SKEMA JAWAPAN BAB 1 TINGKATAN 5

Question 1

No. Suggested answer Marks

(a) (i) P : Leucocyte / White blood cells / Phagocytes / Monocyte / 1 2
Neutrophyll/ monosit
Q : Lymphocytes (limfosit) 1
(ii) P1 : White blood cell / phagocytes engulf the pathogen (fagosit 1 2
akan menelan patogen) 1
P2 : By phagocytosis (fagositosis) 1
P3 : Hyrolytic enzyme / lysozyme digest / breakdown the
pathogen (product are absorbed) (cerna oleh lisozim)
[Any 2]
`(b) (i) Antibody 1 1
(ii) Specific 1 1
(c) (i) Individual X : Artificial / (Acquired) active immunity 1 2
Keimunan aktif buatan 1
Individual Y : Artificial /(acquired) passive immunity
Keimunan pasif buatan
(ii) X : Vaccine (vaksin) 1 2
Y : Antiserum 1
(iii) P1 : In X, after second injection, the concentration of antibody 1 2
increase slowly and become higher than immunity level and
its maintain for a long time.
(pada X, selepas suntikan kedua,kepekatan antibodi akan 1
meningkat secara perlahan dan akan bertambahn tinggi
melepasi aras keimunan serta kekal untuk jangka masa yg
lama)
P2 : In Y, after the second injection, the concentration of
antibody reduce slowly to below the immunity level.
(pada Y, selepas suntikan kedua, kepekatan antibodi akan
berkurang secara perlahan di bawah aras keimunan)
Total 12
Question 2

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) (i) 2 2

3√ :
2m
2√ :
1m
1√ :
0m

(ii) Showing the correct arrow 1 1

(b) (i) The walls of left ventricle is thicker than the right venricle 1 1
(ii) P1 : To withstand the high pressure 1 2
P2 : To pump blood out of the heart to all part of the body. 1
(c) The cardiac muscle is myogenic/ It contracts and relaxes by 1 1
themselves.
(d) F1 : less nerve impulses are generated from SA node to the walls 1 4
of the atria(kurangg impuls saraf yang akan dihasilkan oleh
SA) 1
E1 : contraction of the atria are weakened causing less blood to
enter the ventricles(pengecutan atrium akn lemah 1
menyebabkan kurang darah memasuki ventrikel) 1
F2 : less nerve impulses are sent to the AV node.(kurang impuls
saraf yang dihantar ke AV)
E2 : thus contraction of ventricles are weaker causing less blood
to be pumped out of the heart (ini menyebabkan pengecutan
ventrikel menjadi lemah,kurang darah yang akan dipam
keluar dari jantung)
Total 11
Question 3

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) (i) X : interstitial fluid. 1 1
(ii) Supplies the cell with their cellular requirement / oxygen / 1 1
nutrient / glucose / amino acids // eliminate the excretory
substances / carboin dioxide / urea from the cell
(b) F : Blood flows from arteries into capillaries which have a 1 3
smaller diameter.
E1 : Causes high hydrostatic pressure at the arterial end (of 1
capillaries)
E2 : Forces some fluid out through the blood capillary wall. 1
(c) (i) Y : lymph 1 1
(ii) Fluid Y does not contain erythrocytes and large protein 1 1
molecules as ( they are too large to pass through the capillary
wall)
(iii) P1 : Returns the excess interstitial fluid / fluid X back into blood 1 2
circulatory system
P2 : Lymphocytes produce antibodies ( to destroy pathogen) 1
P3 : Transport lipid, fatt-soluble vitamin / vitamin A, D, E, K to 1
blood circulatory system
[Any 2]
(d) (i) Oedema / tissue become swollen 1 1
(ii) P1 : Excess interstitial fluid accumulates in the spaces between 1 2
the cells
P2 : Because lymph vessels are blocked. 1
P3 : Excess intertitial fluid is not returned to the blood circulatory 1
system.
[Any 2]
Total 12
Question 4

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) (i) Tisu P : floem 1 2
Tisu Q : xilem 1
(ii) P1 : Terdiri daripada tiub berbentuk memanjang / bersambung 1 2
pada hujung sel dengan tiub tapis yang lain
P2 : Dinding antara dua sel tiub memebntuk plat tapis 1
P3 : Memebenarkan sitoplasma dari satu sel tiub dapat bergerak 1
melalui plat tapis ke sel tiub yang bersambung dengannya

Atau

P1 : Tisu P mempunyai sel rakan bersebelahan tiub tapis 1

P2 : Mempunyai mitoondria 1
P3 : Berfungsi untuk membekalkan tenaga kepada tiub tapis 1

[Mana- mana 2]
(b) (i) 1 2
1

(ii) P1 : Floem dibuang 1 3

P2 : Sukrosa /hasil fotosintesis tidak dapat diangkut ke bahagian 1
bawah gelang
P3 : Bahagian bawah gelang mengecut // Bahagian atas gelang 1
membengkak
(c) P1 : Simpan dalam bilik dengan kelembapan udara tinggi 1 3
P2 : Simpan di tempat redup / Cth : bawah pokok / kurang cahaya 1
matahari
P3 : Siram lebih banyak air 1
*Terima mana-mana jawapan yang sesuai
Total 12
Question 5

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) (i) Stoma / stomata / liang stoma 1 2
1
X : allows gaseous exchange ( between the internal air spaces
and the surrounding atmofphere)
membenarkan pertukaran gas ( di antara ruang dalaman dan
atmosfera)
(ii) (lower) epidermis of the leaf / Di epidermis (bawah) daun 1 1
(b) P1 : Intensity of light / Keamatan cahaya 1 2
P2 : Concentration of carbon dioxide / kepekatan karbon dioksida 1
P3 : Temperature / Suhu 1
[Any 2]
(c) P1 : Enables the guard cells to curve outward when turgid 1 2
menyebabkan sel pengawal melengkung ke arah luar
apabila sel segah

P2 : So that the stomatal pore / Stoma opens 1

Supaya stoma terbuka
(d) (i) Chroroplasts / Kloroplass 1 1
(ii) P1 : During the day / in the presence of light, photosynthesis 1 3
takes place in organelles Y
Pada waktu siang // kehadiran cahaya , fotosintesis
dijalankan dalam organel Y

P2 : glucos is produced / glucose contant in the guard cells 1

increases // Osmotic pressure in the sap of the guard cells
increases / become higher than the osmotic pressure in the
cell sap of the surrounding epidermal cells.
Glukkosa dihasilkan / kandungan glukosa dalam sel
pengawal meningkat // Tekanan osmosis sap sel pengawal
meningkat / melebihi tekanan osmosis sap sel epidermis di
sekelilingnya

P3 : Water diffuses from the surrounding epidermal cells into the 1

guard cells by osmosis
Air meresap dari sel epidermis di sekelilingnya ke dalam sel
pengawal secara osmosis

P4 : Guard cells become turgid and curve outward, causing the 1

stoma to open
Sel pengawal menjadi segah lalu melengkung dan
menyebabkan stoma terbuka
[Any 3]
(e) X is closed / X tertutup 1 1
Total 12
Question 6

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) (i) Lymph (limfa) 1 1
(ii) X does not have 2
P1 : Erythrocyte (eritrosit) 1
P2 : Protein plasma 1
P3 : Heamoglobin 1
(X tidak mempunyai heamoglobin/protein plasma tetapi
plasma darah mengandungi heamoglobin/protein plasma)
[Any 2]
(b) P1 : Fatty acid and glycerol diffuce into lacteal of villi 1 2
P2 : Transport by lymphatic system via lymph nodes 1
P3 : Back to blood circulatory system via left and right 1
subclavian vein (and then transport to body cells)
[Any 2]
(c) (i) X : Artificial active immunity (keimunan aktif buatan) 1 2
Y : Artificial passive immunity (keimunan pasif buatan) 1
(ii) X : to increase the production of antibodies as a prevention 1 2
against future infection
(untuk meningkatkan penghasilan antibodi bagi menghalang 1
jangkitan seterusnya)
Y : To supply enough antibodies up to the level of immunity
and able to destroy pathogens quickly
(untuk menyediakan antibodi yg cukup pada aras keimunan
dan boleh memusnahkan patogen dengan cepat)
(iii) 1 2
Individual X Individual Y 1
Long lasting or permanent Short lasting or temporary
(kekal lama) (jangkamasa pendek)
Slow response Immediate response
(tindak balas yang perlahan) (tindak balas segara)

(d) Because HIV viruses destroy the white blood cells / lymphocytes 1 1
(kerana virus HIV telah memusnahkan limfosit/sel darah putih)
Total 12
BAB 2

SKEMA JAWAPAN BAB 2 TINGKATAN 5

Question 1

No Suggest answer Marks

(a) (i) P : Tendon 1 2
Q : Ligament 1
(ii) Connect bone to bone 1 1
(b) Q1 : Ligament are flexible / strong / elastic connective tissue 1 2
Q2 : Permits limited movement so that bone are not dislocated 1
Membenarkan pergerakan yang terhad supaya tulang tetap berada
pada tapaknya.
(c) P1 : Muscle is not connected to bone/otot tidak akan berhubung dgn 1 1
tulang 1
P2 : No movement / pain when moved/tiada pergerakan tangan
berlaku kerana daya tidak dapat dipindahkan dari otot ke tulang.
(d) (i) K : Biceps 1 2
L: Triceps 1
(ii) P1 : Biceps muscle contracts(bisep mengecut) / triceps muscle 1 2
relaxes (trisep kendur) 1
P2 : Contraction of biceps will pull the radius up(pengecutan bisep
akan menarik radius ke atas)
(e)
2

P1 : muscle – biceps thinner compared to triceps 1

P2 : shows tendon connect muscle to bone 1
Total 12
Question 2
No Suggested answer Marks
(a) R : Tendon 1 2
S : Ball and socket joint 1
(b) F : Muscle X and mucles Y act as an antagonistic pair 1 3
Otoy X dan Y bertindak secara antagonis berpasangan 1
P1 : Muscle Y / triseps contract while muscle X / biseps was 1
relaxes
Apabila Y mengecut,X akan mengendur
P2 : to transfer the force by tendon / R tissue to the bone elastic
and
tough) pulled the ulna bone downward (and caused the
forearm is straighten)
utk memindahkan daya kepada R yang bersifat elastik dan
akan menarik ulna kebawah.tangan diluruskan
(c) F : The muscle can only contract / pull out 1 2
Otot hanya boleh mengecut 1
P : It has to be extended back to it original length (to contract again
)
by the contraction of another muscle
Ia hanya akan mengendur apabila otot yg berpasangan
dengannya mengecut.
(d) P1 : Provides surface area for muscle attachment 1 2
Menyediakan permukaan untuk perlekatan otot 1
P2 : Form the joints that enable the bone to move and allowing
Movement 1
Membentuk sendi bagi membolehkan tulang bergerak
P3 : Support the body / forearm weight
Memberi sokongan kepada tubuh
[Any 2]
(e) F : The forearm cannot bend / straightens 1 3
Tangan tidak boleh dibengkokkan/diluruskan 1
P1 : When the muscle X or Y contract 1
Apabila otot X atau Y mengecut
P2 : The pulling force (produced by contraction of muscle ) is not
transmit to the radius / ulna
daya tidak dapat dipindahkan kepada radius / ulna
Total 12

Question 3

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) (i) X : Neral canal 1 2
Y :Spinous process 1
(ii) X : Provide the passage of spinal cord 1 2
 Y : Provides surface for the attachment of muscles. 1

(b) A pair of vertebrarterial canals 1 2

To allow the vertebrae to pass through to the brain 1
(c) P1 : Have two facet / artificulating surfaces on the transverse 1 3
process
and the centrum 1
P2 : Forming point of the articulation for the rib // Attachment of
rib 1
to the transverse process / thoracic vertebrae 1
P3 : Allow the rib to move upwards and downwards
P4 : Has long spinal process / neural spine for muscles attachment
to
the rib cage
[Any 3]
(d) P1 : suffers from osteoarthritis 1 3
P2 : Z is a layer of cartilage 1
P3 : Cartilages degenerates / worn out and cause friction between 1
the
bone during movement 1
P4 : Joint Is painful and the patient having difficulties in movement
[Any 3]
Total 12

Question 4
No Suggested answer Marks
(a) (i) Earthworm: longitudinal (muscle) and circular (muscle) 1 2
Fish: myotome 1

(ii) Earthworm: hydrostatic (skeleton) 1 2

Fish: endoskeleton 1

(b) Set 1 2
L1: when circular muscle/ muscle Y contract, longitudinal muscle / 1
muscle X relaxes
L2: earthworm becomes thinner and longer 1

Set 2
S1: when longitudinal muscle / muscle X contract, circular muscle / 1
muscle Y relaxes
S2: earthworm becomes thicker and shorter 1
[Any one set]
(c) F1: Z is intervertebral disc 1 2
E1: the vertebral column can’t move / shock is not absorbed // 1
increase friction (between vertebral) leads to back pain
 (d) F1: is caused by progressive degeneration and weaknesses of 1 2
skeletal 1
muscle 1
P1: becaused of mutated gene on X chromosome
P2: so mainly affects boys
[Any 2]
(e) P1: Damage / ruin the diaphragm 1 2
P2: diaphragm looses / less elasticity 1
P3: volume of thoracic cavity / air pressure cannot be controlled 1
P4: difficulties in breathing 1
[Any 2]
Total 12

Question 5
No Suggested answer Marks 2
(a) (i) K : (otot )biseps 1 2
M : tendon 1

(ii) Kuat / tidak kenyal 1 1

(iii) P1 : K dan L otot antagonis 1 3
P2 : K mengecut , L mengendur 1
P3 : M memindahkan daya tarikan ken radius 1
P4 : Radius ditarik ke atas 1
[Any 3]
(b) P1 : membekalkan oksigen dan glukosa yang mencukupi kepada K 1 2
dan L 1
P2 : membolehkan respirasi sel berlaku 1
P3 : menghasilkan tenaga yang mencukupi 1
P4 : untuk pengecutan otot K / L
[Any 2]
(c) (i) Distrofi otot 1 1
(ii) P1 : penyakit terangkai seks 1 3
P2 : disebabkan gen mutan 1
P3 : yang terdapat pada kromosom X 1
Total 12
Question 6
No Suggested marks Marks
(a) (i) X : ligament 1 2
Y : tendon 1
(ii) 1 2
1

*Any one X and on Y labelled correctly

(iii) P1 : (ice) decrease tissues tempurture/(rendahkan suhu tisu 1 2
terlibat). 1
P2 : provides vasoconstrition // narrow the blood vessels(salur 1
darah akan mengecil) 1
P3 : decrease / slow down the blood flows to the affected 1
area(aliran darah di kawasan terlibat akan berkurang) 1
P4 : reduce fluid building in the affected area(ini akan
mengurangkan pembentukan cecair di kawasan terlibat) 1
P5 : (ice) numbs the area (can reducing pain)(mengurangkan
kesakitan) 1
P6 : create a soothing feeling to the inflammation // heat increase
inflammation
P7 : low tempurture reduce nerve condution velocity // lowering
the
speed of impulses(suhu rendah juga mengurangkan halaju
impuls saraf)
P8 : low tempurture reduce tissue metabolism // oedema(ia juga
mengurangkan metabolisme tisu)
[any 2 ]
(b) (i) Fibula 1 1
 (ii) P1 : to immobilize / realign bone(mengekalkan tulang pada 1 3
posisinya) 1
P2 : prevent affected bone from moving / to prevent further injury 1
P3 : bone cells / tissues then build / grow new bone cells / tissues // 1
repair / connect the fracture / broken bone
P4 : artificial bone used to replace severely damaged / discard bone
[any 3 ]
(iii) P1 : food rich in calsium to increase bone mass 1 2
P2 : calsium is important in the formation of bone mass 1
P3 : high with Vitamin D to increase reabsorption of calsium 1
[any2 ]
Total 12

SKEMA JAWAPAN BAB 3 TINGKATAN 5

Question 1

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) P : Thyroxin hormone 1 2
R : Growth hormone 1
(b) (i) Follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) 1 1
(ii) Estrogen hormone 1 1
(c) E1 : More ADH will increase the permerability of distal 1 3
convoluted tubule and collecting duct 1
E2 : More water is reabsorbed into the blood capillary 1
E3 : Urine become less and more concentrated
(d) E1 : Hormone R stimulate growth 1 3
E2 : Lack of hormone R cause stunted growth in Y 1
E3 : Over secretion of hormone R cause gigantism in X 1
(e) F : Its secreted hormones which control the activities of other 1 2
endocrine glands to secrete their hormones 1
E : FSH control the secretion of estrogen in ovary ( or any other
examples)
Total 12

Question 2

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) P : Afferent neuron 1 2
Q : Efector 1
(b) F : Coordination starts with the stimulus and end with the 1 3
response
E1 : Receptor detect stimulus and triggers nerve impulse 1
 E2 : Afferent neuron transmit nerve impulse to central nervous 1
/ brain
E3 : Central nervous / brain and nervous interpreted /integrate 1
the
impulse / information 1
E4 : Impulse transmit to efector along efferent neuron to
produce response
[F with any 2E]
(c) F1 : Impulse travel from dendrite to axon terminal in a neuron // 1 2
impulse travel from terminal axon to dendrite in a synapse
E2 : To make sure / to cause impulse travel in one direction 1
(d) F : Impulse cannot transmit from receptor to CNS / brain and 1 3
spinal cord
E1 : Brain cannot interpreted / integrate the impulse / 1
information
E2 : Stimulus cannot detects 1
(e) 2
Voluntary action Involuntary action
F : Impulse transmit from the Impulse transmit from the 1
brain to skeletal muscle medulla oblongata to smooth
muscle / cardiac muscle /
gland
E : Example kicking ball Example hearth beat / 1
peristalsis

Total 12

Question 3

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) F1 : Ultra filtration/ 1 3
Ultraturasan 1
P1 : The difference size of afferent arteriole ade efferent arteriole/ 1
Saiz diameter arteriol afferent adalah lebih besar berbanding 1
arteriol efferent.
P2 : Cause high hydrostatic pressure 1
Wujud tekanan hidrostatik yang tinggi.
P3 : Some components in blood plasma is filtered out from the
glomerulus into the lumen of Bowmen’s capsule
Sebahagian bahan yg bersaiz kecil akan terturas ke dalam kapsul
Bowmen
P4 : Forms the glomerular filtrate
Membentuk hasil turasan seperti molekul air,garam
mineral,glukosa.
 Saiz arteriol …tekanan hidrostatik ….hasil turasan
kecil..…cth.[Any 3]
(b) The size of protein plasma and erythrocytes are to pass through the 1 1
glomerulus
Saiz bahan tersebut adalah besar dan tidak boleh merentasi
Glomerulus
(c) (i) Patient A : Kidney failure/ kegagalan buah pinggang 1 2
Patient B : Diabetes mellitus / kidney failure 1
(ii) F1 : (patient A suffers kidney failure ) because the concentrationof 1 2
filtrate content in distal convoluted tubule (s) is higher in
protein (amino acid) compared to in proximal convoluted
tubule (r) 1
1

kepekatan asid amino di dalam tubul berlingkar distal(20.0)

adalah tinggi berbanding di dalam tubul berlingkar 1
proksimal(8.0).
P1 : Protein molecules are too large to pass through glomerulus
Molekul protein adalh besar untuk merentasi Glomerulus
P2 : In normal person, amino acid is reabsorbed into blood
capillaries
bagi org normal, asid amino akn diserapsemula ke dalam kapilari
darah.
[Any 1]

F2 : (Patient B suffers diabetes mellitus) because the concentration

of filtrate content in distal convoluted tubule (s) is higher with
glucose compared to in proximal convoluted tubule (r)
kepekatan glukosa di dalam tubul berlingkar distal adalah
tinggi berbanding dlm tubul berlingkar proksimal.
P1 : In normal person. Glucose are reabsorbed into the blood
Capillaries
Bagi org normal,glukosa akn diserapsemula ke dlm kapilari
darah
[Any 1]
(iii) F1 : S is proximal convoluted tubule, R is distal convoluted tubule 1 2
S ialah tubul berlingkar proksimal manakala R ialah tubul 1
berlingkar distal. 1
P1 : Urea in S higher compared to R 1
Urea di S adalah tinggi berbanding R
P2 : Due to the process of secretion 1
Disebabkan oleh proses rembesan
P3 : Urea, uric acid and ammonium are secreted from blood
 stream into the distal convoluted tubule
urea,asid urik dan ammonium akn dirembeskan dari salur darah ke
dalam tubul berlingkar distal
P4 :By active transport
Secara pengangkutan aktif
[Any 2]
(d) P1 : Less ADH results in distal convoluted tubule and collecting 1 2
duct
kurang ADH dirembes ke tubul berlingkar distal dan tubul 1
pengumpul 1
P2 : less permeable to water 1
Menyebabkannye kurang telap terhadap air 1
P3 : Less water is absorbed into the blood capillaries
Kurang air diserapsemula kedlm kapilari darah
P4 : More urine volume
Banyak air kencing dihasilkan
P5 : Less concentrated urine produced/ air kencing cair

[Any 2]
Total 12

Question 4

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) (i) Dialysis machine/ mesin dialisis 1 1
(ii) P1 : During heamodialysis, patient’s blood is pumped out from 1 3
artery in the arm and flow into the dialysis machine
semasa dialysis,darah pesakit akn dipam keluar daripada arteri 1
pada lengan dan mengalir ke dlm mesin dialysis. 1
P2 : The blood flow through semi permeable tube in the machine 1
Darah tersebut akn mengalir melalui membrane separa telap di
dalam mesin dialisis 1
P3 : Blood has higher concentration of urea and salts
Darah tersebut mengandungi kepekatan urea dan garam yg tinggi 1
P4 : Urea and salts diffuse out through the semi permeable tube
into dialysis fluid 1
urea dan garam akn meresap keluar melalui membrane separa
telap ke dalam cecair dialysis.
P5 : Dialysis fluid contains lower concentration of urea and salts
compare to the blood
cecair dialysis mengandungi kepekatan urea dan garam yang
rendah berbanding darah.
P6 : The blood is returned back in the body through vein in the
same arm
 darah kemudiannya akn mengalir balik ke dlm tubuh pesakit
melalui vena pada lengan yg sama
P7 : Concentration of urea and salts in the blood // blood osmotic
pressure back to normal range
kepekatan urea dan garam akn kembali kepada normal.
[Any 3]
(b) (i) Volume of urine is less and concentrated 1 1
isipadu sedikit dan pekat
(ii) P1 : Salts “sup tulang “ cause the blood osmotic pressure increase 1 3
Garam dalam sup tulang menyebabkan tekanan osmotic darah 1
meningkat 1
P2 : More ADH secretes by pituitary gland 1
Kelenjar pituitary akn merembeskan lebih byk ADH
P3 : Wall of nephrone in kidneys become more permeable to water
Ketelapan dinding ginjal terhadap air akn meningkat.
P4 : More water reabsorb into blood capillary by osmosis
Lebih byk air diserapsemula ke dlm kapilari darah
[Any 3]
(c) (i) Notes : 2
3 labels correct 2
2 labels correct 1
1 label correct 0
(ii) P1 : All glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed into blood 1 2
Capillary
Semua glukosa dan asid amino telah diserapsemula ke dlm 1
kapilari darah
P2 : At proximal convoluted tubules
Pada tubul berlingkar proksimal
Total 12

Question 5

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) (i) Ultra filtration (ultraturasan) 1 1
(ii) F : High hydrostatic pressure (tekanan hidrostatik yang tinggi) 1 2
P1 : Caused by the bigger diameter of the afferent arteriole 1
compared to the efferent arteriole (disebabkan oleh saiz
diameter arteriol afferent yang lebih besar berbanding dgn 1
arteriol eferen)
P2 : Many constituents of the blood to be filtered out into the
Bowman’s capsule (menyebabkan bahan bersaiz kecil akan
terturas ke dalam Kaprul Bowmann)
[Any 2]
(b) P2 : Glucose / amino acids is present in Q but absent in R 1 2
Glukosa / asid amino hadir di Q tetapi tidak di R. 1
 P3 : R contain more urea / uric acid / ammonia compared to Q 1
R (tubul pengumpul)mengandungi lebih banyak urea/asid
urik/ammonia berbanding Q.(tubul berlingkar proksimal)
[Any 2]
(c) (i) ADH // Antidiuretic hormone 1 1
(ii) P1 : During hot day, more sweat is produced 1 3
Semasa hari panas,banyak peluh yang dihasilkan. 1
P2 : The blood osmotic pressure is high 1
Tekanan osmotic darah akn meningkat 1
P3 : More ADH is secreted by pituitary gland 1
Lebih byk ADH dirembeskan oleh kelenjar pituitari 1
P4 : Increase the permeable of collecting duct to water 1
Ketebalan dinding tubul pengumpul akn meningkat
P5 : More water is reabsorbed
Lebih banyak air diserapsemula
P6 : Blood osmotic pressure back to normal
Tekanan osmotic darah akn kembali ke normal
P7 : Less urine produced // urine becomes more concentrated
Sedikit dan pekat air kencing dihasilkan.
[Any 3]
(d) P1 : The concentration of urea and salts are higher in the blood 1 3
compared to dialysis fluid (kepekatan urea dan garam adalah
tinggi dalam darah berbanding cecair dialysis) 1
P2 : As the blood flow through the coiled tubing / dialysis
machine/ excess urea and salts diffuse across the tubing walls
into dialysis fluid (apabila darah mengalir melalui tiub 1
berlingkar, urea berlebihan dan garam meresap ke dinding
tiub iaitu ke cecair dialysis) 1
P3 : Therefore, urea and excess salts can be removed from the
patient’s blood (oleh itu urea dan garam berlebihan akan
disingkirkan dari darah pesakit)
P4 : Osmotic pressure can be maintained at normal level (tekanan
osmotic darah akn kembali kepada normal)
[Any 3 ]
Total 12
Question 6

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) (i) P : hair (shaft) 1 2
S : sweat gland 1
(ii) Cell specialization 1 1
(iii) P1 : When Q/ hair erector muscles relax, hair shaft lowers and lie 1 3
against skin
P2 : P / hair shaft trap less air, so warm air is not trapped against 1
the skin and heat is lost to the surrounding
P3 : R / hair gland secrete sweat onto the surface of the skin to 1
cool the body/ heat lost to the surrounding
(b) P1 : Wash face twice daily 1 4
E1 ; To remove impurities, dead skin cells, and extra oil from 1
skin’s surface

P2 : Avoid exposing skin without any sun block / moisturizer / 1

foundation
E2 : Because oil particles in the air can coat your skin and clog 1
your pores

P3 : Eat fruits and vegetables 1

E3 : Because these foods rich in Vitamin A and E and good for 1
healthy skin
[Any2 pairs]
(c) P1 : Cause skin cancer 1 2
P2 : Due to UV light penetration 1
Total 12
 SKEMA JAWAPAN BAB 4 TINGKATAN 5

Question 1

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) (i) X : Meiosis 1 2
Y : Pollen grains 1
(ii) P1 : Have 2 nuclei i.e tube nucleus and generative nucleus 1 2
P2 : Haploid 1
P3 : Have very rough surface 1
[Any 2]
(b) (i) Pollination 1 1
(ii) P1 : Pollinating agent ( wind / water / animal) 1 2
P2 : Transfer the pollen onto the stigma 1
P3 : Pollen grain will stick onto the surface of the stigma 1
[Any 2]
(c) (i) P1 : One male gamete will fuse with the egg cell to form a diploid 1 3
zygote
P2 : Another male gamete will fuse with 2 polar nuclei to form 1
triploid nucleus
P3 : Both process take place at the same time // double fertilization 1
occurs
(ii) P1 : Diploid zygote will development to form an embryo 1 2
P2 : Triploid nucleus will developed to form the endosperm tissue 1
P3 : Endosperm tissue nourishes the developing embryo 1
[Any 2]
Total 12
Question 2

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) P : Golgi apparatus 1 4
Q : Ribosome / Rough endoplasmic reticulum 1
R : Nucleus / chromosome 1
S : Mitochondrion 1
(b) P : Modify protein // packing protein // transport protein 1 2
S : tapak penjanaan tenaga. 1
(c) Organelle S / Mitochondrion 1 1
(d) (i) t1 : Zone of cell division 1 3
t2 ; Zone of cell expansion / elongation 1
t3 : Zone of differentiation 1
(ii) t3 // Zone of differentiation 1 1
(iii) P1 : Epidermal cell 1 2
P2 : phloem cell 1
P3 : xylem cell 1
P4 : root hair cell 1
[Any 2]
Total 12

Question 3

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) (i) Cytokinesis 1 1
(ii) E1 : Vesicle (produce by the golgi apparatus ) collect fuse at the 1 2
middle of the cell to form cell plate
E2 : The cell plate extends and joins the plasma membrane 1
(b) (i) Meiosis 1 1
(ii) D1 : Plasma membrane present 1 2
D2 : Crossing over between non-sister chromatids 1

(c) (i) Culture tissue / cloning 1 1

(ii) P1 : Pieces of meristematic tissue (explants ) are cut from the shoot 1 3
P2 : Then culture in sterile medium contain nutrient and plant 1
hormone at suitable pH and temperature
P3 : Cell / tissue divide by mitosis rapidly to produce callus 1
 P4 : Callus differentiate to plantlet then planted in the field 1
[Any 3]
(d) Cancer 1 1
Total 11

Question 4

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) (i) (bandalir )amnion 1 1
(ii) Mengurangkan geseran // sebagai kusyen untuk menyerap hentakan 1 1
(b) P1 : Karbon dioksida 1 2
P2 : Urea 1
(c) P1 : Tidak 1 2
E1 : Kerana sistem peredaran darah fetus terpisah daripada sistem 1
peredaran darah ibu
(d) P1 : Asap rokok mengandungi nikotin 1 3
P2 : Saiz nikotin yang kecil meresap masuk ke sistem peredaran 1
fetus
P3 : Menyebabkan keguguran fetus / kecacatan fetus 1
(e) P1 : Plasenta merembeskan homon progestron 1 3
P2 : Keppekatan progestron akan meningkat 1
P3 : Mnegekalkan ketebalan dinding uterus 1
Total 12

Question 5

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) Flower / bunga : A 1 2
Reason / sebab : Stamen (s) // anther (s) // no ovary / tiada ovari 1
(b) (i) Germination / percambahan 1 1
(ii) Pollen tube // tiub debunga 1 1
(iii) 2

Drawing / lukisan 1
Labeling / melabel 1
(c) P1 : A male gametes fused / fertilized with an egg cell to form a 1 2
diploid zygote
Satu gamet jantan bergabung / mempersenyawakan sel telur
untuk menghasilkan zigot diploid
 P2 : Another male gametes fused / fetilised with two polar nuclei 1
cells to form a triploid nucleus
Satu gamet jantan bergabung / mempersenyawakan du apolar
sel untuk menghasilakan nukleus triploid

P3 ; Generative nucleus divide by mitosis to produce two male 1

nuclei
Nukleus generative membahagi secara mitosis untuk
menghasilkan dua nukleus

P4 : Tube nucleus controls the growth direction of the pollen tube 1

towards ( the embryo sac ) in the ovule
Mengawal arah pertumbuhan tiub debunga kea rah (pundi
embryo ) dalam ovule

(d)
Nucleus in polleh grain
Nukleus dalam butir debunga
P1 : Haploid
P2 : Produced by meiosis
Dihasilkan melalui meiosis
P3 ; involved in reproduction
Terlibat dalam pembiakan
[Any 2]
2x1 2
Nucleus in a guard cell
Nukleus dalam sel pengawal
Diploid
Produced by mitosis
Dihasilkan melalui mitosis
Not involved in reproduction
Tidak terlibat dalam
pembiakan

[Any 2]
(e) P1 : Formation of gamete through meiosis to produce variation 1 2
Pembentukan gamet secara maiosis untuk menghasilkan variasi

P2 : Formation of endosperm to provide nutrient for embryo during 1

germination of seed
Pembentukan tisu endosperma untuk membekal nutrient kepada
embrio semasa percambahan biji benih
Total 12
Question 6

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) (i) Metaphase 1 1
(ii) P1 : The spindle fibre holds on the centromer of the chromosome 1 2
P2 : The chromosome are arranged / aligned at the plate / metaphase 1
plate
(b) C,D,A,B 1 1
(c) P1 : Cell division unregulated / very fast 1 2
P2 : Form a mass of abnormal cells 1
P3 : Called tumour 1
[Any 2]
(d) (i) P1 : The leaf divide by mitosis 1 2
P2 : Forming a group of cells 1
P3 : In suitable pH / temperature 1
[Any 2]
(ii) P1 : New plants are genetically identical to the parent cell 1 2
P2 : No change of genetic material 1
P3 : Have the same chromosome number as the parent cell 1
P4 : No reduction in the chromosomal number 1
P5 : Easily get disease // shorter life span 1
P6 : Have the same body resistance against disease 1
[Any 2 ]
(e) P1 : Zone M is the zone of division 1 2
P2 : Consists of meristimatic cell 1
P3 : That divide actively / continuosly 1
P4 : By mitosis 1
[Any 2]
Total 12
 SKEMA JAWAPAN BAB 5 TINGKATAN 5

Question 1

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) (i) Dd 1 1
(ii) dd 1 1
(b) (i) Dd or dd 1 1
(ii) Polydactyl // or normal (any one correct correspondingly) 1 1
(c) (i) 3

(ii) blood group O 0% 1 1

(d) (i) - Discontinuous variation
- Continuous variation
(ii)
Discontinuous variation
There is so gradual change
between the two extreme
characteristics // The
characteristic fall into distinct
categories / no intermediates
Graph consists of separate bar
charts // Do not give a normal
distribution
1 2
1
2
Continuous variation
There is complete range of
measurements (for a particular
characteristic ) // differences 1
between individuals are slight
with intermediates / gradual
change
The graph has a normal 1
distribution // bell shaped curve
1
 It is normal controlled by a
single gene
Is described as qualitative /
characteristics can be either
present or absent
It is not influenced by
environmental conditions
A large number of genes are
usually involved 1
Is described as qualitative /
characteristics can be measured 1
It is influenced by environmental
conditions

*Any pair of difference

Total 12

Question 2

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) P1 : Hemophilia is inherited by a recessive allele that 1 2
P2 : Linked to the X chromosome (melalui alel resesif yg terangkai pada 1
kromosom x)
(b) (i) 1 3
1
1

(ii) 25% 1 1
(c) P1 : Non of the girls are carries because they receive one dominant 1 3
allele (XH) from their father
tiada dlm kalangan ank perempuan yg merupakan pembawa
kerana mereka meneria satu alel dominan XH dari bapa.
And
1
P2 : One dominant allele (XH ) from their mother 1
Satu allel dominan XH dari ibu
P3 : None of the boys are hemophiliacs because they receive dominant
allele (XH) from their mother
tiada ank lelaki yg menghidap hemofillia kerana mereka menerima
alel XH dari ibu.
(d) F : Tissues culture (kultur tisu) 1 2
1
 P1 : Able to obtain good characteristics that can be used commercially
(select 3 activity) (dpt mengekalkan ciri baik dan komersil.

P2 : Can be conducted anytime does not need any pollinating agent as it

carried out in the laboratory (boleh dilakukan pada bila bila masa)
[F+ any P]
Total 12
Question 3

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) (i) A gene carried on the X chromosome 1 1
(ii) P’s mother is a carrier carrying one recessive allele for colour blindness 1 3
and one dominant allele for normal vision // P’s mother : XBXb
Ibu P merupakan pembawa dgn satu alel resesif buta warna dan
satu dominan utk normal iaitu XBXb 1
P’s father is normal carrying one dominant allele for normal vision in
his X chromosome // P’s father : XB
Bapa P merupakan lelaki normal buta warna dengan alel XBY 1
P receive the X chromosome carrying the resesive allele from the
mother and a Y chromosome from the father (causing him to be colour
blind ) // P is XbY
P mendapat Xb dari ibunya dan Y dari bapanya
(b) (i) 1 4

1
1

(ii) Key : XB – Normal 1 1

Xb - Colour blind
(c) (i) Colour blind male : 50 % 1 2
(ii) Female carries of colour blind : 50 % 1
(d) Autosome –semua kromosom selain kromosom seks 1 1
Total 12
Question 4

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) Genotype and phenotype A : Grey body normal wing GGNN 1 2
Genotype and phenotype C : Grey body normal wing GgNn 1
(b) F : Involve two characteristic 1 1
(c) Parent (P) Grey body normal wing X Grey body normal wing 1 5
GgNn GgNn

Meiosis

Gamete GN Gn gN gn GN Gn gN gn 1

Male GN Gn gN Gn
gamete

Female
gamete
GN GGNN GGNn GgNN GgNn
Grey body Grey body Grey body Grey body
normal normal normal normal
wing wing wing wing
Gn GGNn GGnn GgNn Ggnn
Grey body Grey body Grey body Grey body
normal normal normal short wing
wing wing wing
Gn GgNN GgNn ggNN ggNn
Grey body Grey body black body black body
normal normal normal normal
wing wing wing wing
gn GgNn Ggnn ggNn ggnn
Grey body Grey body black body Black body
normal short wing normal normal
wing wing wing
Notes : accept genotype only

Correct genotype 12-16 2m 2

7-11 1m 1

Phenotype grey body grey body black body black body

Normal wing short wing normal wing short wing 1
Ratio 9 : 3 : 3 : 1

(d) F : During metaphase I, homologous pair of chromosome / paternal and 1 2

maternal chromosome arrange at random // independent assortment
of 00chromosome
 E1 : Results in a variety of gametes / each with different combinations 1
of maternal and paternal chromosome
E2 : Result new combination / recombination trait in F2 generation 1

(e) E1 : During gamete formation, each member of a pair of alleles may 1 2

combine randomly
E2 : With either member of another pair of allele 1
Total 12

Question 5

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) 2

(b) (i)
1

(ii)
1

1
(c) (ii)

Genotip anak semua betul – 1m

Fenotip ank semua betul – 1m

(c) (i) P1 : Hukum Mendel 1 1 2

P2 : Setiap ciri dikawal oleh sepasang alel 1
Hanya satu alel boleh hadir dalam satu gamet
(d) P1 : Kebarangkalian untuk anak lelaki buta warna ialah 50 % / ½ /0.5 1 3
P2 : Semasa persenyawaan kromosom X yang membawa allele buta 1
warna ( X b) daripada ibu bergabung dengan kromosom Y daripada
ayah
P3 : Menghasilkan zigot XbY 1
 **rajah sekma pewarisan mendapat 1 markah sahaja
Total 12

Question 6

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) (i) 1 2
Gametes 1

F1 generation

OR

(ii) Tall and round seeds 1 1

(iii) A cross which involves two pairs of alleles determining two 1 1
characteristics of the pea plants
(b) (i) Crossing over /Independent assortment 1 1
(ii) Metaphase 1 / Prophase 1 1 1

Notes:
1. If (b)(i) crossing over, b(ii ) prophase 1
2. If (b)(ii ) independent assortment, b(ii ) Metaphase 1
(c) 4 4
 male gamete TR Tr tR Tr

female gamete

Tr TtRr Ttrr ttRr Ttrr

Tr TtRr Ttrr ttRr Ttrr

Tr TtRr Ttrr ttRr Ttrr

Tr TtRr Ttrr ttRr Ttrr

(i) 25% 1 1
(ii) 1:1 1 1
Total 12
Question 2

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) (i) Diagram 2.1(a) : Discontinuous variation(tak selanjar) 1 2
Diagram 2.1(b) : Continuous variation 1
(b) 2
Continuous variation Discontinuous variation
D1 : Differences are not clear / D1 : Differences are clear / 1
not distinctive distinctive
D2 : Controlled by D2 : Controlled by genetic
environmental and genetic factor only(dikawal oleh factor 1
factor (dikawal oleh factor genetik shj)
genetik dan persekitaran) 1
D3 : Shows the graph normal D3 : Shows the graph discrete
distribution distribution 1
D4 : Shows intermediate D4 : Do not shows intermediate
character character 1
D5 : Controlled by polygene / D5 : Controlled by one gene /
many pairs of allele one pair of allele
D6 : Quantitative // Can be D6 : Qualitative // Cannot be 1
measured measured

[Any 2]
(c) P1 : (some individuals ) adapt better to environment 1 2
condition(menyesuaikan diri dengan persekitaran) 1
P2 : These individuals are better adapted for survival (kelangsungan 1
hidup yg lebih baik)-elak diri dr pemangsa
P3 : They can transmit the advantageous genes to their offspring
[Any 2]
(d) (i) P : Deletion (pelenyapan) 1 2
Q : Duplication (penggandaan) 1
(ii) F1 : Mutagen(agen mutasi) is radioactive radiation // X-ray // 1 2
Formaldehyde // 1
Carcinogens // Monosodium glutamate /benzene//asbestos Any 1
suitable example 1
E1 : The mutagen has high penetrating power / high radiation (tinggi
kadar radiasi)//
mutagen able to reach the DNA in the cells / nucleus /
chromosome
E2 : Causing (drastic) change to the structure of chromosome
Menyebabkan perubahan secara drastic struktur kromosom.
E3 : Resulting section P to be deleted // gene to be missing // Section
Q to be duplicate
[Any 2 ]
(iii) P1 : Mutation that occurs in a somatic cell may damage the cell 1 2
(memusnahkan sel soma) 1
P2 : This makes the cell cancerous cell // Kill the cell
Total 12
Question 3

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) (i) P : Sindrom Down 1 2
Q : Albino / Albinism 1
(ii) 2
Individual P (sindrom down) Individual Q(albino)
Caused by chromosomal Caused by gene chromosome / 1
mutation / extra copy recessive allele on the autosome
chromosome numbers
21(pasangan kromosom ke 1
21..terlebih satu)
Abnormal chromosome number Normal chromosome number //
// 47 chromosome 46 chromosome 1
Have flat / broad face // slanted Lack of melanin/ pigmentation
eyes // protruding tongue // in the skin / hair/ eye
mental retarded

[Any 2]
(b) P1 : During meiosis / Anaphase I / II 1 3
(semasa meiosis) 1
P2 : The chromosome homolog / sister chromatid are fail to separate. 1
( kromosom homolog gagal berpisah) 1
P3 : Produce gamete with 24 chromosome 1
(menghasilkan gamet dgn 24 kromosom)
P4 : The gamete fertilize / fuse with normal gamete.
(apabila gamet disenyawakan)
P5 : Cause zygote / embryo has an extra chromosome / 47
Chromosome
( zigot dgn 47 kromosom terhasil)
[Any 3]

(c) (i) 3
Father’s A a
gamete /
Gamet bapa
1

Mother’s
gamete /
Gamet ibu
 A AA Aa 1
a Aa aa 1

(ii) P1 : No synthesis of pigmen chlorophyll 1 2

(tiada sintesis pigmen klorofil) 1
P2 : Plant cannot carry out photosynthesis. 1
(tumb gagal menjlnkn fotosintesis)
P3 : Plant die / cannot survive
(tumb akn mati)
[Any 2]
Total 12

Question 4

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) (i) The arrangement of chromosome based on number and size ( in 1 1
somatic cell)
(susunan kromosom berdasarkan bilangan dan saiz pada sel soma)
(ii) 45 / 44 +X 1 1
(b) (i) Female / women / girl (perempuan) 1 1
(ii) Tuner’s syndrome (sindrom Tuner’s) 1 1
(c) F1 : Sperm / ovum from father / mother without sex chromosome 1 2
fertilizes the ovum / sperm 1
(gamet dari ayah tanpa kromosom seks bersenyawa dengan
ovum)
F2 : Producing a zygote with single X chromosome
(menghasilkan zigot dgn kromosom x tunggal)

(d) (i) F1 : Gene mutation 1 3

(mutasi gen) 1
E1 : Adenine is replaced with thymine 1
(adenine digantikan oleh thiamina)
E2 : Changes the sequence of nitrogenous base ( in the DNA
chain)changes the sequence of amino acid (which is the building
block / monomer of protein )
(perubahan susunan bes nitrogen menukar susunan asid
amino/protein)
(ii) F1 : The abnormal erythrocyte has sickle shape 1 3
(eritrosit berbentuk sel sabit) 1
F2 : Reduce the amount of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte 1
(mengurangkan bilangan haemoglobin di dalam eritrosit)
F3 : Reduces the amount of oxygen that can be transported by the
erythrocyte // Less oxygen transported to the cell
 (kurang jumlah oksigen yang boleh diangkut oleh eritrosit ke sel)
Total 12

Question 5

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) P : Interphase 1 2
S : Telophase I 1
(b) 1 2
SENTRIOL 1

GENTIAN GELENDUNG

MEMBRAN NUKLEUS

L : Location of homologous chromosome ( at equatorial plate)

P : Correct pairing
(c) P1 : Homologous chromosomes separate 1 2
(kromosom homolog terpisah) 1
P2 : Move to opposite poles
(ke kutub bertentangan)
(d) (i) Fertilization 1 1
(ii) Down’s syndrome 1 1
(iii) Chromosome number 21 (pasangan kromosom ke 21) 1 1
(iv) P1 : Chromosomes number 21 fails to separate during anaphase I // 1 3
non-disjunction of chromosome number 21 during anaphase I
(kromosom ke 21 gagal utk berpisah semasa anafasa 1.) 1
P2 : When fertilization occurs, 24 chromosome in the ovum will fused
with 23 chromosomes in the sperm 1
(semasa persenyawaaan berlaku,24 kromosom di dalam ovum
bercantum dgn 23 kromosom dlm sperma)
P3 : Produce zygote with 47 chromosomes // trisomy 21 1
(menghasilkan zigot dgn 47 kromosom)
Total 12
Question 6

No Suggested answer Marks

(a) Autosome (chromosome) 1 1
(b) (i) Parent : Tt 1 2
W : tt 1
(ii) p/s : - Gamete must be in circle 1 3
- Meiosis shown by line 1
- Line of random fertilization must be match with correct 1
genotype 1
[any 3]
(iii) 25% // ¼ // 0.25 // a quarter 1 1
(c) (i) Continuous variation 1 1
(ii) Size / diameter / height / weight / (of eggs) 1 1
(iii) 1 3
Thalassemia Chicken egg grade 1
Discontinuous variation. Continuous variation 1
Controlled by a single allele Controlled by several allele. 1
Does not have intermediate Have intermediate value / slight 1
value / distinct between differences / non distinctis 1
individuals between individual
Qualitative inheritance Quantitative inheritance
Represented by a bar chart // Represented by a histogram //
discrete distribution normal diatribution
Influence by genetic factors only Influence by genetic and
environment / factors

[ Any 3]
Total 12