 14. D 24. C 34. D 44. D 54. C
5. C 15. B 25. A 35. C 45. C 55. A
6. E 16. B 26. B 36. B 46. C 56. B
7. A 17. B 27. B 37. B 47. D
8. D 18. B 28. D 38. A 48. B
9. B 19. E 29. B 39. C 49. D
10. B 20. D 30. B 40. E 50. A
.