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treatment). Consideration should be given to the corrosive media before requirements of Practice E of Practices A262. Practice E of
using a stabilization anneal at less than 1800° F [980° C], as such a Practices A262 is not required unless specified on the purchase
treatment may not be fully effective for all media.
order.
7.2.4 Strain-Hardened Austenitic Grades—When a particu- 7.2.4.1 Individual product specifications are permitted to
lar austenitic grade is desired with increased mechanical define particular strain hardened conditions as functions of
properties, the purchaser is permitted to specify a strain grade, size, and degree of strain hardening.
hardened condition. This condition is produced by solution
annealing the product in accordance with 7.2.1, followed by 7.2.5 Hot-Rolled Austenitic Grades—Individual product
strain hardening sufficient to meet the required mechanical specifications are permitted to define requirements for particu-
properties. The solution annealed and strain hardened material lar hot-rolled austenitic grades without annealing.
shall be capable of meeting the intergranular corrosion test
7.2.6 Except when strain-hardened (see 7.2.4), UNS permit dissolution of intermetallic phases, and cooling rapidly
N08020 shall be furnished in the stabilized annealed condition enough to prevent unacceptable precipitation of intermetallic
in accordance with Table 2, with subsequent light cold drawing phases.
for cold finishing and straightening permitted. 7.3.2.2 Process annealing shall consist of completing hot
7.3 Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) Grades: working above the minimum annealing temperature required
7.3.1 The austenitic-ferritic (duplex) grades shall be fur- for each grade as indicated in Table 2, and cooling rapidly
nished in the solution annealed condition in accordance with enough to prevent unacceptable precipitation of intermetallic
Table 2, with subsequent light cold drawing for cold finishing phases.
and straightening permitted. 7.4 Ferritic Grades—Ferritic grades shall be annealed to
7.3.2 Except as indicated in Table 2, the duplex grades shall meet their respective mechanical testing requirements as
be annealed, at the option of the manufacturer, by a separate shown in the applicable product specification.
annealing treatment or by process annealing. 7.5 Martensitic Grades:
7.3.2.1 The separate annealing treatment shall consist of 7.5.1 All martensitic grades shall be supplied in either the
heating the material to the minimum annealing temperature for annealed condition or in the tempered condition as specified by
the grade as listed in Table 2, holding for a sufficient time to the purchaser. Tempered material shall be normalized, or shall
A
Turned bars are generally available from 2 to 25 in. [50 to 625 mm] in diameter, over 8 in. [200 mm] only turned bars are available.
B
Out-of-round is the difference between the maximum and minimum diameters of the bar measured at the same cross section.
C
Out-of-square section is the difference in the two dimensions at the same cross section of a square bar, each dimension being the distance between opposite faces.
D
Size tolerances have not been evolved for round sections in the size range of 5⁄16 in. [8.00 mm] to approximately 5⁄8 in. [15.5 mm] in diameter which are produced on
rod mills in coils.
Over 2 to 21⁄2 [50.00 to 63.00], incl 3⁄64 [1.20] 3⁄64 [1.20] 3⁄64 [1.20]
Over 21⁄2 to 31⁄2 [63.00 to 90.00], incl 1⁄16 [1.60] 1⁄16 [1.60] 1⁄16 [1.60]
TABLE 5 Permitted Variations in Thickness and Width for Hot-Finished Flat Bars Rolled as Bars
Permitted Variations in Thickness for Thicknesses Given, in. [mm] Permitted
Variations in
Specified Width, 18⁄ to ⁄
12 Over ⁄ to 1
12 Over 1 to 2 Over 2 to 4 Over 4 to 6 Over 6 to 8 Width, in,
in. [mm] [3.2 to 13], incl [13 to 25], incl [25 to 50], incl [50 to 100], incl [100 to 150], incl [150 to 200], incl [mm]
Over Under Over Under Over Under Over Under Over Under Over Under Over Under
To 1 [25.00], incl 0.008 0.008 0.010 0.010 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.015 0.015
[0.20] [0.20] [0.25] [0.25] [0.40] [0.40]
Over 1 to 2 [25.00 to 0.012 0.012 0.015 0.015 0.031 0.031 ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.031 0.031
50.00], incl [0.30] [0.30] [0.40] [0.40] [0.80] [0.80] [0.80] [0.80]
Over 2 to 4 [50.00 to 0.015 0.015 0.020 0.020 0.031 0.031 0.062 0.031 ... ... ... ... 0.062 0.031
100.00], incl [0.40] [0.40] [0.50] [0.50] [0.80] [0.80] [1.60] [0.80] [1.60] [0.80]
Over 4 to 6 [100.00 to 0.015 0.015 0.020 0.020 0.031 0.031 0.062 0.031 0.093 0.062 ... ... 0.093 0.062
150.00], incl [0.40] [0.40] [0.50] [0.50] [0.80] [0.80] [1.60] [0.80] [2.40] [1.60] [2.40] [1.60]
Over 6 to 8 [150.00 to 0.016 0.016 0.025 0.025 0.031 0.031 0.062 0.031 0.093 0.062 0.125 0.156 0.125 0.156
200.00], incl [0.40] [0.40] [0.65] [0.65] [0.80] [0.80] [1.60] [0.80] [2.40] [1.60] [3.20] [4.00] [3.20] [4.00]
Over 8 to 10 [200.00 to 0.020 0.020 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.031 0.062 0.031 0.093 0.062 0.125 0.156 0.156 0.187
250.00], incl [0.50] [0.50] [0.80] [0.80] [0.80] [0.80] [1.60] [0.80] [2.40] [1.60] [3.20] [4.00] [4.00] [4.80]
to Condition T or H, and when age hardening the precipitation from each heat and each heat-treating charge. Where continu-
hardening grades, a lot shall consist of the same size, same ous heat-treating furnaces are used, a lot shall consist of one
heat, and the same heat treat charge in a batch-type furnace or size classification from each heat, heated in a period of 8 h or
under the same conditions in a continuous furnace. less.
11.2.1 For forgings weighing from 1000 lb [500 kg] to 5000 11.2.2 For all classes of forgings weighing from 5000 to
lb [2500 kg] each, a lot shall consist of one size classification 7000 lb [2300 to 3200 kg], each unit shall be considered a lot.
TABLE 7 Permitted Variations in Size of Cold-Finished TABLE 8 Permitted Variations in Size of Cold Finished
Round Bars Hexagonal, Octagonal, and Square Bars
Permitted Variations from Specified Permitted Variations from
Specified Size, in. [mm] Size, in. [mm]A,B Specified Size,
A
Specified Size, in. [mm] in. [mm]B
Over Under
Over Under
⁄ to 5⁄16 [1.50 to 8.00], excl
1 16 0.001 [0.03] 0.001 [0.03]
⁄ to 1⁄2 [8.00 to 13.00], excl
5 16 0.0015 [0.04] 0.0015 [0.04] ⁄ to 5⁄16 [3.00 to 8.00], excl
18 0 0.002 [0.05]
1⁄2 to 1 [13.00 to 25.00], excl 0.002 [0.05] 0.002 [0.05] 5⁄16 to 1⁄2 [8.00 to 13.00], excl 0 0.003 [0.08]
1 to 11⁄2 [25.00 to 38.00], excl 0.0025 [0.06] 0.0025 [0.06] 1⁄2 to 1 [13.00 to 25.00], incl 0 0.004 [0.10]
11⁄2 to 31⁄4 [38.00 to 83.00], inclC 0.003 [0.08] 0.003 [0.08] Over 1 to 2 [25.00 to 50.00], incl 0 0.006 [0.15]
31⁄4 to 4 [83.00 to 100], inclC 0.005 [0.13] 0.005 [0.13] Over 2 to 3 [50.00 to 75.00], incl 0 0.008 [0.20]
Over 3 [75.00] 0 0.010 [0.25]
A
Unless otherwise specified, size tolerances are over and under as shown in
A
the above table. When required, however, they may be specified all over and Distance across flats.
B
nothing under, or all under and nothing over, or any combination of over and under, When it is necessary to heat treat or heat treat and pickle after cold finishing,
if the total spread in size tolerance for a specified size is not less than the total size tolerances are double those shown in the table.
spread shown in the table.
B
When it is necessary to heat treat or heat treat and pickle after cold finishing,
size tolerances are double those shown in the table.
C
Cold-finished bars over 4 in. [100 mm] in diameter are produced; size made in the longitudinal direction. Testing for bars cut from
tolerances for such bars are not included herein. strip or plate shall conform to the requirements of the appli-
cable product specification for the strip or plate and to
11.2.3 For all classes of forgings weighing more than 7000 Specification A480/A480M. Hardness tests on bars shall be
lb [3200 kg], each unit shall be considered a double lot, and conducted midway between the center and surface of the
two tension tests shall be required, one from each end of each product. Tension tests on forgings shall be prepared from
forging. In the case of ring forgings, the tension test specimens suitable prolongations, or at the option of the supplier, excess
shall be removed from each of two locations on the periphery, forgings may be provided for test. All tests shall conform to the
approximately 180° apart, and insofar as practicable, from chemical and mechanical requirements of the product specifi-
opposite ends of the forging. cation.
12.2 One intergranular corrosion test, when required, and
12. Number of Tests and Retests one grain size test, when required shall be made on each lot.
12.1 Unless otherwise specified in the product specification, Often, it is convenient to obtain test material from the
one sample per heat shall be selected for chemical analysis and specimen selected for mechanical testing.
one mechanical test sample shall be selected from each lot of 12.3 If any test specimen shows defective machining or
bars and shapes and from each lot of forgings. Except for bars flaws, it is permitted to discard the specimen and to substitute
cut from strip or plate, tension tests of bars and shapes shall be another specimen.
1⁄16 to 3⁄8 [1.50 to 9.50], incl 0.005 [0.12] 0.005 [0.12] Cold finished:
1⁄16 in. [1.5 mm] in any 5 ft [1.5 m]; but may not exceed
Over 3⁄8 to 1 [9.50 to 25.00], incl 0.004 [0.10] 0.004 [0.10]
1⁄16 in. [1.5 mm] x (length in ft/5) [m/1.50]
Over 1 to 2 [25.00 to 50.00], incl 0.006 [0.15] 0.004 [0.10]
Over 2 to 3 [50.00 to 75.00], incl 0.008 [0.20] 0.004 [0.10] A
Straightness tolerances have not been established for sizes less than 1⁄2 in.
Over 3 to 41⁄2 [75.00 to 115.00], incl 0.010 [0.25] 0.005 [0.13]
[6.50 m].
A
Channel depth is measured at back of web.
B
For channels 5⁄8 in. [15.50 mm] and under in depth, the out-of-square tolerance is 5⁄64 in./in. [2.00 mm/mm] of depth. Out-of-squareness is determined by placing a
square against the bottom surface of the web and measuring the amount of toe-in or toe-out of either flange. Measurements for depth of section and width of flanges are
over-all.
Over 11⁄2 to 2 [38.00 to 50.00], 3⁄32 [2.40] 3⁄32 [2.40] 0.018 [0.46] 0.018 [0.46] 0.015 [0.38] 0.030 [0.75] 3⁄32 [2.40]
incl
Over 2 to 3 [50.00 to 75.00], ⁄
9 64 [3.60] ⁄
9 64 [3.60] 0.023 [0.60] 0.023 [0.60] 0.023 [0.60] 0.030 [0.75] ⁄
9 64 [3.60]
excl
A
The longer member of an unequal tee determines the size for tolerances.
B
Measurements for both width and depth are over-all.
C
Stem out-of-square is the variation from its true position of the center line of stem measured at the point.
TABLE 16 Permitted Variations in Size of Hot-Extruded Shapes TABLE 18 Length Tolerances for Extruded Shape LengthA,B
Section Tolerances, in. [mm] For Lengths up to 12 ft For Lengths over 12 ft
Specified Size, in [mm] Specified Size [4 m], incl. [4 m]
Over Under
Over Under Over Under
Dimensions under 1 [25] 0.020 0.020 Up to 3 in. [75 mm], excl 3⁄16 in. [4.8 mm] 0 1⁄4 in. [6.5 mm] 0
[0.50] [0.50] A
Multiple Lengths—Unless otherwise specified, 1⁄4 in. [6.5 mm] is added to the
Dimensions 1 to 3 [25 to 75], excl 0.031 0.031
total length of each piece for each multiple contained.
[0.80] [0.80] B
Random Lengths—When ordered as random lengths, permissible variation is
Dimensions 3 to 4 [75 to 100], incl. 0.046 0.046
2 ft [0.6 m] over and under the specified length. When ordered as random lengths
[1.20] [1.20]
subject to a minimum length requirement, permissible variation is 2 ft [0.6 m] over
Over 4 [100] 0.062 0.062
and nothing under the specified length.
[1.60] [1.60]
(Mandatory Information)
A1.1 New materials may be proposed for inclusion in A1.1.3 The application shall be accompanied by test data as
specifications referencing this Specification of General Re- required by the applicable specification. Test data from a
quirements, subject to the following conditions: minimum of three test lots, as defined by the specification, each
A1.1.1 The application for the addition of a new grade to a from a different heat, shall be furnished.
specification shall be made to the chairman of the subcommit- A1.1.4 The application shall provide recommendations for
tee which has jurisdiction over that specification. all requirements appearing in the applicable specification.
A1.1.2 The application shall be accompanied by a statement A1.1.5 The application shall state whether the new grade is
from at least one user indicating that there is a need for the new covered by patent.
grade to be included in the applicable specification.
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. RATIONALE REGARDING DEFINITION OF LOT FOR MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND CORROSION TESTING
X1.1 It is generally recognized that material described as a X1.3 The old definition of a lot for mechanical testing
lot must be “produced under the same processing conditions,” based on simply the words “same size, heat, and heat treatment
which means the same manufacturing order number, same size, charge in a batch furnace” assumes that heat treating is the only
same heat, same heat-treating procedure, and same subsequent process affecting properties. This kind of definition ignores the
processing. Under those conditions, single samples can be effects of other processing, prior to and subsequent to heat
selected to be representative of the total lot, with at least one treating. Moreover, it assumes that each heat-treated batch will
sample for each 20 000 pounds of material. be uniform and unique rather than reproducible. In reality, heat
X1.2 Following the principle described in X1.1 generally treating is a process which can be controlled easily throughout
requires that the producer control each of several furnace loads a batch and from batch to batch, with the net result that
constituting the same lot so that: multiple batches can be considered part of a single lot if
X1.2.1 Set point temperature and process tolerance match, equipment and processing parameters meet the mandates of
X1.2.2 Time at temperature for all thermal treatment shall X1.1 and X1.2.
match within 10 %,
X1.2.3 All furnaces used be similar in size and meet the X1.4 The sampling specified for mechanical properties is
uniformity requirements of a documented furnace quality not a statistical sampling plan. Therefore, it provides only
assurance program and, typical data. Assurance of uniformity within the lot can be
X1.2.4 The quench systems are the same with respect to obtained only by the producer adequately controlling the
volume, type of quenchant, and circulation rate. processing parameters.
X1.2.5 Further, it would be expected that grouped loads be
handled within a relatively short time period, and that hardness
testing be performed on at least one sample per charge.
X2.1 Bar coding to identify steel is not specifically ad- steel products and proposes that this bar coding standard be
dressed in Committee A01 specifications. Committee A01 considered as a possible auxiliary method of identification.
endorses the AIAG bar code standard for primary metals for
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A484/A484M – 09) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2010.)
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A484/A484M – 10) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Feb. 15, 2011.)
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
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