Feb 2020 12th PD in Title and Major Descriptor of Articles From Selected Journals

HDAS Export 12 Feb 20 - 17:26
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# Database Search term Results
(((JAMA Psychiatry).jn OR (World Psychiatry).jn OR (Annual

Review of Clinical Psychology).jn OR (Lancet Psychiatry).jn OR
(The American Journal of Psychiatry).jn OR (Clinical Psychology
Review).jn OR (Health Psychology Review).jn OR ("Psychotherapy
and Psychosomatics").jn OR (19492723).is OR (19492715).is)
AND (("personality disorder*").ti OR ("disordered personalit*").ti
OR *"PERSONALITY DISORDERS"/ OR *"ANTISOCIAL
PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR *"AVOIDANT PERSONALITY
22 PsycINFO DISORDER"/ OR *"BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ 130
OR *"DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR
*"HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR *"NARCISSISTIC
PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR *"OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE
PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR *"PARANOID PERSONALITY
DISORDER"/ OR *"PASSIVE AGGRESSIVE PERSONALITY
DISORDER"/ OR *"SADOMASOCHISTIC PERSONALITY"/ OR
*"SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR *"SCHIZOTYPAL
PERSONALITY DISORDER"/)) [DT 2018-2020]
Contents 130 of 130 results on PsycINFO - (((JAMA Psychiatry).jn OR (World

Psychiatry).jn OR (Annual Review of Clinical Psychology).jn OR (Lancet Psychiatry).jn
OR (The American Journal of Psychiatry).jn OR (Clinical Psychology Review).jn OR
(Health Psychology Review).jn OR ("Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics").jn OR
(19492723).is OR (19492715).is) AND (("personality disorder*").ti OR ("disordered
personalit*").ti OR *"PERSONALITY DISORDERS"/ OR *"ANTISOCIAL
PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR *"AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR
*"BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR *"DEPENDENT PERSONALITY
DISORDER"/ OR *"HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR *"NARCISSISTIC
PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR *"OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY
DISORDER"/ OR *"PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR *"PASSIVE
AGGRESSIVE PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR *"SADOMASOCHISTIC
PERSONALITY"/ OR *"SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR
*"SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER"/)) [DT 2018-2020]
1. Romantic attachment style and borderline personality pathology: A meta-analysis ................................................................................. Page 7
2. Comparing the interpersonal profiles of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and avoidant personality disorder: Are
there homogeneous profiles or interpersonal subtypes? ........................................................................................................................................... Page 7
3. Assessing dark triad dimensions from the perspective of moral disengagement and DSM–5 alternative model of
personality disorder traits ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 8
4. Emotion dysregulation and resting-state autonomic function in adolescent borderline personality disorder—A multimodal
assessment approach ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Page 8
5. Differentiating symptom profiles of ICD-11 PTSD, complex PTSD, and borderline personality disorder: A latent class
analysis in a multiply traumatized sample ......................................................................................................................................................................... Page 9
6. Quality or quantity? A multistudy analysis of emotion regulation skills deficits associated with borderline personality
disorder ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 9
Page 1 of 68
7. Associations of positive and negative emotions with ego-resiliency and quality of life in borderline personality disorder: A
daily diary study ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 10
8. Rejection sensitivity in borderline personality disorder and the cognitive–affective personality system: A meta-analytic
review .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Page 10
9. Mean-level change in pathological personality dimensions over 4 decades in clinical and community samples: A cross-
sectional study.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Page 10
10. Associations between maladaptive personality domains and premature termination in an acute clinical setting ..................... Page 11
11. Coping motives mediate the relationship between borderline personality features and alcohol, cannabis, and
prescription opioid use disorder symptomatology in a substance use disorder treatment sample .......................................................... Page 11
12. The DSM–5 section III personality disorder criterion a in relation to both pathological and general personality
traits.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Page 12
13. A meta-analysis of psychodynamic treatments for borderline and cluster C personality disorders ................................................. Page 12
14. Characterization of relationship instability in women with borderline personality disorder: A social network analysis ......... Page 12
15. Self-criticism and dependency predict affective variability in borderline personality disorder: An ecological momentary
assessment study ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Page 13
16. Understanding the association between borderline personality disorder and alcohol-related problems: An examination
of drinking motives, impulsivity, and affective instability ........................................................................................................................................... Page 13
17. Opioid use in pregnancy: Borderline features and Hepatitis C virus.............................................................................................................. Page 14
18. Affinity between us: Examining how psychopathic traits influence the stigmatization of psychiatric disorders ......................... Page 14
19. A study of risky sexual behavior, beliefs about sexual behavior, and sexual self-efficacy in adolescent inpatients with and
without borderline personality disorder ........................................................................................................................................................................... Page 15
20. Improving characterization of psychopathy within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth
Edition ( DSM–5), alternative model for personality disorders: Creation and validation of Personality Inventory
for DSM–5 Triarchic scales ...................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 15
21. An evaluation of clinical practice guidelines for self-harm in adolescents: The role of borderline personality pathology ....... Page 16
22. A meta-analysis of treatment as usual for borderline personality disorder ................................................................................................ Page 16
23. Clinical utility of categorical and dimensional perspectives on personality pathology: A meta-analytic review ......................... Page 17
24. Borderline personality disorder traits associate with midlife cardiometabolic risk................................................................................. Page 17
25. The independent roles of mindfulness and distress tolerance in treatment outcomes in dialectical behavior therapy skills
training ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Page 18
26. Associations between the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, alternative model
of antisocial personality disorder, psychopathic specifier, and psychopathy-related facets with aggression in a sample of
incarcerated males...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 18
27. Dynamics among borderline personality and anxiety features in psychotherapy outpatients: An exploration of
nomothetic and idiographic patterns .................................................................................................................................................................................. Page 18
28. Level of personality functioning as a predictor of psychosocial functioning—Concurrent validity of criterion A ....................... Page 19
29. Mixed results of a pilot RCT of time-limited schema mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and competitive memory
therapy plus treatment as usual for personality disorders ........................................................................................................................................ Page 19
30. Identifying unstable and empty phenotypes of borderline personality through factor mixture modeling in a large
nonclinical sample ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 20
31. Emotion regulation difficulties and borderline personality disorder: The moderating role of race................................................... Page 20
Page 2 of 68
32. Mentalization and criterion a of the alternative model for personality disorders: Results from a clinical and nonclinical
sample .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Page 21
33. Emotional experiences of clients with borderline personality disorder in dialectical behavior therapy: An empirical
investigation of in-session affect .......................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 21
34. Discrepancies in self- and informant-reports of personality pathology: Examining the DSM–5 Section III trait model........... Page 22
35. The experience of benefit and impairment of personality disorder traits and personality disorder trait attitudes.................... Page 22
36. Introducing a short self-report for the assessment of DSM–5 level of personality functioning for personality
disorders: The Self and Interpersonal Functioning Scale ............................................................................................................................................ Page 23
37. How do schema modes and mode factors align with defense styles and personality disorder symptoms?.................................... Page 23
38. Evaluating dysfunction in cognition and reward among offenders with antisocial personality disorder ........................................ Page 24
39. "The within-person effects of validation and invalidation on in-session changes in affect,": Correction to Benitez et al.
(2019) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 24
40. The within-person effects of validation and invalidation on in-session changes in affect ..................................................................... Page 25
41. Multimodal assessment of emotional reactivity and regulation in response to social rejection among self-harming adults
with and without borderline personality disorder......................................................................................................................................................... Page 25
42. Inpatient adolescents with borderline personality disorder features: Identity diffusion and narrative incoherence ............... Page 26
43. Description and prediction of social isolation in borderline patients over 20 years of prospective follow-up ............................. Page 26
44. Comparing DSM–5-Hybrid, SWAP, and PDM prototype models of personality disorders: Convergent and
divergent findings........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Page 27
45. Emotional modulation of the pupil response in psychopathy ............................................................................................................................ Page 27
46. Longitudinal associations among primary and secondary psychopathic traits, anxiety, and borderline personality disorder
features across adolescence ................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 28
47. Clarifying the interstitial nature of facets from the Personality Inventory for DSM–5 using the five factor model
of personality ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Page 28
48. Precursors of the emotional cascade model of borderline personality disorder: The role of neuroticism, childhood
emotional vulnerability, and parental invalidation ........................................................................................................................................................ Page 29
49. Managing borderline personality disorder from a life course perspective: Clinical staging and health management ............... Page 29
50. Optimizing borderline personality disorder treatment by incorporating significant others: A review and synthesis ............... Page 30
51. Problems with the ICD-11 classification of personality disorder .................................................................................................................... Page 30
52. Beyond the borderline ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 30
53. Attachment styles, social behavior, and personality functioning in romantic relationships ................................................................. Page 31
54. Difficulties regulating emotions mediates the associations of parental psychological control and emotion invalidation
with borderline personality features .................................................................................................................................................................................. Page 31
55. A parallel process latent growth model of narcissistic personality disorder symptoms and normal personality traits............. Page 31
56. Examining criterion a: DSM–5 level of personality functioning as assessed through life story interviews ..................... Page 32
57. The trait-type dialectic: Opportunities, challenges, and constructive dialogue ......................................................................................... Page 32
58. Considering the research: Commentary on "The trait–type dialectic: Construct validity, clinical utility, and the diagnostic
process" ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 33
59. Reflections on clinical judgment and the dimensional–categorical distinction in the study of personality disorders:
Comment on Bornstein (2019) .............................................................................................................................................................................................. Page 33
Page 3 of 68
60. The trait–type dialectic: Construct validity, clinical utility, and the diagnostic process.......................................................................... Page 33
61. "Subtyping insomnia disorder": Authors' reply ....................................................................................................................................................... Page 34
62. Subtyping insomnia disorder........................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 34
63. Subtyping insomnia disorder........................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 34
64. Guanfacine augmentation of a combined intervention of computerized cognitive remediation therapy and social skills
training for schizotypal personality disorder ................................................................................................................................................................... Page 35
65. All tears are crocodile tears: Impaired perception of emotion authenticity in psychopathic traits ................................................... Page 35
66. Disinhibited attachment behavior among infants of mothers with borderline personality disorder, depression, and no
diagnosis ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 36
67. Pierced identities: Body modification, borderline personality features, identity, and self-concept disturbances....................... Page 36
68. Momentary assessment of everyday physical pain in outpatients with borderline personality disorder ....................................... Page 37
69. Dating violence victimization and borderline personality pathology: Temporal associations from late adolescence to
early adulthood ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Page 37
70. Personality disorder traits: Testing insight regarding presence of traits, impairment, and desire for change .............................. Page 38
71. Measurement invariance of the DSM–5 Section III pathological personality trait model across sex ................................ Page 38
72. Validity and clinical utility of DSM and empirically derived prototype diagnosis for personality disorders in predicting
adaptive functioning .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Page 39
73. Meta-analysis to derive an empirically based set of personality facet criteria for the alternative DSM-5 model for
personality disorders ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Page 39
74. "An opportunity to report closer-to-efficacy findings in a study of lamotrigine for borderline personality disorder":
Correction ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 40
75. Illuminating ipsative change in personality disorder and normal personality: A multimethod examination from a
prospective longitudinal perspective .................................................................................................................................................................................. Page 40
76. A randomized controlled trial of a mentalization-based intervention (MBT-FACTS) for families of people with borderline
personality disorder ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 41
77. An opportunity to report closer-to-efficacy findings in a study of lamotrigine for borderline personality disorder .................. Page 41
78. No effect of lamotrigine in subgroups of patients with borderline personality disorder: Response to Smith ............................... Page 41
79. A transgender woman with intellectual disability and borderline personality disorder ........................................................................ Page 42
80. Emotional responses to receiving peer feedback on opinions in borderline personality disorder..................................................... Page 42
81. The role of emotion regulation difficulties in the connection between childhood emotional abuse and borderline
personality features ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 42
82. Examining the alternative model for personality disorder in daily life: Evidence for incremental validity..................................... Page 43
83. Initial development of pathological personality trait domain measures using the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI).. Page 43
84. Introduction of the DSM-5 levels of Personality Functioning Questionnaire ............................................................................................ Page 43
85. More is not always better: Strategies to regulate negative mood induction in women with borderline personality
disorder and depressive and anxiety disorders .............................................................................................................................................................. Page 44
86. Dynamic associations between borderline personality disorder and stressful life events over five years in older adults ....... Page 44
87. Hervey Cleckley (1903–1984): Contributions to the study of psychopathy............................................................................................... Page 45
88. A systematic review of negative parenting practices predicting borderline personality disorder: Are we measuring
biosocial theory's ‘invalidating environment’? ................................................................................................................................................................ Page 45
Page 4 of 68
89. Relations between facets and personality domains with impulsivity: New evidence using the DSM-5 Section III
framework in patients with substance use disorders ................................................................................................................................................... Page 45
90. Personality disorder traits: Perceptions of likability, impairment, and ability to change as correlates and moderators of
desired level................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 46
91. Validity of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale: Associations with schizotypal traits and normal personality ...................... Page 46
92. Borderline personality features and integration of positive and negative thoughts about significant others .............................. Page 47
93. Clinical severity as a moderator of outcome in psychodynamic and dialectical behavior therapies for borderline
personality disorder ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 47
94. Self and informant report across the borderline personality disorder spectrum ...................................................................................... Page 48
95. Examining the DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorders operationalization of obsessive–compulsive
personality disorder in a mental health sample .............................................................................................................................................................. Page 48
96. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of lamotrigine in borderline personality disorder: A randomized
placebo-controlled trial ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ Page 49
97. Sensitization of the neural salience network to repeated emotional stimuli following initial habituation in patients with
borderline personality disorder ............................................................................................................................................................................................ Page 49
98. A twin study of normative personality and DSM-IV personality disorder criterion counts: Evidence for separate genetic
influences ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 50
99. Predictors of substance use in youth with borderline personality disorder ................................................................................................ Page 50
100. Effect of maternal borderline personality disorder on adolescents’ experience of maltreatment and adolescent
borderline features ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 51
101. Examining the relations among the DSM–5 alternative model of personality, the five-factor model, and externalizing
and internalizing behavior ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 51
102. Borderline personality disorder affective instability: What you know impacts how you feel ........................................................... Page 52
103. Response bias and the Personality Inventory for DSM–5: Contrasting self- and informant-report .............................................. Page 52
104. Dimensional conceptualizations of impulsivity .................................................................................................................................................... Page 53
105. Maternal psychological control, maternal borderline personality disorder, and adolescent borderline features .................... Page 53
106. Association of substance use disorders with conversion from schizotypal disorder to schizophrenia ......................................... Page 54
107. Progress in developing a classification of personality disorders for ICD-11 ............................................................................................ Page 54
108. Assessing inter-model continuity between the Section II and Section III conceptualizations of borderline personality
disorder in DSM–5....................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 55
109. Accounting for the association between BPD features and chronic pain complaints in a pain patient sample: The role of
emotion dysregulation factors ............................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 55
110. Clinician ratings of vulnerable and grandiose narcissistic features: Implications for an expanded narcissistic personality
disorder diagnosis ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 56
111. The personality context of relational aggression: A Five-Factor Model profile analysis ..................................................................... Page 56
112. Psychometric properties of the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure: An item response theory approach......................................... Page 57
113. Using latent variable- and person-centered approaches to examine the role of psychopathic traits in sex offenders ........... Page 57
114. Borderline personality disorder symptoms and affective responding to perceptions of rejection and acceptance from
romantic versus nonromantic partners.............................................................................................................................................................................. Page 58
115. Differentiating the everyday emotion dynamics of borderline personality disorder from major depressive disorder and
bipolar disorder............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Page 58
Page 5 of 68
116. Borderline personality disorder and mental health care utilization: The role of self-harm................................................................ Page 59
117. Identification of mental states and interpersonal functioning in borderline personality disorder ................................................. Page 59
118. The effect of therapist use of validation strategies on change in client emotion in individual dbt treatment sessions .......... Page 60
119. Words matter: Implementing the electronically activated recorder in schizotypy ............................................................................... Page 60
120. Callousness and affective face processing in adults: Behavioral and brain-potential indicators ..................................................... Page 61
121. Childhood maltreatment in women with borderline personality disorder, chronic depression, and episodic depression,
and in healthy controls .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. Page 61
122. Personality pathology and relationship satisfaction in dating and married couples ............................................................................. Page 62
123. Borderline personality pathology and physical health: The role of employment ................................................................................... Page 62
124. Social disadvantage and borderline personality disorder: A study of social networks ........................................................................ Page 63
125. Evaluating the DSM–5 Section III personality disorder impairment criteria ........................................................................................... Page 63
126. Mentalizing as a mechanism of change in the treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder: A parallel
process growth modeling approach..................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 64
127. Applying causal mediation analysis to personality disorder research ......................................................................................................... Page 64
128. Current directions in laboratory studies of personality pathology: Examples from borderline personality disorder,
psychopathy, and schizotypy .................................................................................................................................................................................................. Page 65
129. PDTRT special section: Methodological issues in personality disorder research ................................................................................... Page 65
130. Antisocial personality as a neurodevelopmental disorder ............................................................................................................................... Page 65
Full search strategy .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 67
Page 6 of 68
Results 130 of 130 results on PsycINFO - (((JAMA Psychiatry).jn OR (World Psychiatry).jn

OR (Annual Review of Clinical Psychology).jn OR (Lancet Psychiatry).jn OR (The American
Journal of Psychiatry).jn OR (Clinical Psychology Review).jn OR (Health Psychology
Review).jn OR ("Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics").jn OR (19492723).is OR
(19492715).is) AND (("personality disorder*").ti OR ("disordered personalit*").ti OR
*"PERSONALITY DISORDERS"/ OR *"ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR
*"AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR *"BORDERLINE PERSONALITY
DISORDER"/ OR *"DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR *"HISTRIONIC
PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR *"NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR
*"OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR *"PARANOID
PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR *"PASSIVE AGGRESSIVE PERSONALITY DISORDER"/
OR *"SADOMASOCHISTIC PERSONALITY"/ OR *"SCHIZOID PERSONALITY
DISORDER"/ OR *"SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER"/)) [DT 2018-2020]
1. Romantic attachment style and borderline personality pathology: A meta-analysis

Authors Smith, Madison; South, Susan
Source Clinical Psychology Review; Feb 2020; vol. 75
Publication Date Feb 2020
Publication Type(s) Journal Peer Reviewed Journal Journal Article
PubMedID 31918217
Database PsycINFO
Available at Clinical psychology review from Unpaywall
Abstract Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) implies profound impairment in interpersonal relationships, particularly
romantic relationships (Daley, Burge, & Hammen, 2000). Insecure attachment bears striking resemblance to
BPD traits in both empirical and theoretical work (Levy, Johnson, Clouthier, Scala, & Temes, 2015) and may be
particularly suited for understanding the BPD-related deficits in romantic functioning. Despite several
qualitative reviews concluding that secure attachment is disrupted in those with BPD traits, no consensus has
emerged regarding the form of this disruption (Levy et al., 2015), with most reviews focusing on whether BPD is
best captured as high levels of attachment anxiety or attachment avoidance. The purpose of the current review
is to provide a quantitative synthesis of the strength and direction of the associations between attachment
insecurity and BPD traits. Searches on PsycINFO and Pubmed resulted in 27 effect sizes that measured BPD
and adult romantic attachment on the two primary dimensions of anxiety and avoidance (Fraley, Waller, &
Brennan, 2000). Results demonstrated that attachment anxiety correlates most strongly with BPD traits ( r =
0.48); however, attachment avoidance also evinced a significant effect ( r = 0.30). Findings from regression
analyses indicate that attachment anxiety and avoidance interact, suggesting a particularly strong relationship
between attachment disorganization and BPD traits. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights
reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
2. Comparing the interpersonal profiles of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and avoidant personality disorder: Are
there homogeneous profiles or interpersonal subtypes?
Authors Solomonov, Nili; Kuprian, Nadia; Zilcha-Mano, Sigal; Muran, J. Christopher; Barber, Jacques P.
Source Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment; Jan 2020
Publication Date Jan 2020
Database PsycINFO
Available at Personality disorders from Cheshire and Wirral Partnership Knowledge and Library Services
(lib303831) Local Full Text Collection [location] : Psycarticles.
Page 7 of 68
Abstract Previous studies have shown that individuals with personality disorder (PD) suffer from significant
interpersonal distress. Some PDs, such as avoidant personality disorder (AvPD), have been characterized with a
clear homogeneous interpersonal profile. Other PDs, such as obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
(OCPD), have shown significant heterogeneity rather than a distinct profile. Our study aimed to compare these
two PDs and determine their interpersonal profiles. Analyses included 43 patients with OCPD and 64 with
AvPD recruited in 2 clinical trials. They completed the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems at baseline (Alden,
Wiggins, & Pincus, 1990). Structural summary and circular statistic methods were used to examine group
interpersonal profile. Cluster analysis was used to identify subtypes within the OCPD and AvPD samples. The
AvPD sample demonstrated a homogeneous interpersonal profile placed in the socially avoidant octant of the
circumplex. In contrast, the OCPD group exhibited a heterogeneous interpersonal profile, with two subtypes on
opposite sides of the circumplex: (a) "aggressive" (i.e., vindictive-domineering) and (b) "pleasing" (i.e.,
submissive-exploitable). Both clusters demonstrated homogeneous, prototypical, and distinct interpersonal
profiles. Our findings show that individuals with either OCPD or AvPD exhibit significant interpersonal distress.
Although AvPD may be inherently an interpersonal PD, OCPD cannot classified into one homogenous profile,
but rather two distinct interpersonal subgroups. The heterogeneity may be explained by the presence of
interpersonal subtypes. Detection of subtypes can inform future research on treatment targets as well as
personalized interventions, tailored to patients’ specific interpersonal difficulties. (PsycINFO Database Record
(c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
3. Assessing dark triad dimensions from the perspective of moral disengagement and DSM–5 alternative model of
personality disorder traits
Authors Somma, Antonella; Borroni, Serena; Sellbom, Martin; Markon, Kristian E.; Krueger, Robert F.; Fossati, Andrea
Source Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment; Jan 2020
Database PsycINFO
Abstract The present study aimed to test the relationships of Dark Triad constructs with propensity toward moral
disengagement and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM–5)
Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) maladaptive personality traits. A total of 279 community-
dwelling adult participants (41.6% male; Mage = 32.27 years) were administered the Two-Dimensional Mach-IV
Scale, Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory–Short Form, Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, Personality Inventory for
DSM–5, and Moral Disengagement Scale. Multiple regression results showed differential associations between
Dark Triad construct traits and propensity toward moral disengagement. Correlation analyses showed that all
Dark Triad trait dimensions could be substantially described in terms of AMPD maladaptive trait profile. When
the effect of Moral Disengagement Scale scores was taken into account in relative importance weights analysis
(Radjusted2 = .66), DSM–5 AMPD maladaptive trait profile explained 27% of the variance in the "Dark Triad"
latent factor over and above the effect of moral disengagement. As a whole, our findings supported the idea
that the Dark Triad personality constructs are likely to share a common core of antagonistic maladaptive
personality traits. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
4. Emotion dysregulation and resting-state autonomic function in adolescent borderline personality disorder—A multimodal
assessment approach
Authors Weise, Sindy; Parzer, Peter; Zimmermann, Ronan; Fürer, Lukas; Resch, Franz; Kaess, Michael; Koenig, Julian
Source Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment; Jan 2020; vol. 11 (no. 1); p. 46-53
PubMedID 31670544
Database PsycINFO
Available at Personality disorders from ProQuest PsycARTICLES - NHS
Page 8 of 68
Abstract Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by persistent emotion dysregulation (ED), and ED is one
of the core features of BPD. In recent years, research aimed to identify distinct patterns of ED characteristic of
patients with BPD. These efforts comprised translational approaches, including psychophysiological measures.
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction, indexed by reduced resting-state heart rate variability (HRV), is
suggested to be a psychophysiological marker of ED. Reduced HRV is seen in patients with a variety of
psychiatric disorders, including adolescents with depression and BPD. No previous study, to the best of our
knowledge, addressed the association between ANS function and different measures of ED in adolescents with
BPD. Here, we used a multimodal assessment of ED (self-reports, interviews, ambulatory assessment) in a
sample of 43 adolescent patients (95.4% female, M age = 15.5 years), fulfilling at least 3 BPD criteria.
Replicating earlier findings, greater BPD symptom severity was significantly related to reduced resting-state
HRV and increased heart rate. However, other measures of ED and mean affect were unrelated to ANS
function. Findings suggest that ANS dysfunction maps to symptom severity in general rather than specific
symptomatology (such as ED) in adolescents with BPD. Implications for the use of ANS measures in clinical
practice and directions for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights
5. Differentiating symptom profiles of ICD-11 PTSD, complex PTSD, and borderline personality disorder: A latent class analysis
in a multiply traumatized sample
Authors Jowett, Sally; Karatzias, Thanos; Shevlin, Mark; Albert, Idit
PubMedID 31259603
Database PsycINFO
Available at Personality disorders from Unpaywall
Abstract Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) has been included as a diagnostic category in the International
Classification of Diseases, 11th Edition, consisting of six symptom clusters: the three PTSD criteria of
reexperiencing, avoidance, and hypervigilance, in addition to three disturbances of self-organization (DSO)
symptoms defined as emotional dysregulation, interpersonal difficulties, and negative self-concept. As
borderline personality disorder (BPD) shares similar features to DSO presentations and is commonly
associated with PTSD, there is debate as to whether and how CPTSD is distinct from PTSD comorbid with BPD.
This article aimed to identify groups with distinct profiles of self-reported CPTSD and BPD symptoms and
associated trauma history characteristics. A latent class analysis (LCA) using CPTSD and BPD symptom
variables was conducted on a sample of 195 treatment-seeking adults at a specialist trauma service. The classes
were then compared on demographic and clinical characteristics using a series of analysis of variance and χ2
tests. The latent class analysis determined three distinct classes: a CPTSD/High BPD class characterized by high
symptom endorsement across both conditions, a CPTSD/Moderate BPD class characterized by high PTSD and
DSO symptom endorsement and moderate BPD, and a PTSD/Low BPD class characterized by PTSD symptoms
and low DSO and BPD symptom endorsement. The two CPTSD classes were associated with greater exposure
to multiple, interpersonal traumas earlier in life and exhibited higher functional impairment. Findings support
the construct of a CPTSD diagnosis as a separate entity although BPD features seem to overlap greatly with
CPTSD symptoms in this highly traumatized clinical sample. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all
rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
6. Quality or quantity? A multistudy analysis of emotion regulation skills deficits associated with borderline personality
disorder
Authors Southward, Matthew W.; Cheavens, Jennifer S.
PubMedID 31464477
Database PsycINFO
Page 9 of 68
Abstract Linehan’s (1993) biosocial theory posits that people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) have emotion
regulation skills deficits characterized by (a) less frequent use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies, (b)
more frequent use of maladaptive strategies, or (c) poorer quality strategy implementation (i.e., strategies
implemented less skillfully). We tested these possibilities among participants with BPD, major depressive
disorder (MDD), or no disorder (controls). Study 1 participants ( N = 272) were recruited online; Study 2
participants ( N = 90) completed in-person diagnostic assessments. The BPD groups reported greater use of
maladaptive strategies than the MDD ( d = .35) and control ( d = 1.54) groups and lower quality implementation
than the MDD ( d = −.33) and control groups ( d = −.97). BPD participants reported similar use of adaptive
strategies as the MDD group ( d = −.09) but less use than controls ( d = −.47). BPD may be uniquely
characterized by overuse of maladaptive strategies and poorer quality emotion regulation implementation.
(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
7. Associations of positive and negative emotions with ego-resiliency and quality of life in borderline personality disorder: A
daily diary study
Authors Harpøth, Tine S. D.; Kongerslev, Mickey T.; Trull, Timothy J.; Hepp, Johanna; Bateman, Anthony W.; Simonsen,
Erik
PubMedID 31318235
Database PsycINFO
Abstract In general, research has primarily focused on understanding the psychopathology of borderline personality
disorder (BPD), but there has been a paucity of research on processes associated with positive mental health.
The present study sought to address this gap in knowledge by investigating associations between daily positive
and negative emotions and ego-resiliency and quality of life (QoL) in a clinical sample of 72 women diagnosed
with BPD. Using electronic diaries, participants completed end-of-day reports on positive and negative
emotions, ego-resiliency, and QoL over a period of 21 days. Multilevel lagged analyses indicated that daily
positive emotions were prospectively associated with increased ego-resiliency and QoL the next day, even
when adjusting for same-day negative emotions and general psychopathology severity. In addition, the
association of daily positive emotions was significantly stronger than the association of negative emotions with
both next day ego-resiliency and QoL. Based on these results, we suggest extending the future research agenda
to focus more on positive processes associated with ego-resiliency and QoL to achieve a more comprehensive
understanding of BPD. We discuss the implications of these findings and argue that symptom reduction alone
may not be sufficient. Rather, the research into treatments should be broadened to include testing the effect of
interventions on positive emotions and their associations with positive mental health outcomes. (PsycINFO
Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
8. Rejection sensitivity in borderline personality disorder and the cognitive–affective personality system: A meta-analytic
review
Authors Cavicchioli, Marco; Maffei, Cesare
PubMedID 31478717
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Rejection sensitivity (RS) is one the of core features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The
cognitive–affective personality system (CAPS) might represent an alternative framework for analyzing the
relationship between RS and BPD. The current meta-analytic review ( N = 39 studies) aims at evaluating how,
and to what extent, CAPS-RS process dynamics (i.e., rejection expectancies, encoding processes, and affect
reactions) are related to BPD. The results showed a large difference between BPD and non-BPD subjects in
rejection expectancies across several situations. These findings were replicated when considering encoding
processes and affective reactions, especially in relation to social inclusion situations. Therefore, it can be argued
that RS process dynamics might reflect CAPS principles explaining personality pathology, especially BPD.
9. Mean-level change in pathological personality dimensions over 4 decades in clinical and community samples: A cross-
sectional study
Page 10 of 68
Authors Ruiz, José; Gutiérrez, Fernando; Peri, Josep Maria; Aluja, Anton; Baillés, Eva; Gutiérrez-Zotes, Alfonso; Vall,
Gemma; Edo Villamón, Silvia; Meliá de Alba, Amanda; Ruipérez Rodríguez, María Ángeles
Source Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment; Dec 2019
Publication Date Dec 2019
Database PsycINFO
Available at Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment from Cheshire and Wirral Partnership
Knowledge and Library Services (lib303831) Local Full Text Collection [location] : Psycarticles.
Abstract Although normal personality traits change gradually with age, personality disorders have been reported to
remit rapidly and completely in little more than 10 years. Such a benign prognosis is surprising and may be due
in part to the combined use of categorical diagnoses, seriously ill patients, and longitudinal designs in the
existing literature. This study examines, for the first time, the development of personality pathology across a life
span by means of dimensional models, represented by the Dimensional Assessment of Personality
Pathology–Basic Questionnaire and the Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fifth Edition. We draw upon a cross-sectional design and four large clinical and community samples
to avoid previous biases. We found that personality pathology declined by around 0.5 SD overall from age 20 to
60, though with noticeable differences between domains: Dissocial behavior and antagonism decreased by
between two thirds and 1 SD; compulsivity increased at the same rate; disinhibition, negative affect, and
psychoticism dropped by 0.5 SD; and detachment remained stable or rose slightly. In short, the changes in many
clinically important traits are modest, occur at a slow pace, and roughly parallel the maturation effect found for
normal personality traits. The resulting picture of personality disorder development is not as optimistic as
previous studies would have us believe. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source:
journal abstract)
10. Associations between maladaptive personality domains and premature termination in an acute clinical setting
Authors Rodriguez-Seijas, Craig; Morgan, Theresa A.; Zimmerman, Mark
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Maladaptive personality has been positioned as one overarching framework with the potential to streamline
conceptualization of both personality- and nonpersonality-related psychopathology. However, few studies have
examined maladaptive personality in relation to (a) clinical outcomes in a naturalistic setting and (b) using
measures short enough to be incorporated into standard clinical care. The goal of the current study, therefore,
investigated the extent to which maladaptive personality domains—as measured by the Personality Inventory
for DSM–5—Brief Form (PID-5 BF)—predicted premature treatment termination in one naturalistic clinical
setting. Using a large sample ( N = 2,730; 64% female) of psychiatric patients referred for treatment at a partial
hospital program, we explored the associations between PID-5 BF domains and the likelihood of premature
termination. Individuals who terminated treatment prematurely reported higher levels on all PID-5 BF
domains, except antagonism, compared with those who successfully completed treatment. Further, elevations
in the disinhibition and psychoticism domains were associated with approximately twice the odds of premature
termination than normative levels, when examined in both single and multiple regression frameworks. Negative
affectivity and antagonism were associated with reduced likelihood of premature termination only after
controlling for elevations in other PID-5 BF domains; they showed no bivariate associations with premature
termination. These results add to the literature on the clinical utility of the PID-5. Further, they suggest
importance of considering personality pathology within diverse clinical populations and the use of the PID-5 BF
as one easily administered screening tool that can provide important information about differential treatment
response. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
11. Coping motives mediate the relationship between borderline personality features and alcohol, cannabis, and prescription
opioid use disorder symptomatology in a substance use disorder treatment sample
Authors Vest, Noel A.; Tragesser, Sarah
Database PsycINFO
Page 11 of 68
Abstract Borderline personality disorder and substance use disorder co-occur at a high rate. However, little is known
about the mechanisms driving this association. This study examined substance use motives for 3 common
substance use disorders among 193 individuals in substance use disorder treatment. We found that the coping
motive consistently mediated the relationship between borderline personality and alcohol, cannabis, and
prescription opioid use disorders. For this substance use disorder treatment sample, our findings support the
self-medication model of substance use, and that interventions aimed at coping-related substance use would be
helpful among these patients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal
abstract)
12. The DSM–5 section III personality disorder criterion a in relation to both pathological and general personality traits
Authors Sleep, Chelsea E.; Weiss, Brandon; Lynam, Donald R.; Miller, Joshua D.
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Following the introduction of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM–5),
section III alternative model of personality disorder, much of the empirical attention has been directed toward
testing the performance of Criterion B (i.e., pathological traits). Much more recently, with the development of
assessment tools related to Criterion A (i.e., personality impairment), a burgeoning literature base is forming for
it as well. A closer look at the Criterion A component, however, reveals disagreements around its structure,
discriminant validity, ability to distinguish between personality-based and nonpersonality-based forms of
psychopathology, overlap between the two criteria, and incremental validity. The goal of the current study ( N =
365 undergraduates) was to test Criterion A in relation to both pathological personality traits, as specified in
the DSM–5, and general personality traits, as some scholars suggested that might be more appropriate. The
results suggest that impairment domains overlap substantially with pathological and general traits, and these
traits account for considerable variance in impairment domains. Most importantly, the findings suggest that
general and pathological traits functioned in nearly identical ways, as evidenced by the similar relations that
they evinced with traditional DSM–5 personality disorder constructs. In line with previous work, the present
findings demonstrate limited discriminant validity among impairment domains and an inability to distinguish
between Axis I and II symptoms. Further research on the alternative model of personality disorder is needed to
test the necessity and sufficiency of its constituent components. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all
13. A meta-analysis of psychodynamic treatments for borderline and cluster C personality disorders
Authors Keefe, John R.; McMain, Shelley F.; McCarthy, Kevin S.; Zilcha-Mano, Sigal; Dinger, Ulrike; Sahin, Zeynep;
Graham, Kathryn; Barber, Jacques P.
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Personality disorders (PD) carry high psychosocial dysfunction and are associated with treatment resistance in
nonspecialized care. Psychodynamic therapies (PDT) are often used to treat PDs, but there has never been a
systematic meta-analysis of PDT trials for PD. To evaluate the evidence base for PDTs for PDs across multiple
outcome domain, a systematic search for PDT for PD trials was conducted through PubMed and PsycINFO.
Sixteen trials were identified, comprising 19 dynamic, 8 active, and 9 control groups predominantly reflecting
treatment of borderline and mixed Cluster C PDs, and a random effects meta-analysis was undertaken. PDTs
were superior to controls in improving core PD symptoms ( g = −0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI; −0.87,
−0.41]), suicidality ( g = −0.79, p = .02; 95% CI [−1.38, −0.20]), general psychiatric symptoms ( g = −0.47; 95% CI
[−0.69, −0.25]), and functioning ( g = −0.66; 95% CI [−1.01, −0.32]), but not for interpersonal problems due to
heterogeneity ( g = −1.25; 95% CI [−3.22, 0.71]). Outcomes for PDTs were not different from other active
treatments in core PD ( g = 0.05; 95% CI [−0.25, 0.35]) or other symptoms. This pattern continued into
posttreatment follow-up (average 14 months). Study quality was generally rated as adequate and was unrelated
to outcomes. Compared with other treatments, PDTs do not have different acute effects and are superior to
controls, although only trials treating BPD employed active controls and non-BPD trials were of lower quality.
Underresearched areas include narcissistic PD, specific Cluster C disorders, and personality pathology as a
continuous construct. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
14. Characterization of relationship instability in women with borderline personality disorder: A social network analysis
Page 12 of 68
Authors Lazarus, Sophie A.; Beeney, Joseph E.; Howard, Kristen P.; Strunk, Daniel R.; Pilkonis, Paul. A.; Cheavens,
Jennifer S.
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Interpersonal dysfunction is considered a cornerstone of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Relationships
are described as intense and unstable, with individuals with BPD alternating between idealization and
devaluation of relationship partners. Furthermore, a lack of stable and supportive relationships may be related
to symptom maintenance and exacerbation. Despite widespread recognition of the importance of relationship
instability in BPD, there is little empirical evidence about the nature of such instability and how it emerges over
time. We examined the stability of social networks of women diagnosed with BPD ( n = 27) and healthy controls
(HCs; n = 23) by assessing key characteristics of relationships (satisfaction, support, closeness, conflict, and
criticism) over a 6-month period. We conducted analyses to examine whether relationship instability depended
on the frequency of interaction with members of the network. Results showed that the relationships of women
in the BPD group were perceived as more unstable than those of the HC group. Compared with women in the
HC group, women with BPD had networks with more relationships that had undergone significant change or
had been "cut off" over the course of the study. The relationship between frequency of interaction and
instability in support and satisfaction differed between groups. Women in the HC group showed greater
instability in support with partners they interacted with infrequently, whereas women in the BPD group
showed greater instability in satisfaction with partners they interacted with more frequently. Implications for
understanding interpersonal dysfunction in BPD are discussed and possible areas of relevance for treatment
development are highlighted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal
abstract)
15. Self-criticism and dependency predict affective variability in borderline personality disorder: An ecological momentary
assessment study
Authors Vansteelandt, Kristof; Houben, Marlies; Claes, Laurence; Berens, Ann; Sleuwaegen, Ellen; Kuppens, Peter
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Affective variability is a defining feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). We hypothesize that patients
with BPD who score higher on self-criticism and/or dependency—patients with a relative emphasis on self-
definition and interpersonal relatedness, respectively—are characterized by more affective variability in
positive and negative emotions. To examine this hypothesis, a sample of 32 patients with BPD reported their
momentary feelings of anger, depression, anxiety, cheerfulness, and relaxation in an experience sampling study
with 10 random signals scheduled per day for 8 days. Using heterogeneous linear mixed models, results indicate
that patients with BPD who score higher on self-criticism show more within-person variance (WPV) in anger,
depression, anxiety, cheerfulness, and feeling relaxed, whereas patients who score higher on dependency show
more WPV in anger but less WPV in anxiety and feeling relaxed. Consequently, individual differences in
affective variability in BPD are, after adjustment for the confounding between the mean and WPV of affect,
related to personality vulnerabilities like self-criticism and dependency. These results add evidence to two-
polarities models of personality and the existing view that there is substantial heterogeneity in BPD. (PsycINFO
16. Understanding the association between borderline personality disorder and alcohol-related problems: An examination of
drinking motives, impulsivity, and affective instability
Authors Kaufman, Erin A.; Perez, Jessica; Lazarus, Sophie; Stepp, Stephanie D.; Pedersen, Sarah L.
Source Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment; Nov 2019
Publication Date Nov 2019
Database PsycINFO
Page 13 of 68
Abstract Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and alcohol use disorder frequently co-occur, yet we know relatively
little about risk processes underlying this association. Previous research with nonclinical samples has
highlighted how drinking motives may link personality characteristics with heavy alcohol use and problems. The
present study substantively extends previous research by examining if drinkers with BPD had higher levels of
alcohol use problems compared with drinkers without BPD and similar levels of alcohol use involvement.
Multiple domains of impulsivity and affective instability were examined as dimensional markers of risk that may
increase alcohol problems for individuals with BPD. Furthermore, multiple domains of drinking motives were
examined as potential mediators accounting for the association between BPD and alcohol-related problems.
Participants were 81 current drinkers ( n = 39 with a current diagnosis of BPD). Results indicated that those
with BPD endorsed more alcohol problems compared with non-BPD drinkers, F(1, 77) = 22.26, p < .001. These
findings remained after accounting for multiple domains of impulsivity and affective instability. The indirect
effects of coping and conformity-related drinking motives partially accounted for the relation between BPD
and alcohol problems. Research examining differential response to alcohol for individuals with BPD is needed
to directly test if acute alcohol consumption is particularly effective at reducing negative affect for adults with
BPD. Offering alternative methods of managing uncomfortable or painful states and/or fitting in with others
socially may represent particularly important targets for intervention efforts that decrease these reasons for
drinking. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
17. Opioid use in pregnancy: Borderline features and Hepatitis C virus

Authors Kurdziel-Adams, Gretchen; Macfie, Jenny; Kors, Stephanie; Fortner, Kimberly B.; Towers, Craig V.; Lydic, Ralph
Source Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment; Nov 2019
Database PsycINFO
Abstract This study examined the relationship between borderline personality disorder assessed as self-reported
borderline features (Morey, 1991), opioid use, and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in pregnant women. There were 55
women in the opioid use group and 38 in the comparison group who were at high risk due to medical issues that
did not include drug use. Women were in their 2nd or 3rd trimester. All women received Medicaid and were
racially representative of the geographic area (84% White). We assessed opioid use severity from medical
records based on urine assays and prescriptions for opioids. The results revealed that women who scored in the
clinical range of total borderline features, which is associated with a diagnosis of borderline personality
disorder (Trull, 1995), had 2.83 greater odds of being opioid users (prescribed and nonprescribed) than had
individuals below the cutoff. The borderline features of affective instability, identity disturbance, negative
relationships, and self-harm/impulsivity were significantly correlated with opioid use severity. Negative
relationships and self-harm/impulsivity contributed significant variance in opioid use severity over and above
affective instability and identity disturbance. Women in the clinical range of borderline features were more
likely to have HCV than were women below the cutoff, and the borderline feature of negative relationships
specifically was associated with HCV. We discuss implications for interventions to address negative
relationships and self-harm/impulsivity and interventions to help prevent opioid misuse in women before they
become pregnant. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
18. Affinity between us: Examining how psychopathic traits influence the stigmatization of psychiatric disorders
Authors Durand, Guillaume; Metcalfe, Robyn E.; Arbone, Ioana-Smărăndita
Source Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment; Nov 2019; vol. 10 (no. 6); p. 551-556
PubMedID 31545636
Database PsycINFO
Page 14 of 68
Abstract Psychopathy is a personality disorder that is often stigmatized in both the general population and in legal
settings. Although individuals with psychopathy face significant stigma, individuals with elevated psychopathic
traits may hold fewer stigmatizing beliefs about this population. It is unclear, however, if this relationship stems
from feelings of similarity or from traits of fearlessness that are commonly observed in some psychopathic
individuals. In this study, 661 participants from the community were recruited online and completed the
Triarchic Psychopathy Measure. They were then randomly assigned to read a description of either a nonviolent
or violent psychopath, as well as either a nonviolent or violent person with schizophrenia. All participants also
read a vignette of a nondangerous person with depression. For each description, participants completed the
Attribution Questionnaire to measure stigmatizing attributes based on the vignette. Psychopathic traits were
negatively associated with the stigmatization of individuals presented as either dangerous or nondangerous
psychopaths, but were not associated with either forms of schizophrenia or with depression. Findings are
explained in terms of identification with psychopaths. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights
19. A study of risky sexual behavior, beliefs about sexual behavior, and sexual self-efficacy in adolescent inpatients with and
without borderline personality disorder
Authors Penner, Francesca; Wall, Kiana; Jardin, Charles; Brown, Jennifer L.; Sales, Jessica M.; Sharp, Carla
PubMedID 31259605
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Risky sexual behavior (RSB) during adolescence increases risk for sexually transmitted diseases and teenage
pregnancy. Youth with psychiatric diagnoses are more likely to engage in RSB, and borderline personality
disorder (BPD) in adolescence may be particularly relevant to RSB. It is not yet clear whether adolescents with
BPD engage in higher levels of RSB than adolescents with other psychiatric diagnoses. The present study
examined RSB and correlates of RSB among adolescent inpatient females with and without BPD. One hundred
twenty-three female adolescent inpatients (Mage = 15.15, 71.5% Caucasian, 40.6% BPD) completed an
interview to assess BPD diagnosis and measures of BPD traits, RSB, attitudes and perceived norms related to
RSB, and sexual self-efficacy. Results indicated no differences in RSB based on BPD diagnosis. However, the
BPD group evidenced significantly lower self-efficacy to refuse sex, and riskier attitudes and perceived peer
norms about sexual behavior than inpatient controls. When examined dimensionally using borderline traits and
controlling for level of psychopathology, borderline traits were significantly related to lower self-efficacy to
refuse sex. Results suggest that adolescent girls with BPD do not engage in higher levels of RSB than inpatient
psychiatric controls; however, riskier attitudes and norms related to RSB, and particularly lower self-efficacy to
refuse sex, may influence adolescent girls with BPD or BPD traits to engage in higher levels of RSB later in life
and therefore present important preventative treatment targets. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all
20. Improving characterization of psychopathy within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth
Edition ( DSM–5), alternative model for personality disorders: Creation and validation of Personality Inventory for
DSM–5 Triarchic scales
Authors Drislane, Laura E.; Sellbom, Martin; Brislin, Sarah J.; Strickland, Casey M.; Christian, Elliott; Wygant, Dustin B.;
Krueger, Robert F.; Patrick, Christopher J.
PubMedID 31259604
Database PsycINFO
Page 15 of 68
Abstract The latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5) bridges a significant
gap in psychiatric nosology by providing trait-based characterizations of psychopathy along with antisocial
personality disorder within the Section III alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD). However, the
representation of psychopathy in the AMPD has met with some criticisms (Crego & Widiger, 2014; Few, Lynam,
Maples, MacKillop, & Miller, 2015). The current study was undertaken to establish an improved means for
characterizing psychopathy in DSM–5 Section III terms, by creating scale measures of triarchic psychopathy
dimensions using items from the best-established assessment instrument for the AMPD, the Personality
Inventory for DSM–5 (PID-5). Using data from a sample of community adults (N = 210), we employed a
construct rating and psychometric refinement approach to develop item-based PID-5 Triarchic scales for
measuring psychopathy dimensions of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. The validity of the PID-5 Triarchic
scales was then evaluated in relation to criteria including other scale measures of the triarchic constructs and
psychopathy, self-reported antisocial behavior and substance use, empathy, internalizing and other clinical
problems, and personality within the development sample and a separate independent sample of adults (N =
240) recruited to have elevated psychopathic traits. Results of this work provide a foundation for improved
characterization of psychopathy in terms of the AMPD trait system and provide a mechanism for future
research oriented toward clarifying the developmental interface between childhood conduct disorder and
psychopathy, as well as identifying neurobiological correlates of dimensions of psychopathy. (PsycINFO
21. An evaluation of clinical practice guidelines for self-harm in adolescents: The role of borderline personality pathology
Authors Boylan, Khrista; Chahal, Jasmine; Courtney, Darren B.; Sharp, Carla; Bennett, Kathryn
PubMedID 31478716
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with high rates of self-harm, suicide attempts, and death by
suicide in adults and adolescents. Screening and assessment of BPD in self-harming adolescents could be an
important clinical intervention. The aim of this article was to identify whether existing clinical practice
guidelines (CPGs) for the care of self-harm in adolescents considered the screening, diagnosis, and/or
treatment of BPD. Previous work by Courtney, Duda, Szatmari, Henderson, and Bennett (2018) used Preferred
Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methods to identify 10 CPGs relevant to self-harm
in children and adolescents. In this study, the 10 CPGs were reviewed for content about screening, assessment,
and/or treatment recommendations for adolescents with BPD. Out of the 10 CPGs, 4 acknowledged the
association between BPD and self-harm in adolescents. There was minimal to no guidance provided in the CPGs
regarding specific screening, assessment, or treatment strategies for BPD. This may be due to the lack of
evidence for efficacy and effectiveness of screening for BPD, thereby limiting the development of guideline
recommendations. Studies that examine the impact of screening for BPD in clinical settings are needed. In the
interim, CPGs should cite the prevalence of BPD in adolescents who self-harm and reference research showing
the benefit of treatment with dialectical behavioral therapy for self-harm and suicide attempts in youth with
BPD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
22. A meta-analysis of treatment as usual for borderline personality disorder

Authors Finch, Ellen F.; Iliakis, Evan A.; Masland, Sara R.; Choi-Kain, Lois W.
PubMedID 31414854
Database PsycINFO
Page 16 of 68
Abstract In the era of evidence-based medicine, "treatment as usual" (TAU) for borderline personality disorder (BPD) is
often considered ineffective or even iatrogenic. To evaluate the effects of TAU, this meta-analysis examined
published data from the TAU arms of randomized controlled trials of manualized psychotherapies for BPD.
Studies were selected through a comprehensive bibliographic search. A total of 16 studies met inclusion
criteria. Comprehensive Meta-analysis V3 software was used for computing and pooling effect sizes. For the
primary outcome category of BPD symptoms, Hedges’ g showed a small-to-moderate improvement for patients
in TAU conditions (11 studies; g = 0.371; 95% confidence intervals [CI: 0.246, 0.495]). Secondary outcomes
included general psychopathology, global functioning, and self-harm/suicidality. Hedges’ g indicated small
improvements in general psychopathology (14 studies; g = 0.119; 95% CI [0.025, 0.214]) and global functioning
(10 studies; g = 0.254; 95% CI [0.123, 0.384]). No significant effect was found for changes in self-harm/
suicidality (four studies; g = 0.003; 95% CI [−0.193, 0.199]). These findings question the notion that TAU for
BPD is inherently iatrogenic. Thus, in the absence of specialized treatment for BPD, standard available care may
be a practical option. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
23. Clinical utility of categorical and dimensional perspectives on personality pathology: A meta-analytic review
Authors Bornstein, Robert F.; Natoli, Adam P.
PubMedID 31545632
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Increasing dissatisfaction with categorical personality disorder (PD) diagnoses has led to the development of
dimensional PD frameworks, which have gained influence in recent years. Although most studies contrasting
the dimensional and categorical frameworks focus on issues related to construct validity, there is a burgeoning
literature evaluating the clinical utility of these two approaches, with studies typically contrasting clinicians’
ratings of various dimensions of clinical utility in the 2 frameworks using case vignettes or actual patients. This
study used meta-analytic techniques to synthesize extant findings in this area, integrating data from 11 studies
(103 total effect sizes, N of raters = 2,033) wherein clinical utility ratings of categorical and dimensional PD
frameworks were compared. Dimensional models in general, and the five-factor model in particular, received
more positive clinical utility ratings than categorical PD models in the majority of clinical utility domains.
Stronger results were obtained for ratings of actual patients than ratings derived from case vignettes.
Implications of these findings for the conceptualization and diagnosis of personality pathology are discussed,
and suggestions for future research in this area are offered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights
24. Borderline personality disorder traits associate with midlife cardiometabolic risk
Authors Barber, Taylor A.; Ringwald, Whitney R.; Wright, Aidan G. C.; Manuck, Stephen B.
Source Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment; Oct 2019
Publication Date Oct 2019
Database PsycINFO
Abstract There is growing interest in relationships between borderline personality disorder (BPD) pathology and
physical health outcomes. Diagnostic BPD and BPD-related traits, for instance, have been shown to associate
with self-reported cardiovascular disease and various cardiometabolic risk factors. However, potential
confounding of these associations by comorbid depression, which itself contributes to risk for heart disease,
remains unresolved, and previous research is limited by nearly uniform reliance on self-reported health status.
In the present study, we examine the association of BPD traits and contemporaneously assessed depressive
mood with instrumented measures of cardiometabolic risk in a midlife community sample ( N = 1,295). BPD
pathology was measured using dimensional, multi-informant trait measures; depressive symptomology was
self-reported; and cardiometabolic risk was indexed via multiple indicators of insulin resistance, adiposity,
dyslipidemia, and blood pressure. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the effects of BPD traits
and depressive symptoms on aggregated cardiometabolic risk, adjusting for their shared variance. Results
showed both BPD features and depressive symptomatology related to the extent of cardiometabolic risk; when
examined simultaneously, only BPD associated independently with risk indicators. In further supporting a link
between BPD pathology and cardiovascular disease risk, these findings warrant future work to elucidate
intervening behavioral and biological mechanisms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights
Page 17 of 68
25. The independent roles of mindfulness and distress tolerance in treatment outcomes in dialectical behavior therapy skills
training
Authors Zeifman, Richard J.; Boritz, Tali; Barnhart, Ryan; Labrish, Cathy; McMain, Shelley F.
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Despite research supporting the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for borderline personality
disorder (BPD), few studies have examined how DBT leads to clinical change. DBT is theorized to lead to
improved clinical outcomes by enhancing the capacity for emotion regulation, including improvement in skills
(e.g., mindfulness and distress tolerance) for managing emotional distress and impulsive behaviors. Therefore,
the aim of this study was to test whether improvements in mindfulness and distress tolerance indirectly affect
the relationship between DBT skills training and clinical outcomes. The sample consists of 84 patients
diagnosed with BPD who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial comparing 20 weeks of DBT-skills
group (DBT-S) to an active waitlist control. Mindfulness and distress tolerance were assessed at baseline and at
the end of the 20 weeks. BPD symptoms, general psychiatric symptoms, and social adjustment were assessed at
the end of 20 weeks and combined into a latent variable representing a broad assessment of general
psychopathology. Relative to the waitlist control group, improvements in mindfulness and distress tolerance
each independently indirectly affected the relationship between DBT-S and posttreatment general
psychopathology. Findings suggest that DBT-S exerts its effects on outcomes through improvements in
mindfulness and distress tolerance. These findings support the significance of mindfulness and distress
tolerance in DBT-S for BPD. Limitations, future directions, and clinical implications are discussed. (PsycINFO
26. Associations between the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, alternative model of
antisocial personality disorder, psychopathic specifier, and psychopathy-related facets with aggression in a sample of
incarcerated males
Authors Dunne, Ashley L.; Lloyd, Caleb; Lee, Stuart; Daffern, Michael
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Using the Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition
(DSM–5), this study examined whether the Section III Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,
Fifth Edition, alternative model antisocial personality disorder, psychopathic specifier, and three additional
conceptually relevant psychopathy-related facets (Grandiosity, Perseveration, and Restricted Affectivity) were
associated with aggression in a sample of 208 incarcerated males. Regression and commonality analyses
revealed complex facet interrelationships, whereby common effects among the personality facets accounted
for a comparatively greater or equal amount of variance in aggression history than facet unique effects. In
particular, a nexus of antisocial personality disorder traits (Hostility, Risk Taking, and Callousness) emerged as
the most influential facets within the model. In summary, the present study highlights that the personality
drivers underlying aggression history were best characterized as trait overlap rather than trait independent.
The complexity of these relationships suggests more research is required to reduce facet cross-loadings and
maximize discriminant validity of the Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fifth Edition. Further, within clinical settings (a) the development of practical interpretive guides
should be considered a high priority to assist clinicians working with aggressive offenders with complex
maladaptive personality presentations, and (b) rehabilitation programs should prioritize trait hostility,
callousness and risk taking, and emotional management as primary treatment targets to reduce aggression
propensity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
27. Dynamics among borderline personality and anxiety features in psychotherapy outpatients: An exploration of nomothetic
and idiographic patterns
Authors Ellison, William D.; Levy, Kenneth N.; Newman, Michelle G.; Pincus, Aaron L.; Wilson, Stephen J.; Molenaar,
Peter C. M.
Database PsycINFO
Page 18 of 68
Abstract Borderline personality disorder (BPD) involves instability in self-concept, emotions, and behavior. However, the
dynamic, longitudinal relations among BPD symptoms and between these symptoms and other problematic
emotional experiences are poorly understood. It is also unclear whether these dynamics are the same across
persons (including across diagnostic boundaries), specific to individuals with BPD, or idiographic. The current
study uses ecological momentary assessment and group iterative multiple model estimation, a novel, data-
driven approach to identifying dynamic patterns in time-series data at group, subgroup, and individual levels, to
investigate the dynamic connections among select features of BPD (anger, impulsivity, and identity disturbance)
and anxiety-related experiences. Forty-two psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with BPD ( n = 27) or with an
anxiety disorder, but not BPD ( n = 15), rated their anger, identity disturbance, impulsivity, anxiety, stress, and
calmness states 6 times per day for 21 days, providing a total of 4,699 surveys. Only 1 dynamic link between
symptoms was identified that applied at the group level, and group iterative multiple model estimation did not
reveal stable subgroups of individuals with distinct symptom dynamics. Instead, these dynamics differed from
individual to individual. These results suggest that connections among these BPD and anxiety symptoms do not
depend on diagnosis and are somewhat idiographic. Case examples are used to illustrate the clinical utility of
within-person symptom models as a supplement to traditional diagnostic information. (PsycINFO Database
Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
28. Level of personality functioning as a predictor of psychosocial functioning—Concurrent validity of criterion A

Authors Buer Christensen, Tore; Eikenaes, Ingeborg; Hummelen, Benjamin; Pedersen, Geir; Nysæter, Tor-Erik; Bender,
Donna S.; Skodol, Andrew E.; Selvik, Sara Germans
Database PsycINFO
Abstract The alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM–5), defines personality functioning by assessment of impairment in Identity and
Self-direction (Self component) and in Empathy and Intimacy (Interpersonal). These four domains constitute the
Level of Personality Functioning Scale, a trans-diagnostic measure of PD severity. The association between the
Level of Personality Functioning Scale and psychosocial impairment based on other previously established
psychosocial functioning instruments has not been reported. A total of 317 individuals, including a
representative clinical sample of 282 patients (192 with a personality disorder [PD] diagnosis), was evaluated
with the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM–5 AMPD Module I. Self-reported impairment was measured
by the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), and social and occupational impairment was assessed by the
functioning score of the Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF-F). WSAS and GAF-F both correlated
significantly with mean LPFS scores and the sum of DSM–IV PD criteria. For both measures, the mean LPFS was
a stronger predictor for psychosocial impairment than the sum of DSM–IV PD criteria. Within the LPFS, the Self
component was a better predictor than the Interpersonal component for both WSAS and GAF-F. For the four
domains, the results diverged, with Identity as the strongest predictor by far for WSAS. Empathy was the only
significant predictor for impairment evaluated by GAF-F, but its contribution to variance was not substantial.
29. Mixed results of a pilot RCT of time-limited schema mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and competitive memory therapy
plus treatment as usual for personality disorders
Authors van Vreeswijk, Michiel Floris; Spinhoven, Philip; Zedlitz, Aglaia Maria Emma; Eurelings-Bontekoe, Elisabeth
Hyacintha Marie
Source Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment; Sep 2019
Publication Date Sep 2019
Database PsycINFO
Page 19 of 68
Abstract Waiting lists for psychotherapy for patients with personality disorders are increasing; there is an imbalance
between the number of patients seeking help and the amount of therapy available. Thus, there is a need for
time-limited treatments that are effective for specific patients and their specific problems. This pilot
randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the effectiveness of two 8-week group modules + treatment as
usual (TAU): schema mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (SMBCT) and competitive memory therapy (COMET)
with special attention to predictors and mediators of change. Patients ( N = 58) were randomized to either
SMBCT + TAU or COMET + TAU. The dropout rate was 34%. Time effects were found for both treatments, but
neither was more effective than the other, and around 23% showed deterioration after treatment. Explorative
analyses suggested that predictors for change were severity of psychological distress and a demanding and/or
punitive attitude toward oneself at baseline. Global severity index change in the beginning of the treatment
mediated schema changes later on in treatment. SMBCT + TAU and COMET + TAU might be mostly suitable for
patients with high levels of symptom severity followed by high scores on parent modes. More research is
needed to tailor these time-limited therapies to specific personality problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c)
2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
30. Identifying unstable and empty phenotypes of borderline personality through factor mixture modeling in a large nonclinical
sample
Authors Johnson, Benjamin N.; Levy, Kenneth N.
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is serious, prevalent, and symptomatically heterogeneous. Identifying
distinct phenotypes of BPD features promises useful diagnostic and treatment implications. Although a series
of subtyping studies exist, only two have examined BPD symptom configurations while taking into account BPD
severity. We used factor mixture modeling to identify discrete subtypes of BPD features, simultaneously
considering symptom severity, in the largest nonclinical young adult sample to date. Undergraduates ( N =
20,010; 63.86% women; M age = 18.75, SD = 1.73) completed the McLean Screening Instrument for BPD, which
was condensed to measure the 9 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders BPD criteria
dichotomously. We used a model comparison approach to determine the optimal latent factor and class
structure of BPD symptoms and validated classes via BPD-relevant constructs. The sample consisted of three
subtypes: Asymptomatic (70%), Unstable (19%), and Empty (11%). The Unstable and Empty classes displayed
elevated BPD symptomatology along a single continuum of BPD severity. Individuals in the Empty class
displayed the highest levels of emptiness and dissociation, emotional distress, and attachment avoidance,
whereas individuals in the Unstable class displayed a high frequency of reckless and self-damaging behaviors.
Our results suggest the importance of a hybrid dimensional/categorical conceptualization of BPD as displayed
in a nonclinical sample. Unstable and Empty classes may be associated with different treatment targets for
subthreshold BPD presentations. The findings are discussed in terms of their clinical implications regarding
diagnosis, treatment, and theoretical conceptualization of BPD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all
31. Emotion regulation difficulties and borderline personality disorder: The moderating role of race
Authors Haliczer, Lauren A.; Dixon-Gordon, Katherine L.; Law, Keyne C.; Anestis, Michael D.; Rosenthal, Mark Zachary;
Chapman, Alexander L.
Database PsycINFO
Page 20 of 68
Abstract Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a disorder characterized by emotion regulation (ER) difficulties.
Although research indicates that patterns of ER differ across racial groups, few studies have examined the role
of race in the ER–BPD association. This study sought to address this gap. Participants in this study identified as
either East Asian, White, or Black, and were recruited from sites in Western Canada and the Southern United
States. Two samples were included in this study: (a) 194 university students who self-reported BPD features
and (b) 88 adults from the community who underwent diagnostic interviews and had a BPD diagnosis. All
participants self-reported ER difficulties. Results revealed that race moderated the link between some aspects
of ER difficulties and BPD. For instance, relations between (a) nonacceptance of emotions and BPD affect
instability, (b) limited access to ER strategies and BPD identity disturbance, and (c) low emotional awareness
and BPD diagnosis were stronger among White (vs. Black or East Asian) participants. Implications of these
findings for the diagnosis and treatment of BPD across racial groups are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
(c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
32. Mentalization and criterion a of the alternative model for personality disorders: Results from a clinical and nonclinical
sample
Authors Zettl, Max; Volkert, Jana; Vögele, Claus; Herpertz, Sabine C.; Kubera, Katharina M.; Taubner, Svenja
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Criterion A of the alternative model for the classification of personality disorders in the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM–5), introduced the Level of Personality Functioning
Scale (LPFS), a dimensional model for the assessment of impairments in self and interpersonal functioning. The
LPFS was developed based on a review of different measures of personality functioning, such as the Reflective
Functioning Scale, a measure of mentalizing. This study investigated the empirical overlap between the LPFS
and mentalization. The study sample included adult inpatients ( n = 55) with a mental disorder and a healthy
adult control group ( n = 55). All participants were examined regarding the LPFS using the Semistructured
Interview for Personality Functioning DSM–5; mentalizing was assessed with the Brief Reflective Functioning
Interview and coded with the Reflective Functioning Scale. We used structural equation modeling to investigate
the relationship between LPFS domains and mentalization. Correlation analysis was used to examine the
agreement between interview-rated LPFS and self-report measures of personality dysfunction. All domains of
the LPFS were significantly related to mentalizing. Interview-rated LPFS was significantly associated with self-
reported personality dysfunction. The findings support the notion that the LPFS and mentalization share a
strong conceptual and operational overlap by demonstrating that both constructs are empirically interrelated.
The results yield further support for the validity of the LPFS as a dimensional model for the assessment of
personality disorder severity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal
abstract)
33. Emotional experiences of clients with borderline personality disorder in dialectical behavior therapy: An empirical
investigation of in-session affect
Authors King, Alexandra M.; Rizvi, Shireen L.; Selby, Edward A.
Source Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment; Sep 2019; vol. 10 (no. 5); p. 468-472
Database PsycINFO
Page 21 of 68
Abstract Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a diagnosis characterized by intense and labile emotion; dialectical
behavior therapy, a common treatment for BPD, aims to reduce the intensity and lability of clients’ emotion
through multiple methods, some of which occur in the therapy session, with the expectation that changes will
generalize to the rest of clients’ lives. However, little research has examined how BPD clients’ affect presents
and varies in session or whether affect in session reflects patients’ patterns of affect outside of treatment. This
study had 2 aims: (a) to explore changes in clients’ positive and negative affect in therapy, and (b) to assess if the
severity of client psychopathology relates to affect in treatment. Positive and negative affect ratings were
collected from clients (N = 73) at the start and end of every individual therapy session (total sessions = 1,474).
Hierarchical linear modeling and linear regression were used to examine patterns of affect and assess the
relationship between affect and severity. Results indicated that positive affect increased while negative affect
decreased between the start and end of sessions, with the same pattern of change in presession affect from
week to week. In addition, increased BPD severity was associated with lower presession positive affect ratings
and higher negative affect ratings. Further exploration is needed to assess which dialectical behavior therapy
treatment processes contribute to changes in in-session affect and how in-session affect relates to treatment
outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
34. Discrepancies in self- and informant-reports of personality pathology: Examining the DSM–5 Section III trait model
Authors Carnovale, Michael; Carlson, Erika N.; Quilty, Lena C.; Bagby, Robert Michael
PubMedID 31259602
Database PsycINFO
Abstract A proposed feature of personality pathology involves disturbances in identity, of which a lack of insight is one
such manifestation. From recommendations in the literature, one potential approach to assess and quantify
such impairment and link it to personality pathology, would be to obtain self-reports and informant reports and
subsequently index the degree personality pathology severity exacerbates self–other discrepancies. The
current study examines the degree to which self-reports and informant reports of Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM–5), Section III trait scores are discrepant (i.e., mean-level
discrepancies and correlational accuracy), as well as whether general personality pathology severity moderates
these characteristics. Target participants (N = 208) in an elevated-risk community sample completed the
Personality Inventory for DSM–5 (PID-5), and knowledgeable informants rated targets using the informant
version of the PID-5. General personality pathology severity was assessed via an aggregate of five-factor model
personality disorder prototype scores derived from self-report, informant-report, and interview ratings. Mean-
level discrepancies and correlational accuracy (and their moderation by general personality pathology) for
PID-5 domains, facets, and personality disorder scores were subsequently examined. Results suggested that
targets tended to mostly rate themselves only slightly lower than informants across all PID-5 scores (median dz
= .21), and correlational accuracy across all PID-5 scores was moderate (median r = .34). Importantly, however,
mean-level discrepancies increased as general personality pathology severity scores increased. Implications
and future directions for the multimethod assessment of dimensional personality pathology are discussed.
35. The experience of benefit and impairment of personality disorder traits and personality disorder trait attitudes
Authors Hart, William; Tortoriello, Gregory K.
PubMedID 31033326
Database PsycINFO
Page 22 of 68
Abstract Recent evidence suggests that people’s personality disorder (PD) trait levels relate positively to attitudes
toward that PD trait, but amid this evidence has arisen an incongruity. In separate studies, people’s PD trait
levels relate positively to rating that PD trait as beneficial and impairing, so explanations for the positive
relation between PD trait levels and PD trait attitudes are needed. We tested 2 explanations using a sample
including adults ( N = 457) who self-reported PD trait levels as well as PD trait benefit, impairment, and
attitudes. The maximization hypothesis, which argues that higher PD trait levels correspond more strongly to
trait-corresponding benefit than impairment, received some support. The weighting hypothesis, which argues
that people disproportionately weigh PD trait benefits over impairments upon generating attitudes of a PD
trait, received general support. Mediation analyses indicated that for each PD trait domain, the indirect effect
of PD trait levels on trait-corresponding attitudes was stronger via trait-corresponding benefit compared with
impairment. We also obtained evidence that relations between PD trait levels and trait-corresponding attitudes
or benefit ratings, but not impairment ratings, were enhanced as perceived control over that trait’s expressions
increased. Findings help illuminate some of the mystery surrounding PD trait evaluation. (PsycINFO Database
36. Introducing a short self-report for the assessment of DSM–5 level of personality functioning for personality
disorders: The Self and Interpersonal Functioning Scale
Authors Gamache, Dominick; Savard, Claudia; Leclerc, Philippe; Côté, Alexandre
PubMedID 31033325
Database PsycINFO
Abstract In the present study, we report on the development and validation of the Self and Interpersonal Functioning
Scale (SIFS), a 24-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess the four core elements of personality
pathology (Identity, Self-direction, Empathy, and Intimacy) from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fifth Edition, Level of Personality Functioning for personality disorders. Participants from a
community sample ( n = 280) and patients from a specialized treatment facility for personality disorders ( n =
106) were included in the validation sample. Overall, the SIFS showed sound psychometric properties. A
second-order factor solution, which consisted of the four Level of Personality Functioning elements and an
overarching personality pathology factor, showed the best fit indices. The four SIFS elements showed a well-
differentiated and conceptually meaningful pattern of associations with related constructs. In light of these
results, the SIFS should be considered as a promising, concise measure of Criterion A for clinical screening and
research purposes. Its relative strengths and limitations in contrast with other existing self-report measures of
Criterion A are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal
abstract)
37. How do schema modes and mode factors align with defense styles and personality disorder symptoms?
Authors Jacobs, Ingo; Lenz, Lisa; Dörner, Stefan; Wegener, Bernhard
Database PsycINFO
Available at Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment from ProQuest PsycARTICLES - NHS
Page 23 of 68
Abstract Maladaptive schema modes (or modes) are a key concept in schema therapy; they reflect sets of currently
activated maladaptive schemas, schema-evoked emotional distress, and coping attempts. Drawing on a set of
20 modes, this study aimed to replicate personality disorder (PD)-specific mode models, to investigate
relationships among modes, higher order mode factors (i.e., Internalization, Externalization, and Compulsivity),
and defense styles and to test the contributions of higher order mode factors and defense styles to variance in
PD symptoms. The sample consisted of N = 533 German-speaking psychiatric inpatients. A total of 67
practically significant correlations between 20 modes and 10 PD scores were found (range: |.44| to |.76|), and
36 out of 47 hypothesized PD-mode associations were confirmed. In a series of 23 regression analyses, the
immature, neurotic, and mature defense styles showed 23, 10, and 12 significant effects on mode variables,
respectively. Defense styles jointly accounted for 9.0% to 42.4% of variance in mode variables after controlling
for the effects of age and sex, implying that modes and defense styles are related yet distinguishable constructs.
Finally, mode factors and defense styles independently accounted for unique variance in all 10 PD scores, with
mode factors contributing significantly more to variance in antisocial, obsessive-compulsive, and avoidant PD
symptoms. Implications of the results for theory and practice are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c)
38. Evaluating dysfunction in cognition and reward among offenders with antisocial personality disorder
Authors Stuppy-Sullivan, Allison; Baskin-Sommers, Arielle
PubMedID 30816777
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Antisocial personality disorder (APD) is a costly clinical condition. Previous studies identify executive
dysfunction and reward sensitivity as factors contributing to APD. However, empirical evidence supporting the
role of these factors in APD is mixed. The present study aimed to identify and specify APD-related dysfunction
in cognitive and reward factors. In a sample of incarcerated males ( N = 116), we administered three tasks
targeting distinct cognitive (perception, executive functioning, and probabilistic decision-making) and reward
(magnitude and consciousness) factors. APD was associated with impaired perception when high magnitude
rewards were at stake, regardless of reward consciousness. APD was associated with worse executive
functioning during conscious high rewards, as well as worse inhibition during high rewards when working
memory demands were high. There was no APD-related performance difference during probabilistic decision-
making. These findings expose the multifaceted nature of cognitive-affective dysfunction in APD, highlighting
the importance of systematic research and providing insight into treatment targets. (PsycINFO Database
39. "The within-person effects of validation and invalidation on in-session changes in affect,": Correction to Benitez et al. (2019)
Authors No authorship indicated
Source Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment; Sep 2019; vol. 10 (no. 5); p. 415
Publication Type(s) Journal Peer Reviewed Journal Erratum/Correction
Database PsycINFO
Page 24 of 68
Abstract Reports an error in "The within-person effects of validation and invalidation on in-session changes in affect" by
Cinthia Benitez, Matthew W. Southward, Erin M. Altenburger, Kristen P. Howard and Jennifer S. Cheavens (
Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, Advanced Online Publication, Feb 04, 2019, np). In the
article, some values in Table 1 were incorrectly marked with asterisks as significant. The corrected table
appears in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2019-05703-001.)
Validation is the accurate reflection of someone’s internal experiences. Validation has been theorized to
enhance the process of therapy and facilitate effective outcomes (Lynch, Chapman, Rosenthal, Kuo, & Linehan,
2006). Additionally, validation may play an integral role in reducing emotional arousal specifically for individuals
with borderline personality disorder (BPD). There is little research on the relation between validation and
therapy outcomes such as affect change. In the current study, we tested the relations among self-reported
validation and invalidation and in-session changes in positive and negative affect with a sample of 52 clients in
treatment. Further, we examined BPD features as a moderator of the relations between self-reported
validation and invalidation and in-session changes in affect. We disaggregated within-person from between-
person effects using client reports of validation and invalidation during Sessions 3 to 7. Greater within-person
validation was associated with decreased postsession negative affect, whereas greater within-person
invalidation was associated with increased postsession NA. Neither validation nor invalidation was related to
changes in positive affect. Further, at elevated levels of BPD features, validation, but not invalidation, was
associated with decreases in negative affect. BPD features did not moderate the relation between validation or
invalidation and postsession positive affect. These results provide empirical evidence that patient-reported
validation and invalidation predict changes in negative affect during sessions. Additionally, these results suggest
that patients with elevated BPD features are particularly responsive to validation during therapy sessions, and
as such, provide an avenue for navigating the in-session negative emotional arousal that these patients often
experience. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
40. The within-person effects of validation and invalidation on in-session changes in affect
Authors Benitez, Cinthia; Southward, Matthew W.; Altenburger, Erin M.; Howard, Kristen P.; Cheavens, Jennifer S.
PubMedID 30714798
Database PsycINFO
Abstract [Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 10(5) of Personality Disorders: Theory,
Research, and Treatment (see record 2019-50033-001). In the article, some values in Table 1 were incorrectly
marked with asterisks as significant. The corrected table appears in the erratum.] Validation is the accurate
reflection of someone’s internal experiences. Validation has been theorized to enhance the process of therapy
and facilitate effective outcomes (Lynch, Chapman, Rosenthal, Kuo, & Linehan, 2006). Additionally, validation
may play an integral role in reducing emotional arousal specifically for individuals with borderline personality
disorder (BPD). There is little research on the relation between validation and therapy outcomes such as affect
change. In the current study, we tested the relations among self-reported validation and invalidation and in-
session changes in positive and negative affect with a sample of 52 clients in treatment. Further, we examined
BPD features as a moderator of the relations between self-reported validation and invalidation and in-session
changes in affect. We disaggregated within-person from between-person effects using client reports of
validation and invalidation during Sessions 3 to 7. Greater within-person validation was associated with
decreased postsession negative affect, whereas greater within-person invalidation was associated with
increased postsession NA. Neither validation nor invalidation was related to changes in positive affect. Further,
at elevated levels of BPD features, validation, but not invalidation, was associated with decreases in negative
affect. BPD features did not moderate the relation between validation or invalidation and postsession positive
affect. These results provide empirical evidence that patient-reported validation and invalidation predict
changes in negative affect during sessions. Additionally, these results suggest that patients with elevated BPD
features are particularly responsive to validation during therapy sessions, and as such, provide an avenue for
navigating the in-session negative emotional arousal that these patients often experience. (PsycINFO Database
41. Multimodal assessment of emotional reactivity and regulation in response to social rejection among self-harming adults
with and without borderline personality disorder
Authors Gratz, Kim L.; Richmond, Julia R.; Dixon-Gordon, Katherine L.; Chapman, Alexander L.; Tull, Matthew T.
PubMedID 30816776
Page 25 of 68
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Theories of borderline personality disorder (BPD) highlight the central role of emotional dysfunction in this
disorder, with a particular emphasis on emotional reactivity and emotion regulation (ER) difficulties. However,
research on emotion-related difficulties in BPD has produced mixed results, often related to the particular
indices of emotional responding used in the studies. As such, the specific nature of emotional dysfunction in
BPD, as well as the extent to which subjective emotion-related difficulties map onto corresponding
physiological deficits, remains unclear. This study examined both subjective and physiological indices of
emotional reactivity and ER difficulties in response to a social rejection emotion induction (relative to a neutral
emotion induction) across three groups of participants: self-harming young adults with BPD, self-harming
young adults without BPD, and clinical controls with no self-harm history or BPD. Consistent with the
hypotheses, results revealed a lack of convergence between subjective and physiological indices of emotional
reactivity and ER difficulties among participants with BPD. Whereas participants with BPD reported both
greater emotional reactivity and greater ER difficulties in response to the negative emotion induction than
participants without self-harm or BPD, there were no significant differences in physiological indices of
emotional reactivity or ER between participants with BPD and either of the control groups. (PsycINFO
42. Inpatient adolescents with borderline personality disorder features: Identity diffusion and narrative incoherence
Authors Lind, Majse; Vanwoerden, Salome; Penner, Francesca; Sharp, Carla
Source Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment; Jul 2019; vol. 10 (no. 4); p. 389-393
Publication Date Jul 2019
PubMedID 31033329
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe disorder with poor prognosis. Therefore, a growing number of
researchers emphasize the need to evaluate correlates of BPD present during adolescence that can be
identified and targeted to prevent exacerbation over time. A core feature of BPD is a disturbed sense of self;
however, such disturbances can manifest themselves in different ways in adolescence. In this study, we
examined whether such disturbances would appear through self-reported identity disturbance and more
indirectly through incoherent oral narratives, rated based on the content derived from the Child Attachment
Interview. Thus, higher levels of identity diffusion and lower levels of narrative coherence of past events were
expected to associate with BPD features in 70 inpatient adolescents. Findings confirmed hypotheses; however,
when considering covariance between narrative coherence and identity diffusion, only identity diffusion
remained significant. Findings are discussed in terms of how both constructs might be underlying mechanisms
of a disturbed sense of self in BPD and how they speak to future treatment and a more dimensional
conceptualization of personality disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
(Source: journal abstract)
43. Description and prediction of social isolation in borderline patients over 20 years of prospective follow-up
Authors Pucker, Hannah E.; Temes, Christina M.; Zanarini, Mary C.
PubMedID 31045388
Database PsycINFO
Page 26 of 68
Abstract Past social network analysis studies have indicated that patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are
significantly more socially isolated than comparison subjects. The present study aimed to build on the findings
of these cross-sectional social network analysis studies. The first purpose of this study was to assess and
compare the prevalence of social isolation in borderline patients and personality-disordered comparison
subjects over 20 years of follow-up. The second was to determine the best baseline predictors of social isolation
in these borderline patients. A total of 290 adult inpatients meeting rigorous criteria for BPD and 72
personality-disordered comparison subjects were recruited during inpatient admission at the participating
institution. At baseline, interviews assessing psychiatric diagnoses, psychosocial functioning, and childhood
history, and a self-report questionnaire assessing temperament were administered to all subjects. The
diagnostic and psychosocial measures were readministered every 2 years over the course of 20 years. It was
found that borderline patients were significantly more likely to be socially isolated than personality-disordered
comparison subjects over time. Additionally, among borderline subjects, three variables were found to be
significant multivariate predictors of social isolation: lower childhood competence, lower trait extraversion, and
lower trait agreeableness. Taken together, these results suggest that social isolation remains an unfortunate
outcome in a sizable minority of borderline patients over time. These results also indicate that isolation is
strongly associated with enduring aspects of competence and temperament in patients with BPD. (PsycINFO
44. Comparing DSM–5-Hybrid, SWAP, and PDM prototype models of personality disorders: Convergent and
divergent findings
Authors Huprich, Steven K.; Jowers, Callie; Nelson, Sharon
PubMedID 31033327
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Although dimensional models of personality disorders are of great interest, there exist three methods by which
personality disorders may be diagnosed for their fit to a predetermined prototype. In this study, we evaluate a
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM–5), hybrid model prototype match
(modified from the original prototype DSM–5 proposal; Skodol, Bender, Morey, et al., 2011; Skodol, Bender,
Oldham, et al., 2011), the Shedler–Westen Assessment Procedure–2 (Shedler, 2015), and the Psychodynamic
Diagnostic Manual prototype match ( PDM Task Force, 2006). Three hundred twenty-nine clinical psychology
graduate students and interns rated patients they currently were treating with each of the aforementioned
diagnostic models, as well as completing a checklist of their DSM–IV personality disorder symptoms. Matching
a prototype was defined as being a very good match (exemplifying the disorder, a prototypical case) or a good
match (has the diagnosis, disorder applies). Frequencies of the prototype assignments are reported. For the
SWAP-2 and PDM, depressive and borderline personality disorders were most frequently assigned, whereas
avoidant and borderline personality disorder were the most assigned prototypes for the DSM–5 hybrid
categories. However, the degree of convergence across methods on similar diagnostic constructs was low.
Implications of these findings for personality disorder diagnosis are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c)
45. Emotional modulation of the pupil response in psychopathy

Authors Burley, Daniel T.; Gray, Nicola S.; Snowden, Robert J.
PubMedID 30507237
Database PsycINFO
Page 27 of 68
Abstract Psychopathy is a form of personality disorder associated with a deficit in emotional processing. However, there
is debate whether this deficit applies to all emotions or exists only for negative emotions. The pupil dilates
rapidly in response to emotional stimuli, allowing a time-sensitive index of emotional processing. Across 3
experiments using (a) visual images of real-world scenes, (b) auditory sound clips, and (c) videos of dynamic
facial expressions, we measured emotional modulation of the pupil response to both negative and positive
stimuli. Participants were 82 male mentally disordered offenders. Psychopathy was measured using the
Psychopathy Checklist—Revised to produce factor scores of interpersonal–affective traits (Factor 1) and
lifestyle–antisocial traits (Factor 2). Participants with high Factor 1 scores showed reduced emotional
modulation of the pupil response to negative images and angry faces but not to any of the positive stimuli.
These effects only occurred shortly after the emotion was presented (<2,000 ms), suggesting delayed
processing of negative affective stimuli in Factor 1 psychopathy. Factor 2 scores were not associated with any
changes in pupil response. There were no effects of psychopathy on the pupil response to the affective sound
clips. The results support a specific psychopathic deficit in the processing of negative stimuli related to the
interpersonal–affective dimension of psychopathy. We argue that pupillometry is a powerful and noninvasive
tool to investigate emotional processing in clinical populations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all
46. Longitudinal associations among primary and secondary psychopathic traits, anxiety, and borderline personality disorder
features across adolescence
Authors Vaillancourt, Tracy; Brittain, Heather
PubMedID 30628800
Database PsycINFO
Abstract The individual and societal burden of psychopathy warrants an investigation into identifying its early
precursors and developmental course. Accordingly, we examined the longitudinal pathways between primary
and secondary psychopathic traits, anxiety, and borderline personality disorder (BPD) features across
adolescence. Participants included 572 Canadian adolescents (253 girls; aged 13.96 [SD = 0.37] in Grade 8;
70.6% Caucasian) who were assessed annually on five occasions (Grades 8–12) using the Antisocial Process
Screening Device (psychopathic traits), the Behavior Assessment System for Children-2 (symptoms of anxiety),
and the Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children (features of BPD). Autoregressive latent trajectory
models with structured residuals provided stringent tests of within-person cross-lagged associations, while
controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, household income, and parental education. Results indicated that primary
psychopathic traits were preceded by and predicted anxiety such that individuals who increased in primary
psychopathic traits subsequently declined in anxiety, and vice versa. Results also indicated that BPD features
were associated with secondary psychopathic traits and anxiety. Specifically, increases in BPD features were
linked with increases in secondary psychopathic traits and anxiety. Our results suggest that even after
accounting for between-person associations and other known correlates, the development of psychopathic
traits is embedded within the development of emotional characteristics and personality features. This
highlights areas for intervention in adolescence, particularly around the core, shared trait of impulsivity and
anger. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
47. Clarifying the interstitial nature of facets from the Personality Inventory for DSM–5 using the five factor model of
personality
Authors Watters, Carolyn A.; Sellbom, Martin; Uliaszek, Amanda A.; Bagby, R. Michael
PubMedID 30816775
Database PsycINFO
Page 28 of 68
Abstract Although the higher order structure of the Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (PID-5; Krueger, Derringer, Markon, Watson, & Skodol, 2012), is well-
established, the lower order structure and facet-to-domain assignment is inconsistent across studies. Some
studies used the five-factor model of adaptive personality (FFM) as a framework to evaluate and characterize
this lower order structure; however, findings have been limited in various respects including the use of primarily
Caucasian and nonclinical samples. The goal of the current investigation was to clarify and extend knowledge of
the lower order structure of the PID-5 through joint PID-5/FFM analysis using an ethnically diverse
undergraduate sample ( N = 492) and psychiatric patient sample ( N = 388). Our findings revealed an optimal
five-factor structure in the undergraduate sample (in which Openness facets did not load on any factor) and a
six-factor structure in the clinical sample (in which Openness formed its own factor). Domains displayed good
convergent validity with the domains of the personality psychopathology five model, except for Disinhibition/
Conscientiousness, in which the lack of convergence was explained by Conscientiousness. Furthermore, we
evaluated six specific PID-5 facets with respect to interstitiality and optimal PID-5 domain placement, where
results supported several recommendations for model modification of the PID-5 structure. These include
moving Restricted Affectivity to Detachment from Negative Affectivity, moving Hostility to Antagonism from
Negative Affectivity, moving Suspiciousness to Negative Affectivity from Detachment, and removing
Submissiveness from the PID-5 measure and the alternative model of personality disorders. (PsycINFO
48. Precursors of the emotional cascade model of borderline personality disorder: The role of neuroticism, childhood emotional
vulnerability, and parental invalidation
Authors DeShong, Hilary L.; Grant, DeMond M.; Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N.
PubMedID 30896201
Database PsycINFO
Abstract The emotional cascade model proposes that the emotional instability and engagement in maladaptive behaviors
within borderline personality disorder (BPD) may be linked to rumination. Previous research has established
that BPD is highly related to neuroticism, childhood emotional vulnerability, and parental invalidation.
Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to assess whether the constructs of the emotional cascade
model relate to other constructs within the BPD nomological network. More specifically, neuroticism,
childhood emotional vulnerability, and parental invalidation should relate to the ruminative process and
engagement in maladaptive behaviors as described by the emotional cascade model. The current study
investigated the relation between these factors using a cross-lagged panel design with data collected online at 3
time points in a student sample and an Amazon Mechanical Turk sample. Neuroticism predicted rumination 1
month later across both samples and for 3 measures of rumination. Childhood emotional vulnerability and
parental invalidation predicted rumination 2 months later for 2 measures of rumination in the student sample
only. Future studies should continue to investigate the potential role of personality traits and BPD vulnerability
factors within the emotional cascade model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
49. Managing borderline personality disorder from a life course perspective: Clinical staging and health management
Authors Hutsebaut, Joost; Videler, Arjan C.; Verheul, Roel; Van Alphen, Sebastiaan P. J.
PubMedID 31144839
Database PsycINFO
Page 29 of 68
Abstract Personality disorders change phenomenologically throughout the life course, in interaction with biological,
psychological, and social events. In this article, we present a life course perspective on borderline personality
disorder (BPD), based on clinical staging (conditional stimulus [CS]) and health management (HM). CS is
presented as an alternative to the traditional categorical classification, providing improved opportunities to
assess the severity of borderline impairment throughout the life course. It is primarily proposed as a heuristic
strategy to guide design and selection of appropriate treatment according to the stage of disease progression.
In addition, we introduce the concept of HM in the field of BPD, to organize continuous and coordinated health
care management for patients with (emerging) BPD. HM redirects the exclusive focus on curative treatment of
late-stage disorders to the broad spectrum of preventive, curative, and care interventions necessary to respond
to the various needs in the different stages of BPD throughout the life course. Combining clinical staging and
HM could provide a more effective and efficient framework for organizing mental health care for BPD.
50. Optimizing borderline personality disorder treatment by incorporating significant others: A review and synthesis
Authors Fitzpatrick, Skye; Wagner, Anne C.; Monson, Candice M.
PubMedID 30714800
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a debilitating mental health condition that is highly associated with
distress in close relationships and in romantic and nonromantic (e.g., familial) significant others. Interventions
that efficiently improve BPD treatment outcomes are needed. Theory and research suggest that BPD may both
promote and be maintained by close relationship distress. Incorporating significant others into BPD treatments
may therefore present a novel and unique opportunity to maximize treatment outcomes. This work
systematically reviews the empirical support for interventions that incorporate significant others in BPD
treatment in addressing three potential treatment targets: (a) BPD pathology, (b) significant other distress, and
(c) close relationship distress. Three distinct categories of intervention that involve significant others into BPD
treatment are presented, and the interventions that fall within them are reviewed: (a) significant-other-assisted
interventions, (b) education- and family-facilitated engagement interventions, and (c) disorder-specific
interventions. Twelve articles outlining six treatments that vary in terms of potential treatment target, form of
intervention, and level of empirical support are discussed. Interventions that target BPD in the context of close
relationships, which are disorder-specific interventions, have amassed the most robust evidence base as an
efficacious approach for all three targets at once. We conclude our review with a synthesis of the extant
literature and offer future directions in terms of advancing theory to better understand and treat BPD.
51. Problems with the ICD-11 classification of personality disorder

Authors Watts, Jay
Source The Lancet Psychiatry; Jun 2019; vol. 6 (no. 6); p. 461-463
Publication Date Jun 2019
PubMedID 31122470
Database PsycINFO
Abstract The forthcoming International Classification of Disease, 11th revision (ICD-11), includes a reconceptualisation
of the categorisation of personality disorders with an explicitly expansionist objective. The ICD working group
assumes this is a positive step, yet the grounds for this assumption are unclear. Borderline has only been
included in ICD-11 because of relentless campaigning from lobbyists, starting with a letter from the European
Society for the Study of Personality Disorders in 2016, followed by campaigning from both the International
and the North American Societies for the Study of Personality Disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019
APA, all rights reserved)
52. Beyond the borderline

Authors Pearce, Steve; Dale, Oliver
Source The Lancet Psychiatry; May 2019; vol. 6 (no. 5); p. 371-372
Publication Date May 2019
Publication Type(s) Journal Peer Reviewed Journal Comment/Reply
PubMedID 31006429
Database PsycINFO
Available at The lancet. Psychiatry from Unpaywall
Page 30 of 68
Abstract The Lancet Psychiatry editorial, Beyond the Borderline (2019), calls for a new diagnostic description of
borderline personality disorder based on a feminist critique of the construct. The editorial refers to
presentations given at a workshop for a UK National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Policy
Research Unit project commissioned by National Health Service (NHS) England to examine the costs and
benefits of community based personality disorder service models. The editorial describes only one aspect of the
work presented that day. The label borderline personality disorder was considered, but the focus was on how to
improve the care of those who have been diagnosed with personality disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c)
2019 APA, all rights reserved)
53. Attachment styles, social behavior, and personality functioning in romantic relationships
Authors Beeney, Joseph E.; Stepp, Stephanie D.; Hallquist, Michael N.; Ringwald, Whitney R.; Wright, Aidan G. C.;
Lazarus, Sophie A.; Scott, Lori N.; Mattia, Alexis A.; Ayars, Hannah E.; Gebreselassie, Sabrina H.; Pilkonis, Paul A.
Source Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment; May 2019; vol. 10 (no. 3); p. 275-285
PubMedID 30714801
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Personality disorders (PDs) are commonly associated with romantic relationship disturbance. However,
research has seldom evaluated who people with high PD severity partner with, and what explains the link
between PD severity and romantic relationship disturbance. First, we examined the degree to which people
match with partners with similar levels of personality and interpersonal problems. Second, we evaluated
whether the relationship between PD severity and romantic relationship satisfaction would be explained by
attachment styles and demand/withdraw behavior. Couples selected for high PD severity (n = 130; 260
participants) engaged in a conflict task, were assessed for PDs and attachment using semi-structured
interviews, and self-reported their relationship satisfaction. Dyad members were not similar in terms of PD
severity but evidenced a small degree of similarity on specific attachment styles and were moderately similar on
attachment insecurity and interpersonal problems. PD severity also moderated the degree to which one
person’s attachment anxiety was associated with their partner’s attachment avoidance. In addition, using a
dyadic analytic approach, we found attachment anxiety and actor and partner withdrawal explained some of
the relationship between PD severity and relationship satisfaction. Our results indicate people often have
romantic partners with similar levels of attachment disturbance and interpersonal problems and that
attachment styles and related behavior explains some of the association between PD severity and relationship
satisfaction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
54. Difficulties regulating emotions mediates the associations of parental psychological control and emotion invalidation with
borderline personality features
Authors Hope, Nora H.; Chapman, Alexander L.
PubMedID 30520650
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Extant research has supported a connection between socialization in childhood and difficulties regulating
emotions. The biosocial theory of borderline personality disorder (BPD; Crowell, Beauchaine, & Linehan, 2009;
Linehan, 1993) suggests that emotion dysregulation is a core mechanism underlying the extreme behaviors,
mood instability, identity disturbance, and relationship instability observed in BPD. The present study
investigated the impact of socialization factors related to emotions, parental autonomy support, parental
psychological control, and childhood trauma on BPD features in a nonclinical young adult sample (N = 357).
Relationships between socialization factors and BPD features were evaluated using structural equation
modeling, to test integrative hypotheses informed by biosocial theory and self-determination theory. We found
that recalled experiences of childhood trauma, emotional magnification of negative emotions, neglect of
negative emotions, and parental psychological control were positively associated with BPD features.
Difficulties regulating emotions mediated the relationships of childhood emotion socialization factors and
psychological control with BPD features. Implications for future research, resiliency, and intervention are
discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
55. A parallel process latent growth model of narcissistic personality disorder symptoms and normal personality traits
Page 31 of 68
Authors Dowgwillo, Emily A.; Pincus, Aaron L.; Lenzenweger, Mark F.

PubMedID 30556721
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Although evidence from a number of longitudinal studies indicates a marked change in narcissistic personality
disorder (NPD) symptoms over time, few studies have examined other psychological systems that may be
related to this change. The current study uses data from the Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders to
examine how change in NPD symptoms is related to change in normal personality trait trajectories using
parallel process growth curve modeling. A total of 250 students provided information on their personality traits
and NPD symptoms on 3 occasions over the course of 4 years. Results suggest that cross-sectionally, NPD
symptoms are positively correlated with dominance, neuroticism, and openness. Longitudinally, however, NPD
symptoms decrease in parallel with increases in conscientiousness and decreases in neuroticism. Importantly,
these longitudinal relationships are not a simple replication of the cross-sectional relationships between these
2 systems. Rather, this pattern of change is consistent with trait profiles suggesting maturation in young adults
and has implications for the temporal stability of NPD as a construct and the theoretical relationship between
normal personality traits and personality disorder more generally. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA,
all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
56. Examining criterion a: DSM–5 level of personality functioning as assessed through life story interviews
Authors Cruitt, Patrick J.; Boudreaux, Michael J.; King, Hannah R.; Oltmanns, Joshua R.; Oltmanns, Thomas F.
PubMedID 30556720
Database PsycINFO
Abstract The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition alternative model for personality
disorders offers a two-part definition of personality pathology, separating personality functioning from traits.
The Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS) from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fifth Edition alternative model for personality disorders encapsulates the personality functioning
criterion, and several methods have been used to assess it. Previous interview rating methods have overlapped
with an assessment of personality traits and symptoms, biasing the assessment of functioning, and recently
developed self-report instruments rely on the participant’s awareness of their personality pathology. The
purpose of the current analyses was to examine the reliability and validity of LPFS ratings based on open-ended,
nondiagnostic interviews. The sample consisted of 162 community-dwelling, older adult participants from the
St. Louis Personality and Aging Network. Undergraduate students rated video recordings of Life Story
Interviews, using a 12-item version of the LPFS. One-way random, average measures intraclass correlation
coefficient for the total LPFS was .80. A principal components analysis indicated that a single underlying
dimension could characterize the LPFS. Component scores derived from this analysis demonstrated
theoretically consistent associations with both normal-range and maladaptive personality traits. The
component scores also contributed small but significant variance to the prediction of personality disorder
symptoms, health, and functional outcomes over and above personality traits. These findings support the
reliability and validity of the LPFS as assessed using Life Story Interviews and suggest that personality
functioning ratings may have utility in predicting clinically relevant outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c)
57. The trait-type dialectic: Opportunities, challenges, and constructive dialogue

Authors Bornstein, Robert F.
Database PsycINFO
Page 32 of 68
Abstract In their incisive and engaging commentaries Drs. Lilienfeld and Widiger make a number of cogent points
regarding how personality pathology should be conceptualized and assessed, both arguing strongly that
dimensional models are superior to categorical personality disorder frameworks. In this response, I describe
areas of convergence and divergence between my perspective and those of my colleagues and argue
that—current ascendance of dimensional models notwithstanding—the trait-type dialectic will continue into
the future as empirical evidence and clinical experience illuminate previously unrecognized strengths and
limitations of each approach. To foster productive collaboration and constructive dialogue, I offer suggestions
regarding studies that allow for rigorous comparison of the construct validity and clinical utility of categorical
and dimensional perspectives on personality pathology, in the laboratory and in vivo. (PsycINFO Database
58. Considering the research: Commentary on "The trait–type dialectic: Construct validity, clinical utility, and the diagnostic
process"
Authors Widiger, Thomas A.
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Comments on an article by Bornstein (see record 2018-27549-001). Dr. Bornstein represents well the
perspective of a prominent faction within the personality disorder field with regard to the dimensional–
categorical debate, but Widiger would respectfully suggest that this perspective may not represent sufficiently
well the relevant empirical research. As Dr. Bornstein acknowledges, "In recent years the dimensional approach
has been in ascendance" (Bornstein, 2019, p. 199), perhaps precisely because the evidence has been strongly in
its favor. In sum, Widiger would suggest that the dimensional trait models do translate naturally into diagnoses
(when desired or needed), are easily communicated to other healthcare professionals, and will account well for
the intra- and interpersonal dynamics. Scales to assess some of these dynamics have already been constructed.
Widiger agrees that the trait and dynamic clinicians should work more collaboratively. (PsycINFO Database
59. Reflections on clinical judgment and the dimensional–categorical distinction in the study of personality disorders: Comment
on Bornstein (2019)
Authors Lilienfeld, Scott O.
Database PsycINFO
Abstract In his stimulating commentary, Bornstein (2018) correctly observes that dimensional and categorical
approaches have long competed for scientific legitimacy in theory and research on personality disorders. I
argue, however, that Bornstein (a) overstates the similarities of these 2 approaches in their implications and (b)
risks conflating ontological (the state of the world) with epistemic (how we think about the state of the world)
considerations by implying that clinicians’ thinking processes should shape how we conceptualize and
operationalize personality disorders. Complementing Bornstein’s arguments, I contend that some
commonplace errors in clinical reasoning may stem from the misapplication of analytic as well as intuitive
thinking processes, and that debiasing efforts may need to be supplemented by the implementation of forcing
functions in routine clinical practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source:
journal abstract)
60. The trait–type dialectic: Construct validity, clinical utility, and the diagnostic process
Authors Bornstein, Robert F.
PubMedID 29927299
Database PsycINFO
Page 33 of 68
Abstract The current debate regarding how best to conceptualize, operationalize, and assess personality pathology is
often framed as a choice between categorical ("type") and dimensional ("trait") models, but when viewed from
the perspective of the diagnostician, these two approaches actually have much in common. It is not possible to
assign symptom ratings in any categorical personality disorder framework without first evaluating the severity
of each symptom on a continuum, nor to implement dimensional personality disorder assessments in clinical
settings without using thresholds that demarcate the presence of personality pathology, or severity of
personality dysfunction. Although recent discussions of these two frameworks have focused primarily on issues
regarding construct validity (and to a lesser extent, clinical utility), it is important to consider the impact of the
diagnostic process as well. When considered within this broader context, the advantages and limitations of each
perspective are illuminated, and it becomes clear that the categorical and dimensional frameworks represent an
evolving dialectic that will continue into the future, as new and better models alter the focus of these debates.
61. "Subtyping insomnia disorder": Authors' reply

Authors Blanken, Tessa F.; van Someren, Eus J. W.
Source The Lancet Psychiatry; Apr 2019; vol. 6 (no. 4); p. 285-286
Publication Date Apr 2019
PubMedID 30904121
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Reply by the current authors to the comments made by Luigi Ferini-Strambi et al. (see record 2019-17616-010)
and Hirofumi Hirakawa (see record 2019-17616-011) on the original article (see record 2019-01320-001). The
authors are grateful for the opportunity to clarify the new insomnia subtypes. Luigi Ferini-Strambi and
colleagues invite us to address common method bias. Bias by online assessment, if any, cannot underlie
differences among subtypes and controls because the bias applies to all equally. Whether participants would be
similarly grouped together if subtypes were sought in objective sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) features,
rather than in subjectively reported traits, is a different question. The authors do not propose our subtyping
method as a replacement for sleep EEG recordings aimed at revealing other pathological sleep conditions.
Polysomnography can be essential for the diagnosis of comorbid sleep conditions, which are equally likely
across subtypes. EEG, however, reflects only a small part of the rich repertoire of neuronal activity in the brain.
Contents of consciousness remain hidden. People can ruminate while brain waves suggest sound sleep.
Genome-wide association studies suggest key involvement of the axonal part of neurons and of specific cell
types in subcortical areas in insomnia, which do not necessarily leave any trace in sleep EEG. (PsycINFO
Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
62. Subtyping insomnia disorder

Authors Hirakawa, Hirofumi
Source The Lancet Psychiatry; Apr 2019; vol. 6 (no. 4); p. 284-285
PubMedID 30904119
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Comments on an article by Tessa F. Blanken et al. (see record 2019-01320-001). The authors identified five
novel insomnia disorder subtypes that were differentiated by biologically based traits and life history. In their
study, participants with subtype 1 insomnia (highly distressed) showed the highest risk of lifetime depression
(88/162 [54·3%]), anxiety (60/162 [37·0%]), and bipolar disorder (8/162 [4·9%]). The findings of Blanken and
colleagues would be consistent with some of the participants with subtype 1 insomnia having bipolar disorder,
but the questionnaires the authors used for classification did not include items that could ascertain this. The
authors considered that nearly half of the participants classified with subtype 1 insomnia might have an
unknown resilient factor to depression; however, the author thought some of the participants had bipolarity
and might develop depression intrinsically. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
63. Subtyping insomnia disorder

Authors Ferini-Strambi, Luigi; Fossati, Andrea; Sforza, Marco; Galbiati, Andrea
Source The Lancet Psychiatry; Apr 2019; vol. 6 (no. 4); p. 284
PubMedID 30904120
Database PsycINFO
Page 34 of 68
Abstract Comments on an article by Tessa F. Blanken et al. (see record 2019-01320-001). The authors aimed to identify
subtypes of insomnia by means of data-driven analyses on the basis of several biologically based traits. This
study is highly relevant since the conception of insomnia as a heterogeneous disease is gaining more and more
credit, and might represent a cornerstone by promoting discoveries of new mechanisms and different
treatments. The web-based automatic scoring system created by Blanken and colleagues seems to be too
complex for use in clinical practice. However, a new subtyping approach based on different methods might add a
new page to the history of the insomnia nosology, following the path indicated by the authors with the use of
data driven analysis on large populations. The next challenge will be to establish when an integration with an
objective evaluation of the sleep profile should be considered to identify patients with insomnia who are at
high-risk for severe medical consequences, and the best therapeutic interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record
(c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
64. Guanfacine augmentation of a combined intervention of computerized cognitive remediation therapy and social skills
training for schizotypal personality disorder
Authors McClure, Margaret M.; Graff, Fiona; Triebwasser, Joseph; Perez-Rodriguez, Mercedes; Rosell, Daniel R.;
Koenigsberg, Harold; Hazlett, Erin A.; Siever, Larry J.; Harvey, Philip D.; New, Antonia S.
Source The American Journal of Psychiatry; Apr 2019; vol. 176 (no. 4); p. 307-314
PubMedID 30654644
Database PsycINFO
Available at The American journal of psychiatry from Unpaywall
Abstract Objective: Impaired cognition is a hallmark of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, including schizotypal
personality disorder, and it is the best predictor of functional outcome. Cognitive remediation therapy has
demonstrated efficacy for improving cognition, augmenting other rehabilitation efforts in schizophrenia, and
effecting gains in real-world functioning. Pharmacological augmentation of cognitive remediation has been
attempted, but the effects of augmentation on combined therapies, such as cognitive remediation and social
skills training, have not been studied. Methods: Twenty-eight participants with schizotypal personality disorder
enrolled in an 8-week, randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial of guanfacine plus cognitive
remediation and social skills training (15 guanfacine, 13 placebo). Cognition was assessed with the MATRICS
(Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia) Consensus Cognitive Battery
(MCCB), social cognition with the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC), and functional
capacity with the University of California San Diego Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA). Results: A
statistically significant pre- versus posttreatment effect was observed for MCCB speed of processing, verbal
learning, and visual learning and UPSA total score. A significant time-by-medication (guanfacine, placebo)
interaction was observed for MCCB reasoning and problem solving and UPSA total score; the time-by-
treatment interaction approached significance for MASC hypomentalizing errors. Conclusions: Both guanfacine
and cognitive remediation plus social skills training were well tolerated, with no side effects or dropouts.
Participants treated with cognitive remediation, social skills training, and guanfacine demonstrated statistically
significant improvements in reasoning and problem solving, as well as in functional capacity and possibly social
cognition, compared with those treated with cognitive remediation, social skills training, and placebo. Cognitive
remediation plus social skills training may be an appropriate intervention for individuals with schizotypal
personality disorder, and guanfacine appears to be a promising pharmaceutical augmentation to this
psychosocial intervention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal
abstract)
65. All tears are crocodile tears: Impaired perception of emotion authenticity in psychopathic traits
Authors Dawel, Amy; Wright, Luke; Dumbleton, Rachael; McKone, Elinor
Source Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment; Mar 2019; vol. 10 (no. 2); p. 185-197
Publication Date Mar 2019
PubMedID 30010374
Database PsycINFO
Page 35 of 68
Abstract In everyday life, other peoples’ distress is sometimes genuine (e.g., real sadness) and sometimes pretended (e.g.,
feigned sadness aimed at manipulating others). Here, we present the first study of how psychopathic traits
affect responses to genuine versus posed distress. Using facial expression stimuli and testing individual
differences across the general population ( N = 140), we focus on the affective features of psychopathy (e.g.,
callousness, poor empathy, shallow affect). Results show that although individuals low on affective psychopathy
report greater arousal and intent to help toward faces displaying genuine relative to posed distress, these
differences weakened or disappeared with higher levels of affective psychopathy. Strikingly, a key theoretical
prediction—that arousal should mediate the association between affective psychopathy and intent to
help—was supported only for genuine distress and not for posed distress. A further novel finding was of
reduced ability to discriminate the authenticity of distress expressions with higher affective psychopathy,
which, in addition to and independently of arousal, also mediated the association between affective
psychopathy and reduced prosociality. All effects were specific to distress emotions (did not extend to
happiness, anger, or disgust), and to affective psychopathy (did not extend to Factor 2 psychopathy,
disinhibition, or boldness). Overall, our findings are highly consistent with Blair’s theorizing that atypical
processing of distress emotions plays a key etiological role in the affective aspects of psychopathy. We go
beyond these ideas to add novel evidence that unwillingness to help others is also associated with a failure to
fully appreciate the authenticity of their distress. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
66. Disinhibited attachment behavior among infants of mothers with borderline personality disorder, depression, and no
diagnosis
Authors Lyons-Ruth, Karlen; Riley, Caitlin; Patrick, Matthew P. H.; Hobson, R. Peter
PubMedID 30628799
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Disinhibited attachment behavior is related to early institutional rearing and to later social maladaptation. It is
also seen among infants reared at home whose mothers have histories of child maltreatment or psychiatric
hospitalization. However, little is known about the maternal psychiatric diagnoses that might be associated with
disinhibited behavior or the mechanisms through which maternal diagnosis might influence infant behavior. In
the current study (N = 59), 2 maternal diagnoses, borderline personality disorder (BPD; n = 13) and depression
(n = 15), were compared with a no diagnosis group (n = 31) on extent of infant disinhibited behavior.
Disinhibited infant behavior was assessed at infant age of 12–18 months using the validated Rating of
Infant–Stranger Engagement. Mother–infant interaction was coded using the Atypical Maternal Behavior
Instrument for Assessment and Classification. Results indicated that infants of mothers with BPD were
significantly more likely to be rated as disinhibited in their behavior toward the stranger compared with infants
of mothers with depression and with no diagnosis. Disinhibited behavior was further related to the quality of
mother–infant interaction, and maternal frightened/disoriented interaction partially mediated the effect of
maternal BPD on infant disinhibited behavior. Disinhibited behavior among previously institutionally reared
infants is relatively resistant to intervention after toddlerhood and is associated with maladaptation into
adolescence. Therefore, high priority should be placed on understanding the developmental trajectories of
home-reared infants with disinhibited behavior and on providing early assessment and early parenting support
to mothers with BPD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
67. Pierced identities: Body modification, borderline personality features, identity, and self-concept disturbances
Authors Vizgaitis, Alexandra L.; Lenzenweger, Mark F.
PubMedID 30113185
Database PsycINFO
Page 36 of 68
Abstract Little is known about the connection between body modification and borderline personality disorder (BPD).
This study investigated the relation between a wide range of body modification practices (piercing, tattooing,
scarification, pubic hair removal, and cosmetic surgery) and BPD features, with a special focus on identity and
identity dysfunction, in an adult community sample ( N = 330). Results indicated BPD features were positively
correlated with total number of body modifications and breadth of body modification practices endorsed, as
well as, specifically, increased piercings, tattoos, and scarifications. Furthermore, identity problems (i.e., identity
diffusion and low self-concept clarity) were associated with body modifications. Implications of these findings
are discussed, including their heuristic value in understanding body modification in light of its connection to
BPD (and particularly identity/self-concept functions). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights
68. Momentary assessment of everyday physical pain in outpatients with borderline personality disorder
Authors Carpenter, Ryan W.; Tragesser, Sarah L.; Lane, Sean P.; Trull, Timothy J.
PubMedID 30024195
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe psychiatric disorder associated with dysregulation in multiple
domains of functioning. Physical health, and specifically pain, is one such domain that has gone understudied.
Although evidence suggests that BPD is associated with chronic pain, few studies have examined nonchronic
pain in the disorder. The current study used ambulatory assessment to examine momentary physical pain in
everyday life in BPD outpatients ( N = 26) and community comparisons (COM; N = 26) not in treatment for
chronic pain ( N observations = 5,458). We predicted and observed that BPD outpatients would report greater
pain intensity and greater pain variability than COM comparisons. We also examined the relationship of pain
and emotion dysregulation, a core feature of BPD, by testing the association between pain and negative affect
concurrently and lagged over time. We predicted that momentary pain and negative affect would be associated
in both groups, but that pain would predict negative affect more strongly in the BPD group. As predicted,
concurrent pain and negative affect were associated in both groups, and groups differed significantly in terms
of the association of lagged pain and next-assessment negative affect, with a negative association in the COM
group. The current study represents a preliminary first step, finding that pain is relevant to the everyday
experience of BPD individuals. This pain propensity may contribute to the elevated prevalence of BPD in
chronic pain samples. Further, BPD individuals demonstrated emotional reactivity to pain, suggesting that pain
may be a contributor to emotion dysregulation in this disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all
69. Dating violence victimization and borderline personality pathology: Temporal associations from late adolescence to early
adulthood
Authors Vanwoerden, Salome; Leavitt, Jacob; Gallagher, Matthew W.; Temple, Jeff R.; Sharp, Carla
Database PsycINFO
Page 37 of 68
Abstract Borderline personality pathology is a serious mental illness characterized by pervasive interpersonal deficits
that onset during adolescence. Risk factors for borderline personality pathology include maladaptive
interpersonal dynamics within attachment relationships. Given the shift toward emphasizing romantic
relationships during adolescence as an important attachment relationship with implications for healthy
development, the current study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal and reciprocal relations between
victimization in dating relationships and borderline pathology in the transition from late adolescence to early
adulthood. A large sample of high school daters (N = 818; 58% female; Mage = 16.10 years, SDage = .78) were
recruited to complete annual assessments of borderline personality features and dating violence victimization
across 5 years. Results of a cross-lagged panel model revealed that primarily among girls, borderline features
predicted increased levels of relational, psychological, and physical violence, whereas psychological and sexual
violence predicted greater borderline features. The current findings provide the first evidence of a longitudinal
association between victimization and borderline pathology in adolescence and suggest, particularly among
girls, that interventions for borderline features have important implications for reducing dating violence
victimization among adolescents and young adults. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights
70. Personality disorder traits: Testing insight regarding presence of traits, impairment, and desire for change
Authors Sleep, Chelsea E.; Lamkin, Joanna; Lynam, Donald R.; Campbell, W. Keith; Miller, Joshua D.
PubMedID 30024194
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Mixed findings exist as to whether personality pathology involves a critical lack of awareness and insight.
Research questions about insight and awareness in personality pathology are typically assessed via comparing
self- and informant reports of traits. However, recent studies have measured insight by asking individuals to
evaluate additional questions about impairment and desire to change. The present study uses a variety of
approaches to examine these issues, including investigations of convergence between self- and informant
reports ( N = 197 dyads; correlations and comparisons of means) of personality psychopathology, desired trait
levels, and perceptions of impairment. Convergence was observed between levels of self- and informant-
reported traits, desired traits, and impairment. However, individuals rated themselves higher on pathological
trait levels and impairment than did their informants. Furthermore, individuals with relatively higher
pathological traits desired higher levels of these traits (but lower than their actual scores) than individuals with
lower scores; on the actual measurement scale, however, these higher scorers rated their desired level below
the neutral point. Overall, individuals with pathological personality traits possess a reasonable degree of insight
into their actual trait levels and associated impairment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights
71. Measurement invariance of the DSM–5 Section III pathological personality trait model across sex
Authors Suzuki, Takakuni; South, Susan C.; Samuel, Douglas B.; Wright, Aidan G. C.; Yalch, Matthew M.; Hopwood,
Christopher J.; Thomas, Katherine M.
PubMedID 29952589
Database PsycINFO
Page 38 of 68
Abstract The dimensional pathological personality trait model proposed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for
Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM–5), Section III Criterion B, has shown promising results for its validity and
utility in conceptualizing personality pathology. However, as its structural equivalence across sex is yet to be
tested, the validity for the model across males and females remains uncertain. In the present article, we
examined sex measurement invariance of the DSM–5 trait model in a large undergraduate sample using the
Personality Inventory for DSM–5. A series of confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses suggested that,
although the exact facet–domain relationships as specified in the DSM–5 were not observed, the facets
generally organize into a model with five latent factors similar to those listed in the DSM–5 Section III Criterion
B. Further, these five factors were fully measurement invariant across sex at the configural, metric, and scalar
levels. Examination of the latent trait mean levels suggests that females tend to have higher scores on latent
Negative Affectivity, whereas males tend to have higher scores on latent Antagonism, Detachment,
Psychoticism, and Disinhibition. These results indicate that the DSM–5 Section III pathological personality trait
model is fully structurally equivalent across sex, a property that is lacking in the traditional categorical model in
Section II. This further validates the use of the dimensional DSM–5 trait model for personality disorder
assessment and conceptualization in both research and clinical settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019
APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
72. Validity and clinical utility of DSM and empirically derived prototype diagnosis for personality disorders in predicting
adaptive functioning
Authors Nakash, Ora; Nagar, Maayan; Westen, Drew
PubMedID 29927300
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Prototype matching, which involves comparing a patient clinical presentation with a prototype description of
the disorder addresses some of the clinical limitations of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases symptom-count approach. Here, we investigated
the validity and clinical utility of three diagnostic systems in predicting patient adaptive functioning using a
multimethod multi-informant approach. Specifically, we compared a prototype matching approach based on
DSM criteria, an empirically derived prototype matching approach, and DSM symptom count diagnostic
systems. A convenience sample of clinicians ( N = 80) and patients (N = 170) participated in the study. We
imposed minimal exclusion criteria for patient participation to maximize generalizability. Clinicians completed
assessment of their active patients using two prototype matching diagnoses, one based on DSM and another
that was empirically derived. Independent interviewers completed the Structured Clinical Interview to provide
DSM symptom count. Patient global composite assessment of adaptive functioning, rated across the clinician,
patient self-report, and independent interviewer, served as outcome variable. Prototype diagnosis for
personality disorders, both one that is based on DSM criteria and one that was empirically derived,
demonstrates some incremental validity over and above the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fourth Edition symptom count, in predicting patient’s adaptive functioning. Specifically, avoidant
personality disorder prototype diagnosis significantly contributed to prediction of adaptive functioning.
Furthermore, clinicians rated the prototype-matching approach as more useful in clinical practice compared
with the current DSM–IV categorical approach. Using a dimensional approach, which is based on prototype
matching that also preserves the advantages of categorical system offers a valid and efficient approach to
psychiatric assessment for personality disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
73. Meta-analysis to derive an empirically based set of personality facet criteria for the alternative DSM-5 model for
personality disorders
Authors Watters, Carolyn A.; Bagby, R. Michael; Sellbom, Martin
PubMedID 30520649
Database PsycINFO
Page 39 of 68
Abstract The alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD) is outlined in Section III of the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. This model includes 25 dimensional trait facets that are
used as criteria for six personality disorders in addition to impairment in functioning. Numerous previous
studies have examined the degree to which the proposed trait facets converge with the Section II personality
disorders (PDs) they are meant to capture, but the results from these various studies have been inconsistent.
The current investigation sought to provide a meta-analysis of published and unpublished data, and in
particular, to develop empirically derived trait criterion profiles for each of the six AMPD PDs. A total of 25
independent data sets utilizing diverse samples and methods that included measurement of AMPD traits and at
least one Section II PD derived from both published and unpublished work were considered for this review. The
findings indicated general support for the traits proposed for each of the six PDs within the AMPD, with
obsessive-compulsive PD the notable exception. The discriminant validity, however, was questionable for
several of the PDs; several nonproposed traits also correlated with the Section II PD counterparts at moderate
to large degrees. Intraclass correlations used to model the agreement across the empirically derived trait
profiles for each of the six PDs, however, revealed that most of the disorders were relatively distinct from one
another. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
74. "An opportunity to report closer-to-efficacy findings in a study of lamotrigine for borderline personality disorder":
Correction
Authors Smith, Eric G.
Source The American Journal of Psychiatry; Jan 2019; vol. 176 (no. 1); p. 81
Publication Type(s) Journal Peer Reviewed Journal Erratum/Correction
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Reports an error in "An opportunity to report closer-to-efficacy findings in a study of lamotrigine for borderline
personality disorder" by Eric G. Smith ( The American Journal of Psychiatry, 2018[Dec][1], Vol 175[12], 1265).
In the original article, the beginning of the second sentence of the last paragraph should have read "However, as
the authors point out, currently there is not a single medication with a Food and Drug Administration indication
for treating borderline personality disorder[.]" The corrected letter was reposted on December 17, 2018. (The
following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2019-03859-014). Comments on an article by M. J.
Crawford et al. (see record 2019-03971-007). Crawford et al. are to be commended for their important,
logically designed, and ambitiously large randomized trial examining lamotrigine for borderline personality
disorder. E. G. Smith states that the unprecedented size of the LABILE study and the foresight incorporated in
its design provide a unique opportunity to address an important question: Would different findings result from
reconstituting several more traditional, 12-week "efficacy-like" trials or trials post hoc from the LABILE
(Lamotrigine and Borderline Personality Disorder: Investigating Long-Term Effects) study population? Smith
asks the authors toe provide the 12-week findings for the primary outcome measure (score on the Zanarini
Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder) and deliberate self-harm for the three subgroups of their trial
population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
75. Illuminating ipsative change in personality disorder and normal personality: A multimethod examination from a prospective
longitudinal perspective
Authors Woods, William C.; Edershile, Elizabeth A.; Wright, Aidan G. C.; Lenzenweger, Mark F.
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Research suggests that both personality disorder (PD) and normal personality change as systems of variables
(e.g., the general factor of PD), rather than as individual variables (e.g., neuroticism). Consequently,
understanding PD and normal personality as multidimensional systems may yield additional insights over
traditional single-variable approaches. Normal personality change has been attributed to increase across
adaptive traits (i.e., the maturity principle), suggesting that shifts in the overall magnitude of construct
expression plays a role in systemic change. We examined the extent to which total ipsative, system-level change
was accounted for by shifts in the overall level of constructs (i.e., severity/maturity) as well as shifts in the
configuration of PD and normal personality (i.e., style) across self-report and structured interview. Results
demonstrated that overall change in PD and normal personality measured via self-report reflected both stylistic
and severity change, whereas structured interview of PD primarily reflected shifts in profile severity.
Page 40 of 68
76. A randomized controlled trial of a mentalization-based intervention (MBT-FACTS) for families of people with borderline
personality disorder
Authors Bateman, Anthony; Fonagy, Peter
Database PsycINFO
Available at Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment from Unpaywall
Abstract This article reports a delayed-treatment randomized controlled trial of a mentalization-based intervention for
families or significant others living with or supporting a person with borderline personality disorder (BPD). In
all, 56 family members/significant others living with/supporting people with a diagnosis of BPD were
randomized either to immediate mentalization-based Families and Carers Training and Support, a supportive
and skills-based program consisting of five 1.5- to 2-hr evening meetings, delivered by trained family members,
or to delayed intervention. The primary outcome was adverse incidents reported by the family member in
relation to the person with BPD. Secondary outcomes included self-reported family well-being, empowerment,
burden, and levels of anxiety and depression. Family members randomized to immediate intervention showed a
significant reduction in reported adverse incidents between themselves and the identified patient in the second
phase of treatment compared with those randomized to delayed intervention. Analysis of the rate of change
indicated a significantly steeper decline for the immediate-treatment group compared with the delayed-
intervention group (β = −1.07, 95% confidence interval [−1.40, −0.74], z = −6.3, p < .000). Secondary outcome
measures showed family functioning and well-being improved more in the immediate-treatment group;
changes were maintained at follow-up. There were no differences in depression, total anxiety, and total burden;
both groups showed improvement on all these measures. Findings show that the mentalization-based Families
and Carers Training and Support program delivered by families to families supporting a person with BPD
reduces reported adverse incidents within the family. Further studies are needed to show whether this
reduction improves outcomes for the individual with BPD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights
77. An opportunity to report closer-to-efficacy findings in a study of lamotrigine for borderline personality disorder
Authors Smith, Eric G.
Source The American Journal of Psychiatry; Dec 2018; vol. 175 (no. 12); p. 1265
PubMedID 30501419
Database PsycINFO
Abstract [Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 176(1) of The American Journal of
Psychiatry (see record 2019-04568-016). In the original article, the beginning of the second sentence of the last
paragraph should have read "However, as the authors point out, currently there is not a single medication with a
Food and Drug Administration indication for treating borderline personality disorder[.]" The corrected letter
was reposted on December 17, 2018.] Comments on an article by M. J. Crawford et al. (see record
2019-03971-007). Crawford et al. are to be commended for their important, logically designed, and ambitiously
large randomized trial examining lamotrigine for borderline personality disorder. E. G. Smith states that the
unprecedented size of the LABILE study and the foresight incorporated in its design provide a unique
opportunity to address an important question: Would different findings result from reconstituting several more
traditional, 12-week "efficacy-like" trials or trials post hoc from the LABILE (Lamotrigine and Borderline
Personality Disorder: Investigating Long-Term Effects) study population? Smith asks the authors toe provide
the 12-week findings for the primary outcome measure (score on the Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline
Personality Disorder) and deliberate self-harm for the three subgroups of their trial population. (PsycINFO
78. No effect of lamotrigine in subgroups of patients with borderline personality disorder: Response to Smith
Authors Crawford, Mike J.; Sanatinia, Rahil; Tan, Wei
Source The American Journal of Psychiatry; Dec 2018; vol. 175 (no. 12); p. 1265-1266
PubMedID 30501417
Database PsycINFO
Page 41 of 68
Abstract Reply to the comments made by E. G. Smith (see record 2019-03859-014) on the original article by M. J.
Crawford et al. (see record 2019-03971-007) about the LABILE (Lamotrigine and Borderline Personality
Disorder: Investigating Long-Term Effects) study. As requested by Smith, Crwaford et al. have examined mean
scores on the Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder at 12 weeks in subsamples of people
who were adherent with medication during this period, those without coexisting substance misuse, and those
who had a recent history of deliberate self-harm. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
79. A transgender woman with intellectual disability and borderline personality disorder
Authors Newman, William J.; Barnhorst, Amy V.; Landess, Jacqueline S.
Source The American Journal of Psychiatry; Nov 2018; vol. 175 (no. 11); p. 1061-1063
PubMedID 30380931
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Presents the case of a 23-year-old transgender woman that highlights the challenges and complexities in the
formulation, treatment, and provision of services for individuals with combinations of intellectual development,
mental health, and sexual and gender identity needs. Currently, there are growing resources for sexual and
gender minorities, but these systems often do not routinely have collaborative treatment services for
management of shared clients. Systems are more often prepared to deal with only one problem at a time. There
are likely many people with gender dysphoria, intellectual disability, and mental health issues who will need
transitional services as it becomes safer for them to publicly transition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019
APA, all rights reserved)
80. Emotional responses to receiving peer feedback on opinions in borderline personality disorder
Authors Jeung, Haang; Walther, Stephan; Korn, Christoph W.; Bertsch, Katja; Herpertz, Sabine C.
PubMedID 29927294
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Although emotional reactivity to social rejection has been examined in patients with borderline personality
disorder (BPD) in several studies, the effects of other aspects of social feedback, such as evaluation of one’s
opinions that concern self-esteem, have not been addressed yet. The objective of this study was to examine
emotional responses of BPD patients after exchanging personal opinions in a new, ecologically valid virtual peer
interaction paradigm ("chatroom paradigm"). In this paradigm, 21 BPD patients and 21 healthy controls
received peer feedback on their own statements and rated the intensity of their own emotional responses
(happiness, sadness, anger, and shame) and the self or other affirmation in response to agreement,
disagreement, and neutral statements. Across all social feedback conditions, BPD patients reported more
intense negative emotions and less happiness than healthy controls. While healthy controls showed a
"positivity bias" for any type of social feedback, the emotional responses of BPD patients’ corresponded to the
valence of the feedback; that is, they were happiest after positive than after neutral feedback and least happy
after negative feedback. Disagreement resulted in more intense anger and less other affirmation in both groups
but only BPD patients also experienced higher shame in this condition. This is the first study to assess emotional
responses to social feedback in an ecologically valid chatroom paradigm. Our findings underline that more
negative emotional reactions in everyday interactions play a central part in interpersonal difficulties of patients
with BPD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
81. The role of emotion regulation difficulties in the connection between childhood emotional abuse and borderline personality
features
Authors Rosenstein, Lia K.; Ellison, William D.; Walsh, Emily; Chelminski, Iwona; Dalrymple, Kristy; Zimmerman, Mark
PubMedID 30091618
Database PsycINFO
Page 42 of 68
Abstract In the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services project,
we examined the role of emotion dysregulation as a mediator between childhood abuse and borderline
personality disorder (BPD) feature severity among a sample of 964 adults presenting for treatment at an
outpatient clinic. A structural equation model suggested that emotional abuse relates to BPD features both
directly and through difficulties with emotion regulation, whereas physical abuse showed only a weak indirect
relation with BPD features. There was no link between sexual abuse and BPD feature severity in the model.
Results add specificity to etiological theories of BPD and suggest that future research in treatment should focus
on developing and strengthening emotion regulation strategies in clinical populations with a history of
emotional abuse. Clinicians should be sure to assess the presence of childhood emotional abuse in addition to
sexual and physical abuse. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal
abstract)
82. Examining the alternative model for personality disorder in daily life: Evidence for incremental validity
Authors Roche, Michael J.
PubMedID 29927292
Database PsycINFO
Abstract The alternative model for personality disorders includes a single dimension of personality dysfunction severity
(Criterion A) and five dimensions of personality dysfunction styles (Criterion B). Some consider Criteria A and B
distinctions redundant, and this appears mostly true in cross-sectional designs. The present research
demonstrated that incremental validity can be found when examining personality dysfunction longitudinally.
Participants ( n = 175) completed a 14-day electronic diary, capturing daily levels of Criteria A and B, along with
daily outcomes of personality dysfunction across several domains. Criteria A and B incremented each other
across these domains. Moreover, Criterion B trait scores were associated with expected domains of functioning,
evidencing convergent and discriminant validity. We discuss the implications for the alternative model for
personality disorders, and the usefulness of longitudinal methods to uncover temporal dynamics in personality
dysfunction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
83. Initial development of pathological personality trait domain measures using the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI)
Authors Ruiz, Mark A.; Hopwood, Christopher J.; Edens, John F.; Morey, Leslie C.; Cox, Jennifer
PubMedID 29939046
Database PsycINFO
Abstract This study set out to create measures of the five personality disorder trait domains outlined in Section III of the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (American Psychiatric Association, 2013)
from the Personality Assessment Inventory items (Morey, 2007). Rasch rating scale model analyses and
classical test theory analyses were applied to existing data sets (N = 3,877; community, clinical, offender,
college) to identify relevant items. Five scales were created that had acceptable unidimensionality and
generally conformed to Rasch model expectations. The ability of the items to cover the underlying construct
and their differential item function by sex were acceptable, though a few of the proposed scales had
weaknesses in these areas. Internal consistency was acceptable for all scales and the factor structure was
generally consistent with expectations, but some scales had concerning cross-loadings. Preliminary analyses
demonstrated validity of the scales in relation to history of mental health treatment/current symptoms,
substance abuse, and, for one scale, violent rearrests. There were small-to-moderate associations with
noncorresponding traits, suggesting a degree of saturation with general personality impairment. The relevance
of the proposed scales for the assessment of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth
Edition personality disorder is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
84. Introduction of the DSM-5 levels of Personality Functioning Questionnaire

Authors Huprich, Steven K.; Nelson, Sharon M.; Meehan, Kevin B.; Siefert, Caleb J.; Haggerty, Gregory; Sexton, James;
Dauphin, V. Barry; Macaluso, Matthew; Jackson, Jennifer; Zackula, Rosey; Baade, Lyle
Page 43 of 68
PubMedID 29215901
Database PsycINFO
Abstract With the introduction in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) of a
hybrid system of personality disorder assessment, the ability to assess patients’ traits, as well as their level of
personality functioning, has become increasingly important. To assess this criterion, the DSM-5 Levels of
Personality Functioning Questionnaire (DLOPFQ) was developed. The DLOPFQ assesses individuals’ self-
impairments and other impairments in several domains (self-direction, identity, empathy, and intimacy) and
across 2 contexts (work/school and relationships). A sample of 140 psychiatric and medical outpatients was
administered the DLOPFQ and several other measures to assess its reliability and construct, incremental, and
discriminant validity. The internal consistency and convergence with validation measures yielded generally
meaningful and expected results. Several DLOPFQ scales and subscales were significantly correlated with
measures of DSM-5 trait domains and levels of personality functioning. DLOPFQ scales also correlated with
self-reported ratings of overdependence, detachment, healthy dependency, and overall mental health and well-
being. The DLOPFQ also predicted interpersonal and general functioning beyond DSM-5 trait domains. These
results support the reliability and validity of the DLOPFQ, which appears to be suitable for clinical use and
warrants ongoing study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal
abstract)
85. More is not always better: Strategies to regulate negative mood induction in women with borderline personality disorder
and depressive and anxiety disorders
Authors Daros, Alexander R.; Williams, Gregory E.; Jung, Stefan; Turabi, Mustafa; Uliaszek, Amanda A.; Ruocco, Anthony
C.
PubMedID 29999393
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) have difficulties regulating emotions, which may be a
consequence of using less effective emotion regulation (ER) strategies to lessen the intensity of their negative
emotions. It is not yet known whether people with BPD utilize particular ER strategies to modulate specific
mood states and if these strategies are different from those used by individuals with depressive and anxiety
disorders. In the present study, 90 participants (30 BPD, 30 anxiety and/or depressive disorders, and 30 healthy
controls) underwent a mood induction procedure and specified which ER strategies they used and their
perceived difficulty regulating mood following induction. Compared with healthy controls, BPD endorsed
higher negative mood prior to, immediately following, and 4 min after neutral and negative mood inductions;
more maladaptive ER strategies (e.g., rumination); and more perceived difficulty regulating negative mood.
Compared with anxiety and/or depressive disorders, BPD endorsed similar ER strategies and subjective
difficulty during mood inductions, endorsed higher negative mood following a neutral video and 1 negative
video, and recorded higher RSA reactivity during and following 2 negative videos. Results suggest that
individuals with BPD use a higher number of maladaptive ER strategies compared with healthy controls, which
may lead to less effective modulation of negative mood and higher reports of difficulty regulating emotions. In
addition, physiological measurements indicated that individuals with BPD may have higher RSA reactivity in
response to negative mood induction compared with other mental disorders, which may reflect inefficient or
disorganized attempts to regulate emotional arousal. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights
86. Dynamic associations between borderline personality disorder and stressful life events over five years in older adults
Authors Conway, Christopher C.; Boudreaux, Michael; Oltmanns, Thomas F.
PubMedID 29461847
Database PsycINFO
Page 44 of 68
Abstract The time course of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is far more variable than traditionally assumed.
Shifting environmental conditions are theorized to account, at least in part, for fluctuations in symptom
presentation over time. In the present study, we evaluated the reciprocal influences of stressful life events and
borderline pathology in a representative community sample of 1,630 older adults assessed 3 times over 5 years.
An autoregressive cross-lagged model revealed strong, but imperfect, stability in symptoms of BPD over the
study time frame. After adjusting for this continuity in BPD, the prospective effect of life stress on borderline
pathology was virtually nil, contrary to expectations. On the other hand, borderline pathology was
prospectively related to subsequent dependent event (i.e., stressors to which individuals may have
contributed), but not independent event (i.e., fateful stressors), exposure. This pattern of associations was
consistent with a stress generation effect. We conclude that stressful life events do not substantially redirect
the trajectory of BPD in older adults, possibly owing to inertia of borderline pathology at this developmental
stage. Instead, symptoms of BPD seem to promote stress exposure, thereby setting the stage for continued
social impairment and comorbid psychiatric problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights
87. Hervey Cleckley (1903–1984): Contributions to the study of psychopathy

Authors Lilienfeld, Scott O.; Watts, Ashley L.; Smith, Sarah Francis; Patrick, Christopher J.; Hare, Robert D.
PubMedID 30080062
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Hervey Cleckley (1903–1984) was probably among the most influential psychiatrists of the 20th century, but
the history of his intellectual contributions to psychopathy is not especially well known. Not all of Cleckley’s
writings have stood the test of time, but others seem prescient, arguably anticipating current debates regarding
such contentious issues as successful psychopathy and the treatability of psychopathy. Although Cleckley’s
seminal writings on psychopathy are familiar to many contemporary scholars, Cleckley’s role as an expert
witness and his writings on other topics, such as dissociative identity disorder, may be less familiar to many
readers. Cleckley’s rich and diverse body of work is worth revisiting for its keen insights regarding psychopathy
and personality pathology more broadly. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source:
journal abstract)
88. A systematic review of negative parenting practices predicting borderline personality disorder: Are we measuring biosocial
theory's ‘invalidating environment’?
Authors Musser, Nicole; Zalewski, Maureen; Stepp, Stephanie; Lewis, Jennifer
Source Clinical Psychology Review; Nov 2018; vol. 65 ; p. 1-16
PubMedID 30055510
Database PsycINFO
Abstract A core tenet of Linehan's biosocial theory (1993) is that borderline personality disorder (BPD) emerges as a
result of transactions between emotional vulnerability and an invalidating environment. Invalidation has
become a popular term in the literature, but there is a lack of uniformity in its operationalization and
measurement, particularly as applied to invalidating parenting practices that are non-abusive. This systematic
review of 77 empirical studies examined the measurement and operationalization of parental invalidation in the
BPD literature and determined the extent to which measurements used converge with Linehan's original model.
This review provides a description of methodological design features of the literature and presents the percent
of studies that measured four key components of invalidation—inaccuracy, misattribution, discouragement of
negative emotions, and oversimplification of problem solving. Limitations of the literature, including a dearth of
studies which include measurements that align with Linehan's model, and recommendations for future research
are discussed in an attempt to encourage greater scientific rigor in the measurement of invalidation and
elucidate the role of invalidation in the development of BPD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all
89. Relations between facets and personality domains with impulsivity: New evidence using the DSM-5 Section III
framework in patients with substance use disorders
Page 45 of 68
Authors Moraleda-Barreno, Enrique; Díaz-Batanero, Carmen; Pérez-Moreno, Pedro Juan; Gómez-Bujedo, Jesús;
Lozano, Oscar M.
PubMedID 29431453
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition proposes an alternative
diagnostic model for personality disorders based on the identification of pathological personality facets.
Despite the existing evidence for the relationship between personality disorders and impulsivity in patients
with substance use disorders, no study has yet been conducted within this framework. Thus, using a sample of
110 patients with substance use disorders, the present work aims to (a) analyze the relationship between the
different personality facets and domains evaluated by the Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (PID-5) and impulsivity and (b) explore the relationships
between severity of dependency and personality facets and dimensions of impulsivity. With respect to PID-5
domains, except for sensation-seeking, antagonism and disinhibition showed correlations higher than .30 with
the following dimensions: urgency, premeditation, perseverance, sensation-seeking, and positive urgency
(UPPS-P). The domains of detachment and psychoticism showed weaker correlations with different UPPS-P
dimensions. The risk-taking PID-5 facet explains 49% variability of the sensation-seeking dimension of UPPS-P,
whereas the impulsivity facet was significant on regression models computed with lack of premeditation,
positive urgency, and negative urgency dimensions. Heroin and cocaine severity of dependence were
moderately related to different personality facets. Lower relationships between alcohol and cannabis severity
of dependence, impulsivity, and PID-5 facets were found. As a conclusion, the relationships between
personality domains and impulsivity behave similarly to their five-factor equivalents for some dimensions but
not for negative urgency, which might indicate the lack of specificity of this dimension of impulsivity on this type
of patients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
90. Personality disorder traits: Perceptions of likability, impairment, and ability to change as correlates and moderators of
desired level
Authors Miller, Joshua D.; Sleep, Chelsea E.; Lamkin, Joanna; Vize, Colin; Campbell, W. Keith; Lynam, Donald R.
PubMedID 29120195
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Historical conceptualizations have framed personality disorders (PDs) as unchanging and ego-syntonic.
However, recent evidence suggests that individuals with PD traits may have some insight into their personality
and consider those traits to be somewhat ego-dystonic. To replicate and extend previous findings, participants
(N = 328) self-reported their PD trait levels, likability of those traits, impairment, capability for change, and
desired trait levels. The results demonstrated that individuals with PD traits tolerate but still dislike those traits,
believe that they cause them problems, and are interested in reducing them. Level of PD trait did not relate to
perception of capability for change. Likability and impairment moderated most of the relations between actual
PD trait and desired level. That is, there was a stronger correlation between actual and desired levels among
individuals who liked the trait more; there was also greater agreement between actual and desired levels
among individuals who found the traits less impairing. For 2 of the traits—Negative Affectivity and
Detachment—individuals who felt more capable of changing these traits demonstrated greater agreement
between their actual and desired levels. These data suggest that individuals with PD traits do not generally see
them as particularly likable and see them as impairing; such impressions may have important implications for
where individuals ultimately prefer to reside on these PD trait domains. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018
APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
91. Validity of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale: Associations with schizotypal traits and normal personality
Authors Kwapil, Thomas R.; Gross, Georgina M.; Burgin, Chris J.; Raulin, Michael L.; Silvia, Paul J.; Barrantes-Vidal, Neus
PubMedID 29722996
Page 46 of 68
Database PsycINFO
Abstract The present study provided the first examination of the construct validity of the Multidimensional Schizotypy
Scale (MSS) and the first assessment of its psychometric properties outside of its derivation samples. The MSS
contains 77 items that assess positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy. A large multisite sample of 1,430
participants completed the MSS and measures of schizotypal personality traits and the five-factor model of
personality. The MSS subscales had good-to-excellent internal consistency reliability that showed no shrinkage
relative to the MSS derivation samples. The psychometric properties and intercorrelations of the MSS
subscales were closely consistent with the derivation findings. The MSS Positive Schizotypy subscale had a
strong association with cognitive–perceptual schizotypal traits (large effect), positive associations with
personality traits of neuroticism and openness to experience, and negative associations with agreeableness.
The MSS Negative Schizotypy subscale had a strong association with interpersonal schizotypal traits (medium
effect) and negative associations with personality traits of extraversion, openness, and agreeableness. The MSS
Disorganized Schizotypy subscale had a strong association with disorganized schizotypal traits (medium effect),
a positive association with neuroticism, and a negative association with conscientiousness. The findings were
consistent with the a priori predictions and support the construct validity of the MSS. (PsycINFO Database
92. Borderline personality features and integration of positive and negative thoughts about significant others
Authors Berenson, Kathy R.; Johnson, Jessica C.; Zhao, Fanghui; Nynaes, Olga; Goren, Tamir
PubMedID 29446962
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Taking the bad with the good is a necessity of life, and people who readily integrate thoughts of their loved one’s
flaws with thoughts of their more positive attributes maintain more stable, satisfying relationships. Borderline
personality disorder, however, is often characterized by interpersonal perceptions that fluctuate between
extremes of good and bad. We used a timed judgment task to examine information processing about significant
others in individuals high in borderline personality features relative to healthy individuals and those high in
avoidant personality features. In Study 1, when judging traits of a liked significant other, same-valence
facilitation by negative primes (judging negative traits faster than positive traits after a negative prime) was
significantly stronger in the borderline features group than the other two groups, and was inversely associated
with self-reports of integrated thoughts about significant others. In contrast, same-valence facilitation by
positive primes (judging positive traits faster than negative traits after a positive prime) was significantly
stronger in the avoidant features group than the other two groups, and inversely associated with self-esteem.
No between-group differences in same-valence facilitation were statistically significant when participants
judged traits of disliked significant others, liked foods, and disliked foods. In Study 2, same-valence facilitation
by negative primes when judging traits of a liked significant other was significantly associated with less
integrated positive/negative thoughts about that person in a 12-day diary. These results identify an implicit
information-processing pattern relevant to interpersonal difficulties in borderline personality disorder.
93. Clinical severity as a moderator of outcome in psychodynamic and dialectical behavior therapies for borderline personality
disorder
Authors Sahin, Zeynep; Vinnars, Bo; Gorman, Bernard S.; Wilczek, Alexander; Åsberg, Marie; Barber, Jacques P.
PubMedID 29239627
Database PsycINFO
Page 47 of 68
Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of initial level of psychiatric severity on treatment
outcome in psychodynamic therapy and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for borderline personality disorder
(BPD). It was hypothesized that DBT would lead to better outcome for patients with high psychiatric severity,
whereas dynamic treatment would lead to better outcome for patients with lower psychiatric severity. Data
from the 5th-year follow-up of the Stockholm City Council’s and the Karolinska Institute’s Psychotherapy
Project were used in the present study. A total of 106 female patients diagnosed with BPD with at least 2 past
suicide attempts were randomized into object-relational psychotherapy (ORP; based on transference-focused
psychotherapy), DBT, and treatment as usual. Patients’ baseline global severity index was used as a moderator.
Global Assessment of Functioning (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition
[American Psychiatric Association, 1994]) was used to examine outcome. There was a significant 3-way
interaction of Time × Treatment × Severity. Post hoc analyses suggested that patients with lower levels of
severity had significantly better outcomes in object-relational psychotherapy. For patients with higher severity,
the 3 treatments resulted in similar outcomes in terms of level of functioning. Outcome of treatment for BPD
might differ significantly for patients depending on their initial levels of overall psychiatric severity. If our
findings are replicated for patients with low severity and supported for a high-severity sample, psychiatric
severity can be used as a low-cost and effective tool to match patients with BPD to optimal treatments.
94. Self and informant report across the borderline personality disorder spectrum
Authors Balsis, Steve; Loehle-Conger, Evan; Busch, Alexander J.; Ungredda, Tatiana; Oltmanns, Thomas F.
PubMedID 28857585
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) features may be unaware of or unwilling to report their
own personality or maladaptive behaviors, which complicates the assessment of BPD. Informants who know
the individuals with BPD features may be uniquely suited to aid in the personality assessment of these
individuals. The present study analyzed the comparative ability of individuals (targets) and informants to report
BPD features across the continuum of BPD severity. The sample consisted of 1387 targets, ages 55 to 65 (56%
women), who were recruited for an epidemiological longitudinal study examining the effects of PDs on health
and social functioning. Each target nominated an informant who provided information about the target’s
personality. Results indicated relatively low levels of agreement between perspectives and that informants
reported BPD symptoms with more precision and at lower levels of BPD severity than targets. The benefits of
including an informant perspective when measuring the BPD continuum are discussed; these benefits may
include gains in reliability and improvement in the prediction of outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c)
95. Examining the DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorders operationalization of obsessive–compulsive
personality disorder in a mental health sample
Authors Liggett, Jacqueline; Sellbom, Martin
PubMedID 29927297
Database PsycINFO
Page 48 of 68
Abstract The current study evaluated the continuity between the diagnostic operationalizations of
obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental
Disorders, Fifth Edition, both as traditionally operationalized and from the perspective of the alternative model
of personality disorders. Using both self-report and informant measures, the study had the following four aims:
(a) to examine the extent to which self-report and informant data correspond, (b) to investigate whether both
self-report and informant measures of the alternative model of OCPD can predict traditional OCPD, (c) to
determine if any traits additional to those proposed in the alternative model of OCPD can predict traditional
OCPD, and (d) to investigate whether a measure of OCPD-specific impairment is better at predicting traditional
OCPD than are measures of general impairment in personality functioning. A mental health sample of 214
participants was recruited and administered measures of both the traditional and alternative models of OCPD.
Self-report data moderately corresponded with informant data, which is consistent with the literature. Results
further confirmed rigid perfectionism as the core trait of OCPD. Perseveration and workaholism were also
associated with OCPD. Hostility was identified as a trait deserving further research. A measure of OCPD-
specific impairment demonstrated its ability to incrementally predict OCPD over general measures of
impairment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
96. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of lamotrigine in borderline personality disorder: A randomized placebo-
controlled trial
Authors Crawford, Mike J.; Sanatinia, Rahil; Barrett, Barbara; Cunningham, Gillian; Dale, Oliver; Ganguli, Poushali;
Lawrence-Smith, Geoff; Leeson, Verity; Lemonsky, Fenella; Lykomitrou, Georgia; Montgomery, Alan A.; Morriss,
Richard; Munjiza, Jasna; Paton, Carol; Skorodzien, Iwona; Singh, Vineet; Tan, Wei; Tyrer, Peter; Reilly, Joseph G.
Source The American Journal of Psychiatry; Aug 2018; vol. 175 (no. 8); p. 756-764
Publication Date Aug 2018
PubMedID 29621901
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Objective: The authors examined whether lamotrigine is a clinically effective and cost-effective treatment for
people with borderline personality disorder. Method: This was a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled
randomized trial. Between July 2013 and November 2016, the authors recruited 276 people age 18 or over
who met diagnostic criteria for borderline personality disorder. Individuals with coexisting bipolar affective
disorder or psychosis, those already taking a mood stabilizer, and women at risk of pregnancy were excluded. A
web-based randomization service was used to allocate participants randomly in a 1:1 ratio to receive either an
inert placebo or up to 400 mg/day of lamotrigine. The primary outcome measure was score on the Zanarini
Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder (ZAN-BPD) at 52 weeks. Secondary outcome measures
included depressive symptoms, deliberate self-harm, social functioning, health-related quality of life, resource
use and costs, side effects of treatment, and adverse events. Results: A total of 195 (70.6%) participants were
followed up at 52 weeks, at which point 49 (36%) of those in the lamotrigine group and 58 (42%) of those in the
placebo group were taking study medication. The mean ZAN-BPD score was 11.3 (SD = 6.6) among those in the
lamotrigine group and 11.5 (SD = 7.7) among those in the placebo group (adjusted difference in means = 0.1,
95% CI = -1.8, 2.0). There was no evidence of any differences in secondary outcomes. Costs of direct care were
similar in the two groups. Conclusions: The results suggest that treating people with borderline personality
disorder with lamotrigine is not a clinically effective or cost-effective use of resources. (PsycINFO Database
97. Sensitization of the neural salience network to repeated emotional stimuli following initial habituation in patients with
borderline personality disorder
Authors Denny, Bryan T.; Fan, Jin; Fels, Samuel; Galitzer, Hayley; Schiller, Daniela; Koenigsberg, Harold W.
Source The American Journal of Psychiatry; Jul 2018; vol. 175 (no. 7); p. 657-664
PubMedID 29961363
Database PsycINFO
Page 49 of 68
Abstract Objective: Borderline personality disorder is the prototypical disorder of emotion reactivity and dysregulation,
yet there remains limited understanding of its neurocognitive correlates. Two mechanisms that may underlie
anomalous reactivity in response to negative stimuli among patients with borderline personality disorder are
impairment in habituation and exaggerated sensitization of activity in the neural salience network, including the
amygdala, anterior insula, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. The authors aimed to reveal the most plausible
mechanism by examining the effect of repeated exposure to emotional images both within and across study
sessions. Method: A total of 75 participants (patients with borderline personality disorder, N = 26; patients with
avoidant personality disorder included as a psychopathological control group, N = 25; and healthy control
subjects, N = 24) were included in the study analyses. All participants viewed five presentations of the same set
of negative and neutral images at each of two sessions, separated by approximately 3 days, while functional MRI
data were acquired. Salience network activity, as measured by blood-oxygen-level–dependent signal in
anatomically defined regions of interest across the salience network, was compared across the three groups for
each presentation at each of the two study sessions. Self-reported negative affect was measured for each trial.
Results: Salience network activity showed a main effect of within-session habituation across all groups and
sessions. However, a group-by-session interaction was present, such that only patients with borderline
personality disorder showed increased salience network activity in response to the images reencountered at
the second session, and this increased salience network sensitization predicted greater sensitization in self-
reported negative affect. Conclusions: These results elucidate the neural mechanisms by which patients with
borderline personality disorder appraise negative social situations as exaggeratedly salient and suggest
potential neurocognitive intervention targets. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
98. A twin study of normative personality and DSM-IV personality disorder criterion counts: Evidence for separate genetic
influences
Authors Czajkowski, Nikolai; Aggen, Steven H.; Krueger, Robert F.; Kendler, Kenneth S.; Neale, Michael C.; Knudsen, Gun
Peggy; Gillespie, Nathan A.; Røysamb, Espen; Tambs, Kristian; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted
Source The American Journal of Psychiatry; Jul 2018; vol. 175 (no. 7); p. 649-656
PubMedID 29558815
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Objective: Both normative personality and DSM-IV personality disorders have been found to be heritable.
However, there is limited knowledge about the extent to which the genetic and environmental influences
underlying DSM personality disorders are shared with those of normative personality. The aims of this study
were to assess the phenotypic similarity between normative and pathological personality and to investigate the
extent to which genetic and environmental influences underlying individual differences in normative
personality account for symptom variance across DSM-IV personality disorders. Method: A large population-
based sample of adult twins was assessed for DSM-IV personality disorder criteria with structured interviews
at two waves spanning a 10-year interval. At the second assessment, participants also completed the Big Five
Inventory, a self-report instrument assessing the five-factor normative personality model. The proportion of
genetic and environmental liabilities unique to the individual personality disorder measures, and hence not
shared with the five Big Five Inventory domains, were estimated by means of multivariate Cholesky twin
decompositions. Results: The median percentage of genetic liability to the 10 DSM-IV personality disorders
assessed at wave 1 that was not shared with the Big Five domains was 64%, whereas for the six personality
disorders that were assessed concurrently at wave 2, the median was 39%. Conversely, the median proportions
of unique environmental liability in the personality disorders for wave 1 and wave 2 were 97% and 96%,
respectively. Conclusions: The results indicate that a moderate-to-sizable proportion of the genetic influence
underlying DSM-IV personality disorders is not shared with the domain constructs of the Big Five model of
normative personality. Caution should be exercised in assuming that normative personality measures can serve
as proxies for DSM personality disorders when investigating the etiology of these disorders. (PsycINFO
99. Predictors of substance use in youth with borderline personality disorder

Authors Scalzo, Franco; Hulbert, Carol A.; Betts, Jennifer K.; Cotton, Sue M.; Chanen, Andrew M.
PubMedID 28627903
Database PsycINFO
Page 50 of 68
Abstract Concomitant substance misuse in adults with borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with a more
severe course of illness and poorer outcomes. Previous research has found an association between the number
of borderline personality features and substance misuse in community samples. This study examined the
relationship between substance use and severity of BPD in youth presenting for the first time for treatment
(first presentation) of BPD. Participants were 117 help-seeking youth aged 15–25 years (93 females; M age =
19.0 years, SD = 2.8) with BPD. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to investigate whether the severity of
BPD predicted substance use. After adjusting for demographic factors and concurrent mental state pathology,
BPD independently predicted alcohol dependence, amphetamine use in the previous month, or use of 2 or more
illicit substances in the previous month but not daily tobacco use or cannabis use in the previous month. BPD
might increase the probability that an individual will engage in higher-risk behaviors, such as amphetamine and
polysubstance use, or problematic alcohol use. These findings support the need for assessment of youth with
BPD for alcohol, amphetamine, and polysubstance use along with the need for routine screening in drug and
alcohol services for BPD features. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source:
journal abstract)
100. Effect of maternal borderline personality disorder on adolescents’ experience of maltreatment and adolescent borderline
features
Authors Kurdziel, Gretchen; Kors, Stephanie; Macfie, Jenny
PubMedID 29120194
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe and chronic mental illness. Self-reported borderline features
correlate highly with a diagnosis (affective instability, negative relationships, unstable sense of self, self-harm).
Etiological factors of BPD include childhood maltreatment. The current study compared the experience of
maltreatment in adolescent offspring of mothers with BPD, who are themselves at risk of developing the
disorder, with that of offspring of mothers with no current diagnosis. Participants were 56 adolescents aged 14
to 18 years. In all, 93% of the adolescents whose mothers had BPD experienced maltreatment compared with
60% of comparisons. Specifically, adolescent offspring of mothers with BPD experienced more physical abuse,
emotional abuse, and neglect, but not more sexual abuse, than did comparisons. Dimensions of maltreatment
(severity, multiple subtypes, chronicity) were associated with adolescents’ own total borderline features. We
discuss implications for the intergenerational transmission of BPD and for clinical interventions. (PsycINFO
101. Examining the relations among the DSM–5 alternative model of personality, the five-factor model, and externalizing and
internalizing behavior
Authors Sleep, Chelsea E.; Hyatt, Courtland S.; Lamkin, Joanna; Maples-Keller, Jessica L.; Miller, Joshua D.
PubMedID 28125251
Database PsycINFO
Page 51 of 68
Abstract Given long-standing criticisms of the DSM’s reliance on categorical models of psychopathology, including the
poor reliability and validity of personality-disorder diagnoses, the American Psychiatric Association (APA)
published an alternative model (AM) of personality disorders in Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5; APA, 2013), which, in part, comprises 5 pathological trait domains based
on the 5-factor model (FFM). However, the empirical profiles and discriminant validity of the AM traits remain
in question. We recruited a sample of undergraduates (N = 340) for the current study to compare the relations
found between a measure of the DSM–5 AM traits (i.e., the Personality Inventory for DSM–5; PID-5; Krueger,
Derringer, Markon, Watson, & Skodol, 2012) and a measure of the FFM (i.e., the International Personality Item
Pool; IPIP; Goldberg, 1999) in relation to externalizing and internalizing symptoms. In general, the domains
from the 2 measures were significantly related and demonstrated similar patterns of relations with these
criteria, such that Antagonism/low Agreeableness and Disinhibition/low Conscientiousness were related to
externalizing behaviors, whereas Negative Affectivity/Neuroticism was most significantly related to
internalizing symptoms. However, the PID-5 demonstrated large interrelations among its domains and poorer
discriminant validity than the IPIP. These results provide additional support that the conception of the trait
model included in the DSM–5 AM is an extension of the FFM, but highlight some of the issues that arise due to
the PID-5’s more limited discriminant validity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
102. Borderline personality disorder affective instability: What you know impacts how you feel
Authors Dick, Alexandra M.; Suvak, Michael K.
PubMedID 29461071
Database PsycINFO
Abstract The current study examined the role of conceptual knowledge and language in affective instability (AI)
associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Forty-six females meeting criteria for BPD and 51
nonclinical female control participants without BPD completed a measure of general vocabulary and a semantic
similarities task that provided estimates of the degree to which participants weighted information about
valence and arousal in their understanding of emotion language. Feelings of valence and arousal were assessed
using the Self-Assessment Manikin in response to 62 emotionally evocative images, which was used to derive
estimates of AI. BPD status was associated with valence and arousal AI at a bivariate level, but not after
controlling for language variables (general vocabulary and semantic valence and arousal foci). Participants with
stronger as opposed to weaker vocabularies exhibited less AI, and participants who emphasized arousal more in
their conceptual representations of emotions exhibited less AI than those who emphasized it to a lesser degree.
With the inclusion of language variables in a regression equation with BPD status predicting AI, semantic
arousal focus, but not general vocabulary, was a significant predictor of AI. Consistent with psychological
constructionist models of emotion that specify an active role of language throughout the emotion generation
process, these findings suggest that language capacity (general vocabulary and the degree to which arousal
influences understanding of emotion words) is an important determinant of the AI associated with BPD.
103. Response bias and the Personality Inventory for DSM–5: Contrasting self- and informant-report
Authors Quilty, Lena C.; Cosentino, Nicole; Bagby, R. Michael
PubMedID 28368145
Database PsycINFO
Page 52 of 68
Abstract Previous research has raised concerns that scores derived from the Personality Inventory for DSM–5 (PID-5;
American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Krueger, Derringer, Markon, Watson, & Skodol, 2012) may be
compromised by response styles such as underreporting or overreporting. The informant-report form of the
PID-5 (PID-5-IRF; Markon, Quilty, Bagby, & Krueger, 2013) has been recommended for use when response bias
is an assessment concern. The purpose of the current investigation was to evaluate PID-5 and PID-5-IRF scale
score elevations across participants exhibiting signs of overreporting or underreporting. A total of 245 adults
completed the PID-5 and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1992). A family
member or friend of at least 1 year’s acquaintance completed the PID-5-IRF for 216 of these. A total of 211
target-informant pairs were available for analysis. Participants were categorized as overreporting and
underreporting according to NEO PI-R validity scale cutoffs. The majority of PID-5 scale scores were elevated
in those identified as overreporting; more than half of the PID-5-IRF scale scores were similarly elevated. The
majority of PID-5 scale scores were lower in those scoring above underreporting cut-offs; however, PID-5-IRF
scales were not as consistently or strongly impacted. PID-5 scales were strongly impacted by response bias,
whereas PID-5-IRF scores were less strongly impacted overall, and more so by overreporting bias. Caution
when using these instruments in the assessment of personality disorders prone to over- or underreporting may
be warranted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
104. Dimensional conceptualizations of impulsivity

Authors Griffin, Sarah A.; Lynam, Donald R.; Samuel, Douglas B.
PubMedID 28493733
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Impulsivity is a transdiagnostic dimension of crucial importance to understanding psychopathology, as it is
highly relevant to a wide array of maladaptive life outcomes including substance use, criminality, and other risky
behaviors. There exist a variety of operationalizations of impulsivity across the literature distinct nomological
networks. In fact, research suggests that "impulsivity" is a multifaceted construct comprised of at least 4
distinct traits that have unique pathways to maladaptive behaviors. Those traits are positive and negative
urgency, sensation seeking, premeditation, and perseverance. Thus, it is crucial that any diagnostic system, or
model of maladaptive traits, capture the nuances among these impulsigenic traits. The present study
investigated the conceptualization of impulsigenic traits within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Alternative personality disorder model and an
alternative trait model to determine how well they captured these variants. This study obtained questionnaire
ratings and behavioral task data from 450 community-dwelling adults oversampled for a history of involvement
in the legal and/or mental health systems. The results showed that although the DSM–5 trait model captures
well a broad conceptualization of impulsivity, some lower-order facets lack specificity. (PsycINFO Database
105. Maternal psychological control, maternal borderline personality disorder, and adolescent borderline features
Authors Mahan, Rebecca M.; Kors, Stephanie B.; Simmons, Meredith L.; Macfie, Jenny
PubMedID 29239626
Database PsycINFO
Page 53 of 68
Abstract Linehan (1993) theorized that the experience of invalidating parenting interacts with emotional vulnerability in
the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Parental psychological control is a type of
invalidating parenting, defined as manipulation by parents of their offspring’s psychological and emotional
expression and experience (Barber, 1996). In a normative sample of adolescent females, adolescent-reported
maternal psychological control was related to maternal borderline symptoms (Zalewski et al., 2014). The
current study expanded on these findings to sample mothers with a diagnosis of BPD (n = 28) and normative
comparisons (n = 28) with male and female adolescents aged 14–18. We assessed maternal and adolescent self-
reported borderline features (affective instability, negative relationships, identity disturbance, and self-harm)
and coded maternal psychological control from filmed problem-solving interactions. Controlling for current
major depressive disorder and family income, mothers with BPD used more total psychological control with
their adolescents in comparison with normative mothers. Further, maternal psychological control was positively
associated with all mothers’ borderline features and with adolescent affective instability. Finally, we found a
significant indirect effect for maternal affective instability between maternal total psychological control and
adolescent affective instability. We discuss adolescents’ risk of developing BPD themselves and prevention and
treatment implications. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal
abstract)
106. Association of substance use disorders with conversion from schizotypal disorder to schizophrenia
Authors Hjorthøj, Carsten; Albert, Nikolai; Nordentoft, Merete
Source JAMA Psychiatry; Jul 2018; vol. 75 (no. 7); p. 733-739
Database PsycINFO
Available at JAMA Psychiatry from EBSCO (MEDLINE Complete)
Available at JAMA Psychiatry from Unpaywall
Abstract Importance: Understanding the role of substance use disorders in conversion from schizotypal disorder to
schizophrenia may provide physicians and psychiatrists with important tools for prevention or early detection
of schizophrenia. Objective: To investigate whether substance use disorders, in particular cannabis use
disorder, are associated with conversion to schizophrenia in individuals with schizotypal disorder. Design,
Setting, and Participants: This prospective cohort study included a population-based sample of all individuals
born in Denmark from January 1, 1981, through August 10, 2014, with an incident diagnosis of schizotypal
disorder and without a previous diagnosis of schizophrenia. Follow-up was completed on August 10, 2014, and
data were analyzed from March 10, 2017, through February 15, 2018. Exposures: Information on substance use
disorders combined from 5 different registers. Main Outcomes and Measures: Cox proportional hazards
regression using time-varying information on substance use disorders and receipt of antipsychotics and
adjusted for parental history of mental disorders, sex, birth year, and calendar year were used to estimate
hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for conversion to schizophrenia. Result: A total of 2539 participants with
incident schizotypal disorder were identified (1448 men [57.0%] and 1091 women [43.0%]; mean [SD] age, 20.9
[4.4] years). After 2 years, 16.3% (95% CI, 14.8%-17.8%) experienced conversion to schizophrenia. After 20
years, the conversion rate was 33.1% (95% CI, 29.3%-37.3%) overall and 58.2% (95% CI, 44.8%-72.2%) among
those with cannabis use disorders. In fully adjusted models, any substance use disorder was associated with
conversion to schizophrenia (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.11-1.63). When data were stratified by substance, cannabis
use disorders (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.01-1.68), amphetamine use disorders (HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.14-3.17), and
opioid use disorders (HR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.38-5.45) were associated with conversion to schizophrenia. These
associations were not explained by concurrent use of antipsychotics, functional level before incident
schizotypal disorder, or parental history of mental disorders. Conclusions and Relevance: Substance use
disorders, in particular cannabis, amphetamines, and opioids, may be associated with conversion from
schizotypal disorder to schizophrenia. However, conversion rates are high even in those without substance use
disorders, indicating a need for universal and substance-targeted prevention in individuals with schizotypal
disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
107. Progress in developing a classification of personality disorders for ICD-11

Authors Reed, Geoffrey M.
Source World Psychiatry; Jun 2018; vol. 17 (no. 2); p. 227-229
Publication Date Jun 2018
Publication Type(s) Journal Peer Reviewed Journal Letter
PubMedID 29856549
Database PsycINFO
Available at World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) from Europe
PubMed Central - Open Access
Available at World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) from Wiley Online
Library Free Content - NHS
Available at World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) from Unpaywall
Page 54 of 68
Abstract In appointing a Working Group charged with developing recommendations in the area of personality disorders
(PDs) for the ICD-11, the World Health Organization (WHO) Department of Mental Health and Substance
Abuse highlighted several problems with the classification of PDs in the ICD-10. First, PDs appeared to be
substantially under diagnosed relative to their prevalence among individuals with other mental disorders.
Second, of the ten specific PDs, only two (emotionally unstable personality disorder, borderline type and
dissocial personality disorder) were recorded with any frequency in publicly available databases. Third, rates of
co-occurrence were extremely high, with most individuals with severe disorders meeting the requirements for
multiple PDs. Fourth, the typical description of PD as persistent across many years was inconsistent with
available evidence about its lack of temporal stability. A revision of the diagnostic guidelines for PDs based on
the recommendations of a WHO-convened Task Group consisting of members appointed by ISSPD/ESSPD/
NASSPD and members of the original Working Group has been approved. These guidelines are available for
review online, and are now being used in field testing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights
reserved)
108. Assessing inter-model continuity between the Section II and Section III conceptualizations of borderline personality
disorder in DSM–5
Authors Evans, Chloe M.; Simms, Leonard J.
PubMedID 28252983
Database PsycINFO
Abstract DSM–5 includes 2 competing models of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in Sections II and III. Empirical
comparisons between these models are required to understand and improve intermodel continuity. We
compared Section III BPD traits to Section II BPD criteria assessed via semistructured interviews in 455
current/recent psychiatric patients using correlation and regression analyses, and also evaluated the
incremental predictive power of other Section III traits. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that self-harm
would incrementally predict BPD Criterion 5 over the Section III traits. Results supported Section III BPD traits
as an adequate representation of traditional BPD symptomatology, although modifications that would increase
intermodel continuity were identified. Finally, we found support for the incremental validity of suspiciousness,
anhedonia, perceptual dysregulation, and self-harm, suggesting possible gaps in the Section III PD trait
definitions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
109. Accounting for the association between BPD features and chronic pain complaints in a pain patient sample: The role of
emotion dysregulation factors
Authors Reynolds, Caleb J.; Carpenter, Ryan W.; Tragesser, Sarah L.
PubMedID 28206807
Database PsycINFO
Page 55 of 68
Abstract Although borderline personality disorder (BPD) features consistently show strong relations with chronic pain,
the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. BPD is characterized by dysregulated emotion.
Given previously observed relationships between emotion dysregulation and pain, we hypothesized that
components of this dysregulation—elevated and labile negative affect and emotion sensitivity—would account
for the relationship between BPD features and various pain complaints in a chronic pain patient sample.
Specifically, we hypothesized that negative affect would indirectly predict pain through higher emotion
sensitivity to pain, operationalized as pain anxiety sensitivity. To test these hypotheses, we administered a
series of self-report measures to 147 patients at a chronic pain treatment facility. As expected, BPD features
predicted pain severity (β = .19, p = .029), activity interference from pain (β = .22, p = .015), and affective
interference from pain (β = .41, p < .001). Using path analyses, we found that the associations between BPD
features and pain severity and interference were accounted for by serial indirect pathways through affective
lability then pain anxiety and, to a lesser extent, through trait anxiety then pain anxiety. This is the first study to
demonstrate roles for affective lability and pain anxiety sensitivity in the association between BPD features and
chronic pain complaints in a chronic pain sample. We discuss implications for the relationship between
dysregulated emotion and pain as well as for psychologically-focused treatment interventions for pain.
110. Clinician ratings of vulnerable and grandiose narcissistic features: Implications for an expanded narcissistic personality
disorder diagnosis
Authors Stanton, Kasey; Zimmerman, Mark
PubMedID 29215903
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Conceptualizations of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fifth Edition (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) have been criticized for focusing too
exclusively on grandiose narcissistic traits (e.g., exploitativeness and entitlement) and failing to capture
vulnerable narcissistic features (e.g., feelings of inadequacy). We extended prior grandiose and vulnerable
narcissism research by examining the degree to which clinician ratings of traits related to grandiosity
overlapped with traits related to vulnerability in a large sample of adult outpatients (N = 2,149). We also
examined relations with other psychopathology and psychosocial impairment for both (a) narcissistic trait
configurations including both vulnerable and grandiose features and (b) configurations focusing on grandiose
narcissistic traits. Structural results indicated that some personality features related to vulnerability (e.g.,
perfectionism and inadequacy) were unrelated to ratings of grandiose narcissistic personality features.
Additionally, our results suggest that emphasizing vulnerable features within narcissism trait configurations
may increase NPD’s overlap with other disorders (e.g., borderline personality disorder and social anxiety) and
does not appear to discriminate pathological narcissism from antisocial personality disorder, a disorder with
which NPD is highly comorbid. Finally, scores on configurations defined only by grandiose narcissistic traits
related positively to all psychosocial impairment indicators, although configurations also including vulnerable
features generally showed stronger relations with psychosocial impairment. The implications of these findings
in regard to future conceptualizations of NPD are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all
111. The personality context of relational aggression: A Five-Factor Model profile analysis
Authors Reardon, Kathleen W.; Tackett, Jennifer L.; Lynam, Don
PubMedID 28095002
Database PsycINFO
Page 56 of 68
Abstract Relational aggression (RAgg) is a form of behavior intended to damage the victim’s social status or interpersonal
relationships through the use of purposeful interpersonal manipulation or social exclusion (Archer & Coyne,
2005). RAgg is impairing, stable, and largely defined by dysfunctional patterns of interpersonal interactions—all
of which invokes comparisons to personality and, more specifically, personality pathology. Leveraging research
using the Five Factor Model (FFM) in personality disorder (PD) work, the present study aims to understand the
personality context of RAgg by applying this FFM profile approach in 2 ways: (a) by compiling a personality
profile of RAgg based on a thorough review of the relevant literature and (b) by compiling a personality profile
of RAgg based on expert ratings (N = 19). We then compared these profiles to each other and to existing
personality profiles of Cluster B PDs to examine how RAgg fits into the personality space represented by
Cluster B PDs. These analyses indicate that both FFM profiles of RAgg show substantial overlap with the FFM
profile of narcissistic PD. The present study has important implications for bridging disjointed domains of
research on personality pathology and RAgg and underscores the relevance of RAgg for early emergence of PD
characteristics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
112. Psychometric properties of the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure: An item response theory approach
Authors Shou, Yiyun; Sellbom, Martin; Xu, Jing
PubMedID 28165260
Database PsycINFO
Abstract There is cumulative evidence for the cross-cultural validity of the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM;
Patrick, 2010) among non-Western populations. Recent studies using correlational and regression analyses
show promising construct validity of the TriPM in Chinese samples. However, little is known about the
efficiency of items in TriPM in assessing the proposed latent traits. The current study evaluated the
psychometric properties of the Chinese TriPM at the item level using item response theory analyses. It also
examined the measurement invariance of the TriPM between the Chinese and the U.S. student samples by
applying differential item functioning analyses under the item response theory framework. The results
supported the unidimensional nature of the Disinhibition and Meanness scales. Both scales had a greater level
of precision in the respective underlying constructs at the positive ends. The two scales, however, had several
items that were weakly associated with their respective latent traits in the Chinese student sample. Boldness,
on the other hand, was found to be multidimensional, and reflected a more normally distributed range of
variation. The examination of measurement bias via differential item functioning analyses revealed that a
number of items of the TriPM were not equivalent across the Chinese and the U.S. samples. Some modification
and adaptation of items might be considered for improving the precision of the TriPM for Chinese participants.
113. Using latent variable- and person-centered approaches to examine the role of psychopathic traits in sex offenders
Authors Krstic, Sonja; Neumann, Craig S.; Roy, Sandeep; Robertson, Carrie A.; Knight, Raymond A.; Hare, Robert D.
PubMedID 28406657
Database PsycINFO
Page 57 of 68
Abstract The current study employed both latent variable- and person-centered approaches to examine psychopathic
traits in a large sample of sex offenders (N = 958). The offenders, who had committed a range of sexual crimes,
had been assessed with the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 2003). Structural equation modeling
results indicated that the four-factor model of psychopathy (Hare, 2003; Neumann, Hare, & Newman, 2007)
provided good representation of the dimensional nature of psychopathic traits across the sample of offenders,
and that the PCL-R factors significantly predicted sexual crimes. In particular, the Affective and Antisocial
psychopathy factors each predicted sexually violent crimes. Latent profile analysis results revealed evidence for
a 4-class solution, with the subtypes showing distinct PCL-R facet profiles, consistent with previous research.
The four subtypes were validated using sexual crime profiles. The prototypic psychopathy subtype (high on all 4
PCL-R facets) evidenced more violent sexual offenses than did the other subtypes. Taken together, the results
demonstrate how variable- and person-centered approaches in combination can add to our understanding of
the psychopathy construct and its correlates. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
114. Borderline personality disorder symptoms and affective responding to perceptions of rejection and acceptance from
romantic versus nonromantic partners
Authors Lazarus, Sophie A.; Scott, Lori N.; Beeney, Joseph E.; Wright, Aidan G. C.; Stepp, Stephanie D.; Pilkonis, Paul A.
PubMedID 29745698
Database PsycINFO
Abstract We examined event-contingent recording of daily interpersonal interactions in a diagnostically diverse sample
of 101 psychiatric outpatients who were involved in a romantic relationship. We tested whether the unique
effect of borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms on affective responses (i.e., hostility, sadness, guilt,
fear, and positive affect) to perceptions of rejection or acceptance differed with one’s romantic partner
compared with nonromantic partners. BPD symptoms were associated with more frequent perceptions of
rejection and less frequent perceptions of acceptance across the study. For all participants, perceptions of
rejecting behavior were associated with higher within-person negative affect and lower within-person positive
affect. As predicted, in interactions with romantic partners only, those with high BPD symptoms reported
heightened hostility and, to a lesser extent, attenuated sadness in response to perceptions of rejection. BPD
symptoms did not moderate associations between perceptions of rejection and guilt, fear, or positive affect
across romantic and nonromantic partners. For all participants, perceived acceptance was associated with
lower within-person negative affect and higher within-person positive affect. However, BPD symptoms were
associated with attenuated positive affect in response to perceptions of accepting behavior in interactions with
romantic partners only. BPD symptoms did not moderate associations between perceptions of acceptance and
any of the negative affects across romantic and nonromantic partners. This study highlights the specificity of
affective responses characteristic of BPD when comparisons are made with patients with other personality and
psychiatric disorders. Implications for romantic relationship dysfunction are discussed. (PsycINFO Database
115. Differentiating the everyday emotion dynamics of borderline personality disorder from major depressive disorder and
bipolar disorder
Authors Mneimne, Malek; Fleeson, William; Arnold, Elizabeth Mayfield; Furr, R. Michael
PubMedID 28557468
Database PsycINFO
Page 58 of 68
Abstract A major barrier to the understanding of emotion dynamics in borderline personality disorder (BPD) lies in its
substantial comorbidity with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Whereas BPD has
often been characterized in terms of dynamic emotional processes, including instability, reactivity, and inertia,
its substantial comorbidity with MDD and BD makes it difficult to discern the specificity of these dynamics. To
differentiate the emotion dynamics of BPD from those of MDD and BD, an experience sampling study of 38
participants with BPD, 15 participants with MDD, 14 participants with BD, and 62 healthy controls obtained
reports of interpersonal challenges and emotions 5 times daily for 2 weeks. Interpersonal challenges included
rejection, betrayal, abandonment, offense, disappointment, and self-image challenge; emotions included anger,
excitement, guilt, happiness, irritability, and shame. Multilevel analyses revealed that heightened interpersonal
reactivity of guilt and shame and heightened inertia of shame were relatively specific to BPD. These findings
could not be accounted for by the presence of current MDD or BD. By contrast, heightened instability of anger
and irritability and heightened inertia of irritability appeared to be largely transdiagnostic. Implications for
clinical assessment, research, and theory are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights
116. Borderline personality disorder and mental health care utilization: The role of self-harm
Authors Sansone, Randy A.; Sellbom, Martin; Songer, Douglas A.
PubMedID 28301180
Database PsycINFO
Abstract The current study examined the associations for borderline personality disorder (BPD) and a specific trait of the
disorder, self-harm, with mental health care utilization. Our sample consisted of 145 psychiatric inpatients who
completed 3 measures of BPD (Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 [PDQ-4], McLean Screening Inventory
for borderline personality disorder [MSI-BPD], Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–IV Axis II
Disorders–Personality Questionnaire [SCID-II-PQ]) and the Self-Harm Inventory (SHI). In relationship to
mental health care utilization, the correlation for the SHI was significantly larger than those for the PDQ-4,
MSI-BPD, or SCID-II-PQ. Thus, self-harm was significantly better at detecting mental health care utilization
than was the overall BPD construct, which indicates that some of the more severe manifestations of the
disorder are the most predictive of impairment in functioning. These findings also call into question whether
BPD (and by extension, personality pathology in general) is most useful in these symptom constellations as
opposed to focusing on specific maladaptive traits. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights
117. Identification of mental states and interpersonal functioning in borderline personality disorder
Authors Berenson, Kathy R.; Dochat, Cara; Martin, Christiana G.; Yang, Xiao; Rafaeli, Eshkol; Downey, Geraldine
PubMedID 27831693
Database PsycINFO
Page 59 of 68
Abstract Atypical identification of mental states in the self and others has been proposed to underlie interpersonal
difficulties in borderline personality disorder (BPD), yet no previous empirical research has directly examined
associations between these constructs. We examine 3 mental state identification measures and their
associations with experience-sampling measures of interpersonal functioning in participants with BPD relative
to a healthy comparison (HC) group. We also included a clinical comparison group diagnosed with avoidant
personality disorder (APD) to test the specificity of this constellation of difficulties to BPD. When categorizing
blended emotional expressions, the BPD group identified anger at a lower threshold than did the HC and APD
groups, but no group differences emerged in the threshold for identifying happiness. These results are
consistent with enhanced social threat identification and not general negativity biases in BPD. The Reading the
Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) showed no group differences in general mental state identification abilities.
Alexithymia scores were higher in both BPD and APD relative to the HC group, and difficulty identifying one’s
own emotions was higher in BPD compared to APD and HC. Within the BPD group, lower RMET scores were
associated with lower anger identification thresholds and higher alexithymia scores. Moreover, lower anger
identification thresholds, lower RMET scores, and higher alexithymia scores were all associated with greater
levels of interpersonal difficulties in daily life. Research linking measures of mental state identification with
experience-sampling measures of interpersonal functioning can help clarify the role of mental state
identification in BPD symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal
abstract)
118. The effect of therapist use of validation strategies on change in client emotion in individual dbt treatment sessions
Authors Carson-Wong, Amanda; Hughes, Christopher D.; Rizvi, Shireen L.
PubMedID 27918168
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a treatment for borderline personality disorder, a disorder for which
emotion dysregulation is central. Within DBT, there are 6 explicitly defined validation strategies that range
hierarchically from validation level (VL) 1 to VL 6. To date, there have been no studies on the frequency of use of
VLs in actual DBT sessions. The aim of the current study was to explore DBT therapists’ use of VLs and examine
the relationship between VLs and change in a client emotion during therapy sessions. DBT treatment sessions
(n = 121) across 35 participants in a DBT training clinic were coded for therapist use of VLs. A repeated-
measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess for change in therapist use of VLs over time and
hierarchical linear modeling was used to correlate therapist use of these strategies with change in client
emotion. Results indicated no significant relationship between overall frequency of VLs and change in client
emotion. However, an increase in frequency of high VLs was associated with an increase in positive affect (PA)
and a decrease in negative affect (NA) while an increase in frequency of low VLs was associated with a decrease
in PA and no change in NA. An increase in frequency of VL 4 was associated with an increase in NA. VL 6 was
associated with an increase in PA and a decrease in NA. Findings suggest that specific validation strategies may
be related to session changes in affect and have implications for identifying potential mechanisms of change.
119. Words matter: Implementing the electronically activated recorder in schizotypy

Authors Minor, Kyle S.; Davis, Beshaun J.; Marggraf, Matthew P.; Luther, Lauren; Robbins, Megan L.
PubMedID 29215902
Database PsycINFO
Page 60 of 68
Abstract In schizophrenia-spectrum populations, analyzing the words people use has offered promise for unlocking
information about affective states and social behaviors. The electronically activated recorder (EAR) is an
application-based program that is combined with widely used smartphone technology to capture a person’s
real-world interactions via audio recordings. It improves on the ecological validity of current methodologies by
providing objective and naturalistic samples of behavior. This study is the first to implement the EAR in people
endorsing elevated traits of schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorders (i.e., schizotypy), and we expected
the EAR to (a) differentiate high and low schizotypy groups on affective disturbances and social engagement
and (b) show that high schizotypy status moderates links between affect and social behavior using a
multimethod approach. Lexical analysis of EAR recordings revealed greater negative affect and decreased
social engagement in those high in schizotypy. When assessing specific traits, EAR and ecological momentary
assessment (EMA) converged to show that positive schizotypy predicted negative affect. Finally, high
schizotypy status moderated links between negative affect and social engagement when the EAR was combined
with EMA. Adherence did not influence results, as both groups wore the EAR more than 90% of their waking
hours. Findings supported using the EAR to assess real-world expressions of personality and functioning in
schizotypy. Evidence also showed that the EAR can be used alongside EMA to provide a mixed-method, real-
world assessment that is high in ecological validity and offers a window into the daily lives of those with
elevated traits of schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all
120. Callousness and affective face processing in adults: Behavioral and brain-potential indicators
Authors Brislin, Sarah J.; Yancey, James R.; Perkins, Emily R.; Palumbo, Isabella M.; Drislane, Laura E.; Salekin, Randall T.;
Fanti, Kostas A.; Kimonis, Eva R.; Frick, Paul J.; Blair, R. James R.; Patrick, Christopher J.
PubMedID 28095001
Database PsycINFO
Abstract The investigation of callous-unemotional (CU) traits has been central to contemporary research on child
behavior problems, and served as the impetus for inclusion of a specifier for conduct disorder in the latest
edition of the official psychiatric diagnostic system. Here, we report results from 2 studies that evaluated the
construct validity of callousness as assessed in adults, by testing for affiliated deficits in behavioral and neural
processing of fearful faces, as have been shown in youthful samples. We hypothesized that scores on an
established measure of callousness would predict reduced recognition accuracy and diminished electocortical
reactivity for fearful faces in adult participants. In Study 1, 66 undergraduate participants performed an
emotion recognition task in which they viewed affective faces of different types and indicated the emotion
expressed by each. In Study 2, electrocortical data were collected from 254 adult twins during viewing of fearful
and neutral face stimuli, and scored for event-related response components. Analyses of Study 1 data revealed
that higher callousness was associated with decreased recognition accuracy for fearful faces specifically. In
Study 2, callousness was associated with reduced amplitude of both N170 and P200 responses to fearful faces.
Current findings demonstrate for the first time that callousness in adults is associated with both behavioral and
physiological deficits in the processing of fearful faces. These findings support the validity of the CU construct
with adults and highlight the possibility of a multidomain measurement framework for continued study of this
important clinical construct. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal
abstract)
121. Childhood maltreatment in women with borderline personality disorder, chronic depression, and episodic depression, and
in healthy controls
Authors Brakemeier, Eva-Lotta; Dobias, Jana; Hertel, Julia; Bohus, Martin; Limberger, Matthias F.; Schramm, Elisabeth;
Radtke, Martina; Frank, Patrick; Padberg, Frank; Sabass, Lena; Jobst, Andrea; Jacob, Gitta A.; Struck, Nele;
Zimmermann, Johannes; Normann, Claus
Source Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; 2018; vol. 87 (no. 1); p. 49-51
Publication Date 2018
Publication Type(s) Journal Peer Reviewed Journal Letter
PubMedID 29306947
Database PsycINFO
Page 61 of 68
Abstract Presents a study which aims to elucidate the presence of childhood maltreatment (CM) in women with
borderline personality disorder (BPD), chronic depression, and episodic depression, and in healthy controls
(HC). This study investigated self-reported CM in specific mental disorders known to be associated with a
history of CM in comparison with a HC group. Several limitations, such as the pooled design, the moderate
sample sizes of the groups, the all-female sample, the lack of comprehensive assessment batteries, the potential
comorbidity of depression within the BPD sample, and the exclusive use of self-reports of CM without having
included loss experiences, hamper the interpretation of the data. By tailoring psychotherapy to the specific
needs of patients with a history of CM, efficacy of treatment for these patients might increase. (PsycINFO
122. Personality pathology and relationship satisfaction in dating and married couples
Authors Decuyper, Mieke; Gistelinck, Fien; Vergauwe, Jasmine; Pancorbo, Gina; De Fruyt, Filip
PubMedID 27775412
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Personality disorders (PDs) are inherently associated with deficits in relating to other people. Previous research
has shown consistent negative associations between categorical PD symptoms and relationship satisfaction.
The present studies extend on these findings by examining the role of maladaptive traits in a number of ways.
Self- and partner-reported maladaptive traits of both partners are included. Moreover, the present studies add
a couple-centered approach by investigating the effects of actual similarity, perceptual similarity, and
perceptual accuracy of the maladaptive trait profile on relationship satisfaction. PDs are conceptualized using 2
dimensional maladaptive trait models, that is, the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology—Basic
Questionnaire in Study 1 and the Personality Inventory for DSM–5 in Study 2. A total of 167 heterosexual
couples participated in Study 1 and 52 heterosexual couples in Study 2. The actor–partner interdependence
model was used to examine the associations between traits and relationship satisfaction, whereas the
coefficient of profile agreement was used for the couple-centered analyses. Overall, results showed that the
presence of maladaptive traits within romantic relationships has a detrimental effect on relationship
satisfaction. Self-ratings on maladaptive traits, how we perceive our partners, and how we are perceived by our
partners on maladaptive traits make significant contributions to our relationship (dis)satisfaction. Among the
maladaptive traits, negative affect and detachment were most consistently negatively associated with
relationship satisfaction. The couple-centered perspective showed less explanatory value but nontrivial
associations between perceptual similarity and relationship satisfaction were found in Study 2. (PsycINFO
123. Borderline personality pathology and physical health: The role of employment
Authors Cruitt, Patrick J.; Boudreaux, Michael J.; Jackson, Joshua J.; Oltmanns, Thomas F.
PubMedID 27657166
Database PsycINFO
Page 62 of 68
Abstract Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with negative physical health outcomes. Clinical case
studies suggest that employment status may buffer against the negative effects of BPD on physical health. The
goal of the current study was to examine the interaction between BPD features and employment status in
predicting subjective perceptions of physical health. We hypothesized that employment status would moderate
the relationship between BPD features and physical health, such that individuals who are employed would
exhibit a weaker negative relationship between BPD features and self- and informant ratings of physical health.
We investigated this question using data from a community sample of 1,630 middle-aged to older adults
participating in the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network, an ongoing study of personality, health, and aging.
Results indicated that employment status and BPD features were significant predictors of both self- and
informant ratings of physical health. Confirming our hypothesis, the interaction term contributed to a
significant increase in the proportion of explained variance, suggesting that employment is associated with a
weaker negative relationship between BPD features and physical health. These findings highlight the
importance of examining occupational functioning in the long-term course of BPD and offer avenues for further
research into moderators of the relationship between BPD features and physical health. (PsycINFO Database
124. Social disadvantage and borderline personality disorder: A study of social networks
Authors Beeney, Joseph E.; Hallquist, Michael N.; Clifton, Allan D.; Lazarus, Sophie A.; Pilkonis, Paul A.
PubMedID 27936840
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Examining differences in social integration, social support, and relationship characteristics in social networks
may be critical for understanding the character and costs of the social difficulties experienced of borderline
personality disorder (BPD). We conducted an ego-based (self-reported, individual) social network analysis of
142 participants recruited from clinical and community sources. Each participant listed the 30 most significant
people (called alters) in their social network, then rated each alter in terms of amount of contact, social support,
attachment strength and negative interactions. In addition, measures of social integration were determined
using participant’s report of the connection between people in their networks. BPD was associated with poorer
social support, more frequent negative interactions, and less social integration. Examination of alter-by-BPD
interactions indicated that whereas participants with low BPD symptoms had close relationships with people
with high centrality within their networks, participants with high BPD symptoms had their closest relationships
with people less central to their networks. The results suggest that individuals with BPD are at a social
disadvantage: Those with whom they are most closely linked (including romantic partners) are less socially
connected (i.e., less central) within their social network. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights
125. Evaluating the DSM–5 Section III personality disorder impairment criteria
Authors Anderson, Jaime L.; Sellbom, Martin
PubMedID 27618341
Database PsycINFO
Page 63 of 68
Abstract The majority of research on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM–5)
Section III alternative model for personality disorders (PDs) has addressed the dimensional traits proposed in
Criterion B, while limited research has evaluated Section III functional impairment criteria. The current study
evaluated Section III impairment specific to the 6 personality disorder diagnoses included in the Section III
model in a sample of 347 undergraduates. We evaluated the factor structure of disorder-specific impairment;
their associations with other measures of impairment, Section III traits, and Section II PD symptoms; as well as
the incremental utility of impairment above and beyond traits in predicting Section II PD symptoms. Factor
analyses indicated limited support for the 2 domain and 4 subfacet levels of impairment, but showed some
support for disorder-specific impairment. Furthermore, disorder-specific impairment was associated with other
measures of functional impairment, Section II PD symptoms, and Section III traits with a generally good degree
of convergence. However, these findings showed a lack of discriminant validity, suggesting a lack of utility in
measuring disorder-specific impairment, as opposed to more broadly evaluating an individual’s level of
functional impairment. Finally, impairment only added incremental utility to traits in predicting Section II
Avoidant PD. By and large, these findings suggested mixed support for disorder-specific impairment as
presented in Criterion A and raised additional questions regarding the utility of impairment when paired with
dimensional personality traits. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal
abstract)
126. Mentalizing as a mechanism of change in the treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder: A parallel process
growth modeling approach
Authors De Meulemeester, Celine; Vansteelandt, Kristof; Luyten, Patrick; Lowyck, Benedicte
PubMedID 28569524
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Although a number of effective psychotherapeutic treatments have been developed for borderline personality
disorder (BPD), little is known about the mechanisms of change explaining the effects of these treatments.
There is increasing evidence that impairments in mentalizing or reflective functioning—the capacity to reflect
on the internal mental states of the self and others—are a central feature of BPD. To date, no study has directly
investigated the core assumption of the mentalization-based approach to BPD, that changes in this capacity are
associated with treatment outcome in BPD patients. This study is the first to directly investigate this
assumption in a sample of 175 patients with BPD who received long-term hospitalization-based psychodynamic
treatment. Using a parallel process growth modeling approach, this study investigated whether (a) treatment
was related to changes in mentalizing capacity as measured with the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire; (b)
these changes could be explained by pretreatment levels of mentalizing and/or symptomatic distress; and (c)
changes in mentalizing capacity over time were associated with symptomatic improvement. Mentalizing and
symptomatic distress were assessed at admission, 12 and 24 weeks into treatment, and at discharge. Results
showed that treatment was associated with significant decreases in mentalizing impairments (i.e., uncertainty
about mental states) and symptomatic distress. Pretreatment levels of mentalizing and symptomatic distress
did not predict these changes. However, improvements in mentalizing were strongly associated with the rate of
decrease in symptomatic distress over time (r = .89). These findings suggest that increases in mentalizing may
indeed in part explain therapeutic change in the treatment of BPD, but more research is needed to further
substantiate these conclusions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal
abstract)
127. Applying causal mediation analysis to personality disorder research

Authors Walters, Glenn D.
Database PsycINFO
Page 64 of 68
Abstract This article is designed to address fundamental issues in the application of causal mediation analysis to research
on personality disorders. Causal mediation analysis is used to identify mechanisms of effect by testing variables
as putative links between the independent and dependent variables. As such, it would appear to have relevance
to personality disorder research. It is argued that proper implementation of causal mediation analysis requires
that investigators take several factors into account. These factors are discussed under 5 headings: variable
selection, model specification, significance evaluation, effect size estimation, and sensitivity testing. First, care
must be taken when selecting the independent, dependent, mediator, and control variables for a mediation
analysis. Some variables make better mediators than others and all variables should be based on reasonably
reliable indicators. Second, the mediation model needs to be properly specified. This requires that the data for
the analysis be prospectively or historically ordered and possess proper causal direction. Third, it is imperative
that the significance of the identified pathways be established, preferably with a nonparametric bootstrap
resampling approach. Fourth, effect size estimates should be computed or competing pathways compared.
Finally, investigators employing the mediation method are advised to perform a sensitivity analysis. Additional
topics covered in this article include parallel and serial multiple mediation designs, moderation, and the
relationship between mediation and moderation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
128. Current directions in laboratory studies of personality pathology: Examples from borderline personality disorder,
psychopathy, and schizotypy
Authors Matusiewicz, Alexis K.; McCauley, Katherine L.; McCarthy, Julie M.; Bounoua, Nadia; Lejuez, C. W.
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Much of the earliest research on personality pathology was observational and descriptive in nature, drawing
heavily on subjective self-reports, however, the last 20 years have seen a surge of interest in laboratory-based
studies. Laboratory research offers a number of benefits for researchers interested in personality disorders and
personality pathology including the opportunities to use objective performance-based and behavioral
measures, reveal the neuropsychological and biobehavioral processes that may help shape the experience and
behavior of individuals with personality disorders, and create experimental designs that allow researchers to
systematically explore the effect of context on emotional, behavioral and cognitive responding. Along with
these benefits, laboratory research on personality disorders has its share of methodological and interpretive
challenges and raise several key questions, including (a) How should we interpret findings that diverge from
theory-driven predictions? (b) How do we reconcile discrepant results from subjective and performance-based
assessments? and (c) Are these discrepancies due to methodological artifact, a hallmark of the disorder, or
cause for theoretical reconsideration? The goal of this article is to review studies aimed at answering a key
research question in the domains of borderline personality disorder, psychopathy, and schizotypy. Our review
highlights significant progress in laboratory research on personality disorders, and identifies challenges that
must be addressed to capitalize on the promise of laboratory methods. It is our hope that future experimental
work proceeds with an eye toward theoretical coherence, methodological rigor, ecological validity, and clinical
utility. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
129. PDTRT special section: Methodological issues in personality disorder research

Authors Widiger, Thomas A.
Source Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment; Jan 2018; vol. 9 (no. 1); p. 1
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Provides an introduction to the ongoing Special Section of Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and
Treatment. This special section is concerned with methodological issues in personality disorder research. This
fourth edition of this series includes two articles which should be excellent resources for future research and
manuscripts submitted to this journal. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
130. Antisocial personality as a neurodevelopmental disorder

Authors Raine, Adrian
Source Annual Review of Clinical Psychology; 2018; vol. 14 ; p. 259-289
Publication Date 2018
Page 65 of 68

PubMedID 29401045
Database PsycINFO
Abstract Although antisocial personality disorder (APD) is one of the most researched personality disorders, it is still
surprisingly resistant to treatment. This lack of clinical progress may be partly due to the failure to view APD as
a neurodevelopmental disorder and to consider early interventions. After first defining what constitutes a
neurodevelopmental disorder, this review evaluates the extent to which APD meets neurodevelopmental
criteria, covering structural and functional brain imaging, neurocognition, genetics and epigenetics,
neurochemistry, and early health risk factors. Prevention and intervention strategies for APD are then outlined,
focusing on addressing early biological and health systems, followed by forensic and clinical implications. It is
argued both that APD meets criteria for consideration as a neurodevelopmental disorder and that
consideration should be given both to the possibility that early onset conduct disorder is neurodevelopmental
in nature, and also to the inclusion of psychopathy as a specifier in future Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
revisions of APD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
Page 66 of 68
Strategy 805402
# Database Search term Results
1 PsycINFO (JAMA Psychiatry).jn 8462
2 PsycINFO (World Psychiatry).jn 218
3 PsycINFO (Annual Review of Clinical Psychology).jn 289
4 PsycINFO (Lancet Psychiatry).jn 1493
5 PsycINFO (The American Journal of Psychiatry).jn 21986
6 PsycINFO (Clinical Psychology Review).jn 2009
7 PsycINFO (Health Psychology Review).jn 312
8 PsycINFO ("Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics").jn 3139
10 PsycINFO (19492723).is 524
11 PsycINFO (19492715).is 524
12 PsycINFO (1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR 7 OR 8 OR 10 OR 11) 38432
13 PsycINFO ("personality disorder*").ti 13234
14 PsycINFO ("disordered personalit*").ti 33
15 PsycINFO (13 OR 14) 13263
16 PsycINFO (12 AND 15) 878
17 PsycINFO 16 [DT 2018-2020] 77
*"PERSONALITY DISORDERS"/ OR *"ANTISOCIAL

PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR *"AVOIDANT PERSONALITY
DISORDER"/ OR *"BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER"/
OR *"DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR
*"HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR *"NARCISSISTIC
19 PsycINFO PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR *"OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE 37743
PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR *"PARANOID PERSONALITY
DISORDER"/ OR *"PASSIVE AGGRESSIVE PERSONALITY
DISORDER"/ OR *"SADOMASOCHISTIC PERSONALITY"/ OR
*"SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER"/ OR *"SCHIZOTYPAL
PERSONALITY DISORDER"/
20 PsycINFO (15 OR 19) 39012
21 PsycINFO (12 AND 20) 2238
Page 67 of 68
22 PsycINFO 21 [DT 2018-2020] 130
Page 68 of 68

Feb 2020 12th PD in Title and Major Descriptor of Articles From Selected Journals

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Feb 2020 12th PD in Title and Major Descriptor of Articles From Selected Journals

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HDAS Export 12 Feb 20 - 17:26

Search Strategy PD journal checks

Strategy 805402/22 See full search strategy

# Database Search term Results

(((JAMA Psychiatry).jn OR (World Psychiatry).jn OR (Annual

Contents 130 of 130 results on PsycINFO - (((JAMA Psychiatry).jn OR (World

45. Emotional modulation of the pupil response in psychopathy ............................................................................................................................ Page 27

52. Beyond the borderline ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 30

61. "Subtyping insomnia disorder": Authors' reply ....................................................................................................................................................... Page 34

62. Subtyping insomnia disorder........................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 34

63. Subtyping insomnia disorder........................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 34

87. Hervey Cleckley (1903–1984): Contributions to the study of psychopathy............................................................................................... Page 45

104. Dimensional conceptualizations of impulsivity .................................................................................................................................................... Page 53

130. Antisocial personality as a neurodevelopmental disorder ............................................................................................................................... Page 65

Full search strategy .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Page 67

Results 130 of 130 results on PsycINFO - (((JAMA Psychiatry).jn OR (World Psychiatry).jn

1. Romantic attachment style and borderline personality pathology: A meta-analysis

17. Opioid use in pregnancy: Borderline features and Hepatitis C virus

22. A meta-analysis of treatment as usual for borderline personality disorder

28. Level of personality functioning as a predictor of psychosocial functioning—Concurrent validity of criterion A

45. Emotional modulation of the pupil response in psychopathy

51. Problems with the ICD-11 classification of personality disorder

52. Beyond the borderline

Authors Dowgwillo, Emily A.; Pincus, Aaron L.; Lenzenweger, Mark F.

57. The trait-type dialectic: Opportunities, challenges, and constructive dialogue

61. "Subtyping insomnia disorder": Authors' reply

62. Subtyping insomnia disorder

63. Subtyping insomnia disorder

84. Introduction of the DSM-5 levels of Personality Functioning Questionnaire

87. Hervey Cleckley (1903–1984): Contributions to the study of psychopathy

99. Predictors of substance use in youth with borderline personality disorder

104. Dimensional conceptualizations of impulsivity

107. Progress in developing a classification of personality disorders for ICD-11

119. Words matter: Implementing the electronically activated recorder in schizotypy

127. Applying causal mediation analysis to personality disorder research

129. PDTRT special section: Methodological issues in personality disorder research

130. Antisocial personality as a neurodevelopmental disorder

Publication Type(s) Journal Peer Reviewed Journal Journal Article

# Database Search term Results

1 PsycINFO (JAMA Psychiatry).jn 8462

2 PsycINFO (World Psychiatry).jn 218

3 PsycINFO (Annual Review of Clinical Psychology).jn 289

4 PsycINFO (Lancet Psychiatry).jn 1493

5 PsycINFO (The American Journal of Psychiatry).jn 21986

6 PsycINFO (Clinical Psychology Review).jn 2009

7 PsycINFO (Health Psychology Review).jn 312

8 PsycINFO ("Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics").jn 3139

10 PsycINFO (19492723).is 524

11 PsycINFO (19492715).is 524

12 PsycINFO (1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR 7 OR 8 OR 10 OR 11) 38432

13 PsycINFO ("personality disorder*").ti 13234

14 PsycINFO ("disordered personalit*").ti 33

15 PsycINFO (13 OR 14) 13263

16 PsycINFO (12 AND 15) 878

17 PsycINFO 16 [DT 2018-2020] 77

*"PERSONALITY DISORDERS"/ OR *"ANTISOCIAL

20 PsycINFO (15 OR 19) 39012

21 PsycINFO (12 AND 20) 2238

22 PsycINFO 21 [DT 2018-2020] 130

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"PERSONALITY DISORDERS"/ OR "ANTISOCIAL