Republic of the Philippines

PROFESSIONAL REGULATIONS COMMISSION

Manila

BOARD OF CRIMINOLOGY

CRIMINOLOGISTS Licensure Examination

Thursday, August 7, 2003 01:30 p.m. – 04:00 p.m.

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CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION SET B

INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following

question. Mark only one answer for each item by shading the box
corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet
provided. STRICTLY NO ERASURE ALLOWED. Use pencil no. 1 only.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which model underscores the assumption that criminal

behavior is caused by biological or psychological conditions that
require treatment?

A. medical model C. rehabilitation model

B. reform model D. community model

2. Which office evaluates the prisoner’s fitness and

qualification for the grant of pardon and parole?

A. Department of Justice
B. Parole and Probation Administration
C. National Prosecution Service
D. BOard of Pardon and Parole

3. Force is used only by correctional institutions to.

A. exact respect
B. enforce discipline
C. show physical strength and power
D. perform assignments

4. The Supreme Court automatically reviews the cases of

criminals convicted and meted out the penalty of.

A. 12 years 6 months and 1 day

B. life imprisonment
C. death
D. 6 years, 1 month and 1 day
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5. Presidential Decree No. 968 established the ______ System.

A. Civilian Police C. Juvenile Justice

B. Family Welfare D. Adult Probation

6. What Correctional institution houses accused persons

awaiting trial?

A. Rehabilitation center C. Jail

B. Half-way house D. Prison

7. The following are identified as correctional dilemmas,

EXCEPT.

A. ambivalent correctional strategies and techniques

B. unclear statement of correctional mission
C. government support for funding requirements
D. inadequacy of correctional personnel

8. The ________ theory in crime causation focuses on the

criminal disorders, chromosome irregularity, and abnormal brain
activity.

A. Psychological Theory C. Sociological Theory

B. Biological Theory D. Political Theory

9. This was the period when concepts of liberalism,

nationality, equality and individualism dominated social and
political thinking in the 18th century in England.

A. Age of Reform C. Age of Discernment

B. Age of Rehabilitation D. Age of Reason

10. What does the classical theory provide?

A. criminal behavior is inherited and therefore could be

controlled by regulating the reproduction of families
B. Criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other
persons in a process of communication
C. Crime and delinquency are symptoms of social and
penalty disorders
D. The basis for criminal liability is human free will
and the purpose of penalty is retribution.

11. What correctional goal is referred to when the offender is

rendered physically unable to commit a crime in the future?

A. deterrence C. rehabilitation
B. incapacitation D. retribution

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12. Under the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of

Prisoners, which of the following are two (2) basic principles
under rules of general applications to prisoners?

1. there shall be no discrimination on grounds of race,

color, sex, language, religion, political or other
opinion, national or social origin, birth or other
status.
2. it is necessary to respect the religious beliefs and
moral precepts of the group to which a prisoners
belongs.
3. the treatment of prisoners should emphasize not their
exclusion
4. unconvicted prisoners are presumed to be innocent and
shall be treated as such.

A. 2 and 3 C. 1 and 2
B. 3 and 4 D. 4 and 1

13. When does punishment have a deterrent effect?

A. Punishment reduces the capacity of an individual to

commit a crime.
B. Punishment is serious compared with the nature of
offense
C. Punishment disgraces the offender before the public
D. Punishment serves as an example to the public thus,
discouraging the commission of offense

14. Who espoused the idea that criminality increases in

proportion as one approaches the equator?

A. Lombroso C. Ferri
B. Garofolo D. Montesquieu

15. This is an investigation of behavior based on subject’s

responses to questions concerning activities in which they have
engaged.

A. victimization study C. social study

B. self-report study D. criminological research

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16. Antonio Lava was sentenced to serve a maximum term of

imprisonment of not more than six (6) years. He applied for
probation but his application will not be considered if:

1. he was convicted of subversion of any crime against

national security or public order.
2. he was previously convicted by final judgement of an
offense punished by imprisonment of not less than (1)
month and one (1) day and or a fine of not less than
P200.00
3. he was previously granted probation
4. he was previously granted parole

A. 1, 2 and 3 C. 2, 3 and 4
B. any of those listed D. 3, 4 and 1

17. Which of the following is an open correctional institution

known to be the best and “prison without walls”?

A. Sablayan Penal Colony

B. Iwahig Penal Colony
C. San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm
D. Davao Penal Farm

18. Among the following factors, which would best determine the
extent to which prison functions are subdivided?

A. operating programs
B. adequacy of resources
C. inmate population and size of the prison/jail
D. number of prison staff

19. Who espoused four (4) correctional principles as follows;

security and sanitary structure; systematic inspection; abolition
of fees; and a reformatory regimen?

A. Jeremy Bentham C. John Howard

B. Cesare Beccaria D. James Wilson

20. Aside from the name, offense committed and the court
imposing the sentence, what information about an alien offender
should be reported to the Commissioner of Immigration?

A. educational background and profession

B. name of his wife and children
C. his age, weight and height
D. his nationality and number of his Alien Certificate of
Registration

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21. What theory provides that criminal behavior is learned in

interaction with other persons in the process of communication?

A. strain theory
B. psychoanalytic theory
C. social disorganization theory
D. differential association theory

22. How are habitual offenders who have been involved in

prostitution, drugs, numbers and shoplifting called?

A. “Punk” C. “Cool”
B. “ The life” D. “Square”

23. Who said that punishment should not be more secure than
necessary to deter crime because excessive punishment is
unjustified

A. Charles Goring C. Raffaeli Garafalo

B. Robert Peel D. Jeremy Bentham

24. What idea was advocated by John Howard?

A. Corporal punishment is more effective than corporal

punishment
B. Prisons should be under the control of the police
C. Public labor by offenders should be abolished
D. Reformation will not occur inside penitentiaries

25. When can some prisoners have disciplinary authority over

their co-inmates?

A. when they show “macho” image

B. when they are of senior age over those to be
supervised
C. when they are of good behavior, more technically
skilled and properly trained
D. when their length of actual prison is longer than the
others

26. How are inmates called when they are of low intelligence or
afflicted with psychological or physical disabilities and who
have difficulty functioning within the prison society?

A. psychotic criminals C. adult criminals

B. disorganized criminals D. juvenile offenders

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27. A convict is in a ______ if he is placed inside one (1) cell

alone and without anybody to talk to or be seen with.

A. individual confinement C. corporal punishment

B. capital punishment D. solitary confinement

28. After release from the jail or prison, when does the parolee
present himself to the Parole and Probation Officer?

A. at least one (1) month from release

B. within three (3) months from release.
C. At least three (3) weeks from release
D. Within the period prescribed in the release document

29. One of the purposes of the Adult Probation Law is to.

A. Promote the correction and rehabilitation of an

offender by providing him with personalized,
community-based program.
B. Place the offender outside the police power of the
state
C. Coordinate the workings of the agencies of the
criminal justice system
D. Foster closer relationship between the offender and
the judge who promulgated the probation order.

30. Is Mario qualified for probation if his prison term is

arresto mayor?

A. yes, his sentence is less than 6 years and 1 day

B. no, his sentence is 12 years
C. no, his sentence is 8 years
D. yes, his sentence is 6 months

31. Under this correctional goal, the criminal is rendered

physically unable to commit crime in the future.

A. retribution C. incapacitation
B. deterrence D. rehabilitation

32. Who among the following is a provincial prisoner?

A. a prisoner serving a term below six (6) years

B. a prisoner serving a term of six (6) years and up
above
C. a prisoner serving a term of six (6) months and one
(1) day to three years (3) years
D. a prisoner serving a term of three (3) years and one
(1) day and up

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33. What theory I criminology states that criminals are totally

responsible for their behaviors. The stress is more in the effect
of their felonious act than upon the criminal himself.

A. classical theory C. biological theory

B. positive theory D. physiological theory

34. Which two (2) of the following unusual offenders should be

under the close supervision of the Jail Physician?

1. mentally-ill
2. sex deviates
3. infirm or sick
4. escape-prone prisoners

A. 1 and 2 C. 3 and 4
B. 1 and 3 D. 2 and 1

35. This theory in criminology states that criminal are totally

responsible for their behaviors and the stress is more on the
effect of their felonious act than upon the criminal himself.

A. positivist theory C. physiological theory

B. biological theory D. classical theory

36. What is the action of the court in the case a probationer

violated his/her probation conditions?

A. court revokes probation and probationer goes to prison

B. court directs probationer to re apply for probation
C. court releases the probationer to the community
D. court orders the continuation of probation

37. You are legislator who would like to help in the resolution
of the labeling problem of ex convicts. Which of the following is
the best legislative proposal to prepare?

A. a bill that would expunge all criminal records

pertaining to all releases prisoners.
B. a bill that would penalize business establishments or
offices which will not accept released prisoners as
long as they qualify to the vacant position
C. a bill that would grant automatic absolute pardon to
those who have served at least 90% of their sentences
D. a bill that would grant automatic parole to those who
have served at least 80% of their sentence

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38. There are four (4) concepts of lifestyle in prison. What

concept is referred to when inmates aspire for leadership within
the prison subculture and such positions and power in the prison
society?

A. disorganized criminals C. doing time

B. jailing D. gleaning

39. How do inmates know that they have letters?

A. an inmate trustee delivers the letters to adherence

B. a list of mails for inmates is posted
C. inmates with letters are called to the Jail Warden’s
Office
D. a jailguard delivers the letters personally

40. Who introduced the Silent System in 1831 at the Auburn

Prison?

A. James Wilson C. Jeremy Bentham

B. Elam Lynds D. John Howards

41. Which of the following is an example of residential program?

A. Work release
B. Alcohol treatment program
C. Furlough
D. Home detention

42. The correctional principle that “the basis of all social

action must be the utilitarian conception of the greatest
happiness for the greatest number” was set forth by.

A. Ontesquieu C. Beccaria
B. Locke D. Voltaire

43. Females prison reform during the 19th century had the
following principles EXCEPT.

A. separation of women prisoners from male

B. suspension of sentence
C. control of women’s prison by female management and
staff
D. provision for differential feminine care

44. Which of the following factors are considered in petition

for executive clemency?

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1. age of the petitioner

2. gravity of the offense
3. manner in which offense was committed
4. petitioner’s institutional conduct or behavior
5. previous criminal record if any

A. 2, 3, 4 and 5 C. all of these

B. 1, 2, 3 and 4 D. 3, 4, 5 and 1

45. Joan was convicted of the crime of theft at age 10. What law
provides that she should be released to her family?

A. Presidential Decree No. 1184

B. Presidential Decree No. 968
C. Presidential Decree No. 603
D. Presidential Decree No. 448

46. Who among the following prisoners is a national prisoner?

1. one who is sentenced to a maximum term of imprisonment

of more than three (3) years or to a fine of more than
P5,000.00
2. Regardless of length of sentence, one sentenced for
violation of Customs Law or other laws within the
jurisdiction of the Bureau of Customs
3. Regardless of length of sentence, one sentenced for
violation of Immigration Laws and Election Law
4. one sentenced to serve two (2) or more prison
sentences in the aggregate exceeding the period of
three (3) years

A. 3, 4 and 1 C. 2, 3 and 4
B. all if those listed D. 1, 2 and 3

47. One of the following criminologists espoused the idea that

the certainty of punishment outweighs its severity as a deterrent
against crime?

A. Cesare Beccaria C. Charles Goring

B. Jeremy Bentham D. William Sheldon

48. Who was the Sheriff of Bedfordshire, England whose writings

served to bring about changes that resulted in the development of
the penitentiary?

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A. Cesare Lombroso C. Jeremy Bentham

B. Cesare Beccaria D. John Howard

49. Which of the following is encouraged to give the inmate a

respite from the strain of prison life?

A. Report unruly behavior of fellow inmates?

B. Maintain wholesome contact with friends and relatives
through correspondence
C. Perform prison assignments/works diligently
D. Write his autobiography for others to read

50. Which of the following is exercised by executive clemency

with the concurrence of Congress?

A. probation C. pardon
B. amnesty D. parole

51. With respect to the UN standard Minimum Rules for the

Treatment of Prisoners, which of the following should NOT be done
to prisoner?

A. untried prisoners shall be kept separate from

convicted prisoners
B. young offenders shall be kept separate from adult
prisoners
C. women prisoners shall be segregated and kept away from
male prisoners
D. Female prisoners shall be allowed to have her children
stay with her

52. Who said that “criminal acts are signal of distress, signs
of failure, spasm of struggles and conclusions of proof a symbols
of human being trying to make it in our complex with margin
inadequate equipment and preparation?”

A. John Howard C. James Wilson

B. Karl Meninger D. Jeremy Bentham

53. The parole and probation administration administers a

___________ correction program.

A. institutional C. integrated
B. community based D. traditional

54. Changing criminal through non punitive means is referred to:

A. retribution C. restitution

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B. reformation D. rehabilitation

55. Alfonso Mata was sentenced to imprisonment on September 30,

2002, on October 5, 2002 the judge who promulgated the decision
died, what is the effect of the judge’s death to the service of
Afonsos’s sentence.

A. he will have to serve his sentence

B. his sentence will be suspended
C. his sentence will not be binding anymore
D. his sentence will be reduced

56. Placido was convicted to a prison term of prison

correctional will he qualify for probation?

A. yes, his sentence is Three (3) years and one (1) day
B. no, his sentence is six (6) years and one (1) day
C. Yes, his sentence is less than six (6) years and one
(1) day
D. No, his sentence is more than six (6) years and one
(1) day

57. What was the system of money compensation in which a harm

could be atoned for by a money Payment to the injured party?

A. Lex taliones C. wergild

B. wite D. fine

58. It is an arrangement where a prisoner goes out of the

institution to attend educational classes

A. Vocational Program C. Work Furlough

B. Guidance & Counseling D. Study Release

59. What the right to be tried in an ecclesiastical court during

the middle ages?

A. inquisition C. social contract

B. benefit of the clergy D. secular prosecution

60. Prison work assignments are given to prisons usually

_________.

A. at early morning hours

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B. after recreational hours

C. before sleeping hours
D. during middle hours of the day

61. Which among the following strategies should be developed in

order to enhance corrections in the country?

A. Development of Clear Vision, objectives.

B. Management of correction efficiently
C. integration of correctional services
D. encouragement of private sector to assist correction

62. One of the effects of social stigma maintained by an

unforgiving society against criminals is __________.

A. worked out good relation with the community

B. responded to rehabilitation program
C. difficulties in securing employment
D. fostered friendship with co prisoners

63. A minimum and maximum amount of time to be served in prison

is referred to as __________.

A. a corporal punishment
B. an indeterminate sentence
C. a determinate sentence
D. a capital punishment

64. Who advocated the principle that the basis of all social
action must be utilitarian conception of the greatest happiness
for the greatest number?

A. John Howard C. George B. Vold

B. Cesare Beccaria D. Jeremy Benthan

65. Detention prisoners who are awaiting judgment or trial of

their case are under the supervision and control of

A. Bureau of Corrections
B. Davao Penal Colony
C. Provincial Jails
D. Bureau of Jails Management and Penology

66. Robin Padilla served his sentence at the new Bilibid Prison
in Muntinlupa. Why was the photographed at the reception and
Diagnostic center?

A. He is an actor and photogenic

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B. it is a rare opportunity to have his photograph

C. to have a souvenir and a pass for his films
D. Photographing the inmate is a part of reception
procedures

67. To whom shall decision making authority be delegated?

A. staff supervisors
B. line supervisors
C. subordinates
D. all line and staff personnel at the management level

68. Which of the following organization donated the half-way

house inside the compound of the bureau of corrections?

A. United Nations Security Council

B. Office of the President
C. Philippine Charity Sweepstakes
D. Asia Crime Foundation Japan

69. Juana was required to provide financial remuneration for the

losses incurred by the victim. What is this type of sentence?

A. Payment C. Retribution
B. Restitution D. fines

70. What institutions conducts training program for uniformed

personnel of the bureau of Jail Management and Penology?

A. Fire service training institute

B. PNP Academy
C. PNP training center
d. Jail management Training Institute

71. An __________ program employs prisoners in various product

or good producing task.

A. Agricultural C. Operational
B. Industrial D. Administrative

72. Which of the following statement is true?

A. A parolee may be authorized by the parole and

probation officer to travel outside his operational

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jurisdiction for a period of more than thirty (30)

days
B. Outside Travel for a cumulative duration of more than
thirty 30 days within a period of one (1) year shall
be considered transfer of residence
C. It is not mandatory for the parolee to comply with the
term and condition appearing in the release document
D. A parolee cannot transfer to a residence other than
that indicated in the release document without the
prior written approval of the board of pardon and
parole

73. What is referred to as hustling inside the prison?

A. befriending a prison guard

B. selling illegal commodities
C. doing assigned prison assignment
D. reporting illegal activities

74. Juanito is 17 years old when he was convicted for the crime
of theft. Can he apply for probation under adult probation
system?

A. No, because he is entitled for parole

B. No, because his crime is theft
C. No, because he is only 17 years old
D. No, because he is convicted of a crime

75. It is a correction model wherein criminals are punished

because they have infringed the rights of others and security of
the sanction should fit the seriousness of the crime.

A. Benefit of the clergy C. rehabilitation model

B. Custodial model D. just desert model

76. Who among the following may have his penalty suspended under
PD 603?

A. Eduardo Kap who is 30 years old

B. Mercinario who is 10 years old
C. Jack who is 25 years old
D. Sevilla who is 20 years old

77. What document is issued to parolee when the maximum period

of his prison term has expired.

A. Certificate of final discharge

B. Certificate of prison term completion

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C. Certificate of final release

D. Certificate of final release and discharge

78. It was an age of response to the industrialization,

urbanization, technological change, and advancement of science
that had revolutionized the landscape.

A. age of reform C. age of correction

B. age of reason D. age of enlightenment

79. Which model underscoreS the assumption that criminal

behavior is caused by biological conditions that requires
treatment.

A. Reform Model C. Community Model

B. Rehabilitation Model D. Medical Model

80. What is the legal process that resultS in the removal of

conviction from the official records?

A. exoneration C. expungement
B. restriction D. Mitigation

81. The judge will based the grant of probation on the report of
the __________.

A. Social Worker C. Prosecutor

B. Probation officer D. Police officer

82. The inmate in city/municipal jails serve sentence of:

A. not more than 1 year

B. not more than 6 months
C. not more than 3 years
D. less than 3 years

83. When can a drug user or one who is in possession of drugs be

placed on probation?

A. first time offender

B. first time offender and less than 21 years old
C. second time offender and less than 21 years old
D. second time offender

84. Which of the following is considered in the grant of

conditional pardon?

A. good conduct shown

B. discipline of the prisoner

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C. old age provided that he was not yet 60 years old at

the time of his commitment to prison
D. length of time spent in prison

85. To what penal farm were political prisoners in the 1870’s

confined?

A. Sablayan penal Colony

B. San Ramon Prison and penal Farm
C. Iwahig Penal Colony
D. Davao Penal Colony

86. A married prisoner is visited by his wife and they are

granted time for their marital sexual obligation. This privilege
is called?

A. conjugal partnership C. conjugal incentive

B. conjugal vacation D. conjugal visit

87. What crime apparently have no complaining victims such as

gambling, prostitution and drunkenness?

A. complex crime C. organized crime

B. blue-collar crime D. victimless crime

88. What is the movement in 1790 which held that offenders were
out of touch with God thus, they were given bibles and placed in
isolation?

A. Reformatory Movement
B. church Reform Movement
C. Quaker Reform Movement
D. Crime Prevention Movement

89. Where shall Marito be confined in his sentence is 6 months

or less?

A. Provincial Jail C. Penal Farm

B. Municipal Jail D. National Prison

90. It is a judicial action or legal disposition that allows he

offender to remain the community subject to conditions by court.

A. commutation C. reprieve
B. probation D. parole

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91. Which agency performs the evaluation of prison fitness and

qualification for the grant of pardon or parole?

A. National Police Commissions

B. Board of Pardon and Parole
C. Department of Social Welfare and Development
D. National Bureau of Investigation

92. Which of the following institutions is included under the

correction sub-system?

A. drug rehabilitation C. police

B. jails D. drug enforcement unit

93. Who among the following prisoners shall not be considered

for commutation of sentence?

1. if the prisoner is eligible for parole

2. if the prisoner had been sentenced to another prison
term within one (1) year from the date of his last
recommitment to the prison from where he escaped
3. if the prisoner ha violated any condition of his
discharge on parole or conditional pardon
4. if the prisoner is suffering from a mental illness or
disorder as certified by a government psychiatrist?

A. 3, 4 and 1 C. 2, 3 and 4
B. all of those listed D. 1, 2 and 3

94. The theory which affords the society or the individual who
was wronged the opportunity to impose upon the offender such
suitable punishment as may be enforced?

A. retribution C. deterrence
B. reformation D. expiation

95. What organizational principle should be adopted since no one

person can exercise all the authority in taking decisions?

A. span of control C. delegation of auth.

B. unity of command D. line and staff work

96. Who among the following may have his penalty suspended PD
603?

A. Pablo who is 25 years old.

B. Juan who is 10 years old
C. Martin who is 20 years old

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D. Pedro who is 19 years old.

97. Sonny is convicted for a crime that carries a prison

sentence of more than eight (8) years and one (1) day. Can Sonny
avail of probation?

A. No
B. He will be pardoned
C. He will serve ½ of the sentence in jail
D. Yes

98. The target of behavior-change effort for inmates is not

criminality per se but the variety of problem behavior
surrounding criminal lifestyles. Which of the following IS NOT a
problem behavior?

A. ability to relate with others

B. ability to control anger and frustration
C. ability to logically and rationally think
D. deficiency in social skills

99. Which of the following are the major goals of corrections?

A. Punishment, confinement, retribution, treatment

B. Deterrence, retribution, punishment, treatment
C. Retribution, deterrence, incapacitation,
rehabilitation
D. Deterrence, punishment, incapacitation, treatment

100. Which of the following should a probationer NOT DO?

A. make periodic office report

B. go and play a gambling den
C. work regularly to support his family
D. stay away from bad associates

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