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TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

363 P. Casal Street, Quiapo, Manila

SOIL MECHANICS
CE 401
CE41FA2

QUIZ
Final

Submitted By:
1812635` LOMIO, NORBERT KENNETH E.

Submitted to:
ENGR. HANS LAWRENCE E. DELA CRUZ
INSTRUCTOR

Date Submitted:
MARCH 19, 2020
1 | PROBLEM
kN
THE MOIST UNIT WEIGHT OF A SOIL IS 18.5 . IF THE WATER CONTENT IS 18% AND
m3
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF SOIL IS 2.7, DETERMINE THE FOLLOWING:
A. DRY UNIT WEIGHT
B. POROSITY
kg
C. MASS OF WATER IN 3 TO BE ADDED TO REACH FULL SATURATION
m

GIVEN:
kN
γM = 18.5
m3
ꞷ = 18%
GS = 2.7

SOLUTION:
A. DRY UNIT WEIGHT
γ
γD = M
1+ ꞷ
kN
18.5 3
γD = m
1+0.18
kN
γ D = 15.68 3
m

B. POROSITY
Gs
γD = γ
1+ e W
kN 2.7 kN
15.68 3 = (9.81 3 )
m 1+ e m
e = 0.689
e
n=
1+ e
0.689
n=
1+ 0.689
n = 0.408

kg
C. MASS OF WATER IN TO BE ADDED TO REACH FULL SATURATION
m3
G S +e
γSAT = γ
1+ e W
2.7+0.689 kN
γSAT = (9.81 3 )
1+0.689 m
kN
γSAT =19.68
m3
kN kN 1000 N
(19.68 −18.5 3 )( )
m 3
m 1 kN
M+WATER=
m
9.81 2
s
kg
M +WATER= 120.42 3
m

2 | PROBLEM
kg
THE DRY DENSITY OF A SAND WITH A POROSITY OF 0.387 IS 1600 . DETERMINE
m3
THE FOLLOWING:
A. VOID RATIO
B. SPECIFIC GRAVITY
kN
C. SATURATED UNIT WEIGHT IN
m3

GIVEN:
n = 0.387
kg
ρ = 1600
m3
SOLUTION:

A. VOID RATIO
e
n=
1+ e
e
0.387 =
1+ e
e = 0.631

B. SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Gs
γD = γ
1+ e W
Gs
ρD= ρ
1+ e W
kg GS kg
1600 3 = (1000 3 )
m 1+ 0.631 m
G S = 2.61
kN
C. SATURATED UNIT WEIGHT IN
m3
G S +e
γSAT = γ
1+ e W
2.61+ 0.631 kN
γSAT = (9.81 3 )
1+ 0.631 m
kN
γ SAT = 19.49 3
m

3 | PROBLEM
IN ITS NATURAL STATE, A MOIST SOIL HAS A VOLUME OF 0.00935 M 3 AND WEIGHS 178
N. THE OVEN DRIED WEIGHT OF THE SOIL IS 154 N. IF GS=2.67, DETERMINE THE
FOLLOWING:
A. MOISTURE CONTENT
B. MOIST UNIT WEIGHT
C. DRY UNIT WEIGHT
D. VOID RATIO

GIVEN:
V = 0.00935 M3
WM = 178 N
WM = 154 N
GS = 2.67

SOLUTION:
A. MOISTURE CONTENT
W water
ꞷ= X 100%
W solid
178 N −154 N
ꞷ= X 100%
154 N
ꞷ = 15.58%

B. MOISTURE UNIT WEIGHT


Wm
γM =
V
178 N
γM =
0.00935 m3
N
γ M = 19037.43 3
m
γM = 10.04 𝒌𝑵𝒎𝟑

C. DRY UNIT WEIGHT


W
γD = d
V
154 N
γD =
0.00935 m3
N
γD = 16470.59 3
m
kN
γD = 16.47 3
m

D. VOID RATIO
G
γD = S γ W
1+ e
kN 2.67 kN
16.47 3 = (9.81 3 )
m 1+ e m
e = 0.590

4 | PROBLEM
FOR A SATURATED SOIL, THE FOLLOWING ARE GIVEN: WATER CONTENT = 23%, G S =
2.67. DETERMINE THE FOLLOWING:
A. SATURATED UNIT WEIGHT
B. DRY UNIT WEIGHT
C. MOIST UNIT WEIGHT WHEN THE DEGREE OF SATURATION BECOMES 70%

GIVEN:
ꞷ = 23%
GS = 2.67

SOLUTION:
A. SATURATED UNIT WEIGHT
Se = GSꞷ
G ꞷ
S= S
e
2.67(23 %)
100% =
e
e = 0.614
G +e
γSAT = S γ W
1+ e
2.67+0.614 kN
γSAT = ( 9.81 3 )
1+0.614 m
kN
γSAT = 19.96 3
m

B. DRY UNIT WEIGHT


Gs
γD = γ
1+ e W
2.67 kN
γD = (9.81 3 )
1+ 0.614 m
kN
γD = 16.23 3
m

C. MOIST UNIT WEIGHT WHEN THE DEGREE OF SATURATION BECOMES 70%


G + se
γM = S γ
1+ e W
(2.67+ 0.70 ( 0.614 ) ) kN
γM = (9.81 3 )
1+0.614 m
kN
γM = 18.84 3
m

5 | PROBLEM
kg
THE DRY DENSITY OF A SOIL IS 1750 . GS = 2.66. DETERMINE THE FOLLOWING:
m3
A. MOISTURE CONTENT WHEN IT IS SATURATED
B. SATURATED UNIT WEIGHT
kN
C. EFFECTIVE UNIT WEIGHT OF SOIL IN 3
m

GIVEN:
kg
ρD = 1750
m3
GS = 2.66
SOLUTION:
A. MOISTURE CONTENT WHEN IT IS SATURATED
G ρ
ρD = S W
1+e
kg
kg 2.66(1000 3 )
1750 3 = m
m
1+ e
e = 0.52
Se = GSꞷ
Se
ꞷ=
GS
100 %(0.52)
ꞷ=
2.66
ꞷ = 19.55%

B. SATURATED UNIT WEIGHT


G +e
γSAT = S γ W
1+ e
2.66+0.52 kN
γSAT = (9.81 3 )
1+0.52 m
kN
γ SAT = 20.52 3
m

kN
C. EFFECTIVE UNIT WEIGHT OF SOIL IN
m3
γSUB = γSAT - γW
kN kN
γSUB = 20.52 3 – 9.81 3
m m
kN
γ SUB = 10.71 3
m

6 | PROBLEM
FOLLOWING ARE THE RESULTS OF A SHRINKAGE LIMIT TEST:
INITIAL VOLUME OF SOIL IN A SATURATED STATE = 24.6 cm3
FINAL VOLUME OF SOIL IN A DRY STATE = 15.9 cm3
INITIAL MASS IN A SATURATED STATE = 44 g
FINAL MASS IN A DRY STATE = 30.1 g
GS = 2.70
DETERMINE THE FOLLOWING:
A. SHRINKAGE LIMIT OF THE SOIL
B. SATURATED UNIT WEIGHT IF e = 0.467
C. DRY UNIT WEIGHT

GIVEN:
V1 = 24.6 cc
V2 = 15.9 cc
m1 = 44 g
m2 = 30.1 g
GS = 2.70

SOLUTION:
A. SHRIKAGE LIMIT OF THE SOIL
m1 −m 2 V −V 2
SL = ( 100 )− 1 ( ρw )(100)
m2 m2
44 g−30.1 g 24.6 cc−15.9cc g
SL = ( − (1 ))(100%)
30.1 g 30.1 g cc
SL = 17.28%

B. SATURATED UNIT WEIGHT


G +e
γSAT = S γ W
1+ e
2.70+0.467 kN
γSAT = (9.81 3 )
1+ 0.467 m
kN
γ SAT = 21.18 3
m

C. DRY UNIT WEIGHT


G
γD = S γ W
1+ e
2.70 kN
γD = (9.81 3 )
1+ 0.467 m
kN
γD = 18.06 3
m

7 | PROBLEM
A SOIL SAMPLE WAS DETERMINE IN THE LABORATORY TO HAVE A LIQUID LIIT OF
41% AND A PLASTIC LIMIT OF 21.1%. IF THE WATER CONTENT IS 30%, DETERMINE THE
FOLLOWING:
A. PLASTICITY INDEX
B. LIQUIDITY INDEX
C. WHAT IS THE CHARACTERISTIC OF SOIL?
I. LIQUID
II. PLASTIC
III. DENSE
IV. BRITTLE SOLID

GIVEN:
LL = 41%
PL = 21.1%
ꞷ = 30%

SOLUTION:
A. PLASTICITY INDEX
PI = LL - PL
PI = 41 - 21.1
PI = 19.9

B. LIQUIDITY INDEX
ꞷ−PL
LI =
¿−PL
30−21.1
LI =
41−21.1
LI = 0.447

C. CHARACTERISTIC OF SOIL?
NOTE:
LI < 0 - BRITTLE SOLID
0 < LI < 1 - PLASTIC
LI > 1 -LIQUID
SINCE LI = 0.447 < 1, IT IS PLASTIC
8 | PROBLEM
A LIQUID LIMIT TEST IS CONDUCTED ON A SOIL SAMPLE IN THE CUP DEVICE GAVE
THE FOLLOWING RESULTS:
NUMBER OF BLOWS 11 20 24 28 41
WATER CONTENT (%) 62.0 47.2 41.8 38.5 27.2
TWO DETERMINATIONS FOR THE PLASTIC LIMIT GAVE WATER CONTENTS OF 23.3%
ANDD 23.8%.
A. DETERMINE THE LIQUID LIMIT
B. DETERMINE THE PLASTIC LIMIT
C. IF THE NATURAL WATER CONTENT IS 27.4%, DETERMINE THE LIQUIDITY INIDEX.

GIVEN:
NUMBER OF BLOWS 11 20 24 28 41
WATER CONTENT (%) 62.0 47.2 41.8 38.5 27.2

SOLUTION:
A. LIQUID LIMIT
USING INTERPOLATION:
41.8−38.5 ¿−38.5
=
log 24−log 28 log 25−log28
LL = 40.93%

B. PLASTIC LIMIT
T +T
PL = 1 2
2
23.2+ 23.8
PL =
2
PL = 23.55%

C. LIQUIDITY INDEX
ꞷ−PL
LI =
¿−PL
27.4−23.55
LI =
40.93−23.55
LI = 0.22
9 | PROBLEM
GIVEN THE LABORATORY RESULTS OF THE ATTERBERG’S LIMIT TEST IN THE
FIGURE, PLOT THE WATER CONTENT VERSUS THE NUMBER OF BLOWS.
A. DETERMINE THE NEAREST VALUE OF LIQUID LIMIT OF SOIL.
B. DETERMINE THE NEAREST VALUE OF PLASTIC LIMIT OF SOIL.
C. DETERMINE THE NEAREST VALUE OF PLASTICITY INDEX OF SOIL.
D. DETERMINE THE NEAREST VALUE OF LIQUIDITY INDEX OF SOIL.

GIVEN:
A. PLASTIC LIMIT AND MOISTURE CONTENT
  PLASTIC LIMIT WATER CONTENT
TEST NUMBER 1 2 3 4
WT. OF WET SOIL + CONTAINER, g 34.92 34.96 28.35 27.97
WT. OF DRY SOIL + CONTAINER, g 31.96 32.04 25.48 25.63
WT. OF CONTAINER, g 18.9 18.95 15.5 15.55
WT. OF WATER, g
WT. OF DRY SOIL, g
WATER CONTENT, %
A. LIQUID LIMIT
TEST NUMBER 1 2 3 4
NUMBER OF BLOWS 39 30 21 15
WT. OF WET SOIL + CONTAINER, g 34.47 33.29 33.27 38.12
WT. OF DRY SOIL + CONTAINER, g 31.44 30.78 30.75 34.1
WT. OF CONTAINER, g 24.74 25.24 25.2 25.27
WT. OF WATER, g
WT. OF DRY SOIL, g
WATER CONTENT, %

SOLUTION:
WT. OF WATER = WT. OF WET SOIL + CONTAINER - WT. OF DRY SOIL + CONTAINER
WT. OF DRY SOIL = WT. OF DRY SOIL + CONTAINER – WT. OF CONTAINER
WT .OF WATER
WATER CONTENT = X 100%
WT . OF DRY SOIL
A. PLASTIC LIMIT AND MOISTURE CONTENT
  PLASTIC LIMIT WATER CONTENT
TEST NUMBER 1 2 3 4
WT. OF WET SOIL + CONTAINER, g 34.92 34.96 28.35 27.97
WT. OF DRY SOIL + CONTAINER, g 31.96 32.04 25.48 25.63
WT. OF CONTAINER, g 18.9 18.95 15.5 15.55
WT. OF WATER, g 2.96 2.92 2.87 2.34
WT. OF DRY SOIL, g 13.06 13.09 9.98 10.08
WATER CONTENT, % 22.66 22.31 28.76 23.21
A. LIQUID LIMIT
TEST NUMBER 1 2 3 4
NUMBER OF BLOWS 39 30 21 15
WT. OF WET SOIL + CONTAINER, g 34.47 33.29 33.27 38.12
WT. OF DRY SOIL + CONTAINER, g 31.44 30.78 30.75 34.1
WT. OF CONTAINER, g 24.74 25.24 25.2 25.27
WT. OF WATER, g 3.03 2.51 2.52 4.02
WT. OF DRY SOIL, g 6.7 5.54 5.55 8.83
WATER CONTENT, % 45.22 45.31 45.41 45.53
A. LIQUID LIMIT

FLOW CURVE
45.60
45.55
45.50
45.45
Water Content (%)

45.40
45.35
45.30
45.25
45.20
45.15
45.10
45.05
6.25 12.5 25 50
Number of Blows

USING THE FLOW CURVE, LIQUID LIMIT ≈ 45.36


USING INTERPOLATION,
45.31−45.41 45.31−¿
=
log 30−log 21 log 30−log25
LL = 45.36%

B. PLASTIC LIMIT
T +T
PL = 1 2
2
22.66+22.31
PL =
2
PL = 22.49%

C. PLATICITY INDEX
PI = LL – PL
PI = 45.36 – 22.49
PI = 22.87

D. LIQUIDITY INDEX
T +T
ꞷ= 1 2
2
28.76+23.21
ꞷ=
2
ꞷ = 25.99%
ꞷ−PL
LI =
¿−PL
25.99−22.49
LI =
45.36−22.49
LI = 0.153

10 | PROBLEM
RESULTS FROM LIQUID LIMIT AND PLASTIC LIMIT TESTS CONDUCTED ON A SOIL ARE
GIVEN BELOW:
NUMBER OF BLOWS 15 17 21 29
WATER CONTENT (%) 37.4 36.5 32.1 26.5
PLASTIC LIMIT TEST = 14.5%
A. DRAW THE FLOW CURVE AND OBTAIN THE LIQUID LIMIT
B. WHAT IS THE PLASTICITY INDEX OF THE SOIL?

GIVEN:
NUMBER OF BLOWS 15 17 21 29
WATER CONTENT (%) 37.4 36.5 32.1 26.5
PLASTIC LIMIT TEST = 14.5%

SOLUTION:
A. FLOW CURVE AND LIQUID LIMIT

FLOW CURVE
39

37
Water Content (%)

35

33

31

29

27

25
6.25 12.5 25 50
Number of Blows

USING THE FLOW CURVE, LIQUID LIMIT ≈ 29%


USING INTERPOLATION,
32.1−26.5 32.1−¿
=
log 21−log 29 log 21−log 25
LL = 29.08%

B. PLASTICITY INDEX
PI = LL – PL
PI = 29.08 – 14.5
PI = 14.58

11 | PROBLEM
THE TABLE BELOW SHOWS THE LABORATORY RESULTS OF THE SIEVE ANALYSIS OF
A SAMPLE. PLOT THE GRAIN SIZE CURVE OF THE SOIL IN THE ATTACHED GRAPH AND
DETERMINE THE FOLLOWING:
SIEVE NO. DIAMETER (mm) PERCENT PASSING
4 4.750 90
8 2.360 64
10 2.000 58
20 0.850 35
40 0.425 22
60 0.250 15
100 0.150 10
200 0.075 4
A. COMPUTE THE NEAREST VALUE OF THE EFFECTIVE SIZE
B. COMPUTE THE NEAREST VALUE OF THE COEFFICIENT OF UNIFORMITY
C. CLASSIFY THE SOIL BY THE UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

SOLUTION:
A. D10
FROM THE TABLE, D10 = 0.15.

B. CU
D60
CU =
D10
USING INTERPOLATION
64−58 64−60
=
log 2.36−log2 log 2.36−log D 60
D60 = 2.113 mm
2.113
CU =
0.15
CU = 14.09

C. USCS
PASSING #200 SIEVE = 4% < 50% ∴COARSE-GRAINED SOIL
% GRAVEL (76.2 – 4.75) = 100% - 90% = 10% < 50%
% SAND (4.75 – 0.075) = 90% - 4% = 86% > 50% ∴SAND
% FINES = 4% > 5% ∴CLEAN SAND
CU = 14.09 > 6
CC = 1 < 1.337 <3 ∴THE SOIL IS SW
% GRAVEL = 10% < 15% ∴WELL GRADED SAND

12 | PROBLEM
THE FOLLOWING ARE THE RESULTS OF A SIEVE ANALYSIS.
SIEVE NO. DIAMETER (mm) MASS RETAINED
4 4.750 0
10 2.000 25.6
20 0.850 51.5
40 0.425 107.8
60 0.250 94.9
100 0.150 99.6
200 0.075 60.4
PAN - 31.2
A. PERFORM THE NECESSARY CALCULATIONS AND PLOT A GRAIN-SIZE
DISTRIBUTION CURVE
B. DETERMINE D10, D30, AND D60
C. CALCULATE CU AND CC

SOLUTION:
A. GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION CURVE

MASS CUMULATIV
SIEV OPENING, MASS PERCENT
RETAINED, E MASS
E NO. mm PASSING FINER
g RETAINED
4 4.75 0 0 471 100
10 2 25.6 25.6 445.4 94.56
20 0.85 51.5 77.1 393.9 83.63
40 0.425 107.8 184.9 286.1 60.74
60 0.25 94.9 279.8 191.2 40.59
100 0.15 99.6 379.4 91.6 19.45
200 0.075 60.4 439.8 31.2 6.62
PAN - 31.2 471 0 0
100
90
80
70

PERCENT FINER, %
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.05 0.5 5
PARTICLE DIAMETER, mm

B. D10, D30, AND D60


USING INTERPOLATION:
19.45−6.62 19.45−10
=
log 0.15−log 0.075 log 0.15−log D 60
D10 = 0.09 mm
40.59−19.45 40.59−30
=
log 0.25−log0.15 log 0.25−log D 30
D30 = 0.194 mm
60.74−40.59 60.74−60
=
log 0.425−log 0.25 log 0.425−log D 60
D60 = 0.246 mm

C. CU AND CC
D60
CU =
D10
0.246
CU =
0.09
C U = 2.733
D230
CC =
D10 D60
( 0.194 )2
CC =
(0.09)(0.246)
C C =1.70
13 | PROBLEM
THE PARTICLE SIZE CHARACTEROISTIC OF SOIL IS GIVEN IN THE TABLE
SOIL PARTICLE PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION, %
GRAVEL 25
SAND 14
SILT 35
CLAY 27
USING USDA METHOD,
A. COMPUTE THE MODIFIED PERCENTAGES OF SAND, SILT AND CLAY
B. CLASSIFY SOIL USING USDA TEXTURAL CLASSIFICATION

SOLUTION:
A. MODIFIED PERCENTAGE
14
% SAND = X 100%
14+35+27
% SAND = 18.42%
35
% SILT = X 100%
14+35+27
% SILT = 46.05%
27
% CLAY = X 100%
14+35+27
% CLAY = 35.53%

B. USDA TEXTURAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM


∴SOIL IS GRAVELLY SILTY CLAY LOAM

14 | PROBLEM
THE SIEVE ANALYSIS OF SOIL AND THE LIQUID LIMIT AND PLASTIC LIMIT OF THE
FRACTION PASSING NO. 40 SIEVE ARE GIVEN BELOW. USE AASHTO CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEM.
SIEVE NO. PERCENT FINER
10 87
40 45
200 20
LL 20
PL 13
GIVE THE CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL WITH ITS GROUP INDEX.

SOLUTION:
SOIL FALLS BELOW CATEGORY A-2-4.
NOTE THAT SOIL BELONGING TO GROUPS A-1-a, A-1-b, A-2-4, A-2-5 AND A-3 HAS A
GROUP INDEX EQUAL TO ZERO.
∴SOIL IS UNDER CATEGORY A-2-4 (0)

15 | PROBLEM
THE TABLE BELOW SHOWS THE LABORATORY RESULTS OF THE SIEVE ANALYSIS OF
A SAMPLE. PLOT THE GRAIN SIZE CURVE OF THE SOIL IN THE ATTACHED GRAPH AND
DETERMINE THE FOLLOWING:
SIEVE NO. DIAMETER (mm) PERCENT PASSING
4 4.750 100
8 2.360 100
10 2.000 99
20 0.850 96
40 0.425 83
60 0.250 74
100 0.150 63
200 0.075 59
THE LIQUID LIMIT AND PLASTIC LIMIT OF THE FRACTION PASSING NO. 40 SIEVE ARE
48% AND 25% RESPECTIVELY.
CLASSIFY THE SOIL BY THE UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

SOLUTION:
PASSING #200 SIEVE = 59% > 50% ∴FINE-GRAINED SOIL
LL = 28% < 50%
PI = 48% - 25% = 23% > 7%
A-LINE, (PI = 0.73(48% - 20%) = 20.44%
23% > 20.44% (PI PLOTS ABOVE A-LINE) ∴THE SOIL IS LEAN CLAY (CL)

∴SOIL IS CLASSIFIED AS SANDY LEAN CLAY.

16 | PROBLEM
THE RELATIVE COMPACTION OF A SAND IN THE FIELD IS 98.45%. THE MAXIMUM AND
kN kN
MINIMUM DRY UNIT WEIGHTS OF THE SAND ARE 15.9 3 AND 14.3 3 RESPECTIVELY.
m m
A. COMPUTE THE DRY UNIT WEIGHT IN THE FIELD.
B. FOR THE FIELD CONDITIONS, COMPUTE THE RELATIVE DENSITY OF
COMPACTION.

GIVEN:
kN
γD(MAX) = 15.9
m3
kN
γD(MIN) = 14.3 3
m
R% = 98.45%

SOLUTION:
A. DRY UNIT WEIGHT IN THE FIELD
USING INTERPOLATION:
R = γ D¿ ¿ ¿
γ DFIELD
0.9845 = kN
15.9 3
m
kN
γ D( FIELD) = 15.65 3
m

B. RELATIVE DENSITY OF COMPACTION


RO
R= x 100%
1−D R (1−RO )
WHERE RO = γ D ¿ ¿ ¿
R = γ D ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ x 100%
kN
14.3 3
m
kN
15.9 3
m
98.45% = x 100%
kN
14.3 3
m
1−D R (1− )
kN
15.9 3
m
D R = 85.93%

17 | PROBLEM
kN
THE LABORATOY COMPACTION TEST HAS A MAX DRY NIT WEIGHT OF 18.88 WITH
m3
AN OPTIMUM MOISTURE CONTENT OF 18%. FOLLOWING ARE THE RESULTS OF A FIELD
UNIT WEIGHT DETERMINATION TEST PERFORMED ON THE SAME SOIL BY MEANS OF
SAND CONE METHOD.
VOLUME OF SOIL EXCAVATED FROM THE HOLE = 0.00188 m3
WEIGHT OF SOIL FROM THE HOLE WHEN WET = 3.008 kg
WEIGHT OF SOIL WHEN DRIED = 2.880 kg
A. DETERMINE THE FIELD WATER CONTENT OF SOIL
B. DETERMINE THE COMPACTED DRY UNIT WEIGHT
C. DETERMINE THE RELATIVE COMPACTION

GIVEN:
γD(MAX – LAB) = 18.88 kN/m3
ꞷopt = 18%.
V = 0.00188 m3
WM = 3.008 kg
WD = 2.880 kg

SOLUTION:
A. FIELD WATER CONTENT
W WATER
ꞷ= X 100%
W SOIL
3.008 kg−2.880 kg
ꞷ= X 100%
2.880 kg
ꞷ = 4.44 %

B. COMPACTED DRY UNIT WEIGHT


W 3.008 kg
ρ M= M =
V 0.00188 m3
kg
ρ M = 1600 3
m
kg m
γ M = ρ M (g) = 1600 3 (9.81 2 )
m s
N kN
γ M = 15696 3 = 15.70 3
m m
kN
γ M 15.70 3
γ D= = m
1+ ꞷ
1+0.18
kN
γ D = 13.30 3
m

C. RELATIVE COMPACTION
γ DFIELD
R%= X 100%
γ DMAX −LAB
kN
13.30 3
m
R%= X 100%
kN
18.88 3
m
R % = 70.44%
18 | PROBLEM
THE LABORATOY COMPACTION TEST OF A CERTAIN TYPE OF SOIL GIVES A MAXIMUM
kN
DRY DENSITY OF 1.86 3 WITH AN OPTIMUM MOISTURE CONTENT OF 12.8%. THE
m
FOLLOWING ARE THE RESULTS OF A FIELD UNIT WEIGHT DETERMINATION TESTING
USING SAND CONE METHOD.
VOLUME OF SOIL EXCAVATED FROM THE HOLE = 0.00188m3
WEIGHT OF SOIL FROM THE HOLE WHEN WET = 2.280 kg
WEIGHT OF SOIL WHEN DRY = 1.880 kg
A. DETERMINE THE FIELD UNIT WEIGHT OF SOIL
B. WHAT IS THE IN-SITU WATER CONTENT OF SOIL?
C. DETERMINE THE RELATIVE COMPACTION, IS IT WITHIN THE ALLOWABLE RANGE
FOR RELATIVE OF COMPACTION OF 95±0.20?

GIVEN:
kN
γD(MAX – LAB) = 1.86
m3
ꞷopt = 12.8%.
V = 0.00188 m3
WM = 2.280 N
WD = 1.880 N

SOLUTION:
A. FIELD UNIT WEIGHT
W
γM = M
V
2.280 N
γM =
0.00188 m3
N
γ M = 1212.77 3
m
kN
γ M = 1.21 3
m

B. IN-SITU WATER CONTENT


W WATER
ꞷ= X 100%
W SOIL
2.280 N −1.880 N
ꞷ= X 100%
1.880 N
ꞷ = 21.28 %

C. RELATIVE COMPACTION
kN
γ M 1.21 3
γ D= = m
1+ ꞷ
1+ 0.128
kN
γ D= 1.07
m3
kN
1.21
γ DFIELD m3
R%= X 100% = X 100%
γ DMAX −LAB kN
1.86 3
m
R % = 65.05%, IT IS NOT WITHIN THE ALLOWABLE RANGE OF 95±0.20

19 | PROBLEM
THE LABORATOY TEST RESULTS OF A STANDARD PROCTOR TEST ARE GIVEN IN THE
FOLLOWING TABLE.
VOLUME OF WEIGHT OF MOIST MOISTURE
MOLD SOIL IN MOLD, N CONTENT, %
944 14.52 8.4
944 18.44 10.2
944 20.80 12.3
944 17.85 14.6
944 16.19 16.8
DETERMINE THE MAXIMUM DRY UNIT WEIGHT OF COMPACTION AND THE OPTIMUM
MOISTURE CONTENT.

SOLUTION:
W γM
γM = M γD =
V 1+ ꞷ
kN
0.01452kN kN 15.38 kN
γM = 3 = 15.38
γD = m3 = 14.19
0.000944 m m3 m3
1+0.084
kN
0.01844 kN kN 19.53 3 kN
γM = 3 = 19.53
γD = m = 17.72
0.000944 m m3 m3
1+0.102
kN
0.02080 kN kN 22.03 3 kN
γM = 3 = 22.03
γD = m = 19.62
0.000944 m m3 m3
1+0.123
kN
0.01785 kN kN 18.91 3 kN
γM = 3 = 18.91
γD = m = 16.50
0.000944 m m3 m3
1+0.146
kN
0.01619 kN kN 17.15 3 kN
γM = 3 = 17.15
γD = m = 14.68
0.000944 m m3 m3
1+0.168
VOLUME OF WEIGHT OF MOIST MOIST UNIT MOISTURE DRY UNIT
MOLD SOIL IN MOLD, N kN CONTENT, % kN
WEIGHT, 3 WEIGHT, 3
m m
944 14.52 kN 8.4 kN
15.38 3 14.19 3
m m
944 18.44 kN 10.2 kN
19.53 3 17.72 3
m m
944 20.80 kN 12.3 kN
22.03 3 19.62 3
m m
944 17.85 kN 14.6 kN
18.91 3 16.50 3
m m
944 16.19 kN 16.8 kN
17.15 3 14.68 3
m m
COMPACTION CURVE
20.5
20
19.5 f(x) = − 0.18 x² + 5.44 x − 20.11

19
18.5
DRY UNIT WEIGHT

18
17.5
17
16.5
16
15.5
15
14.5
14
8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 18 18.5

MOISTURE CONTENT

kN
γD(MAX) = 18.84
m3
ꞷ opt = 12.53%

20 | PROBLEM
THE LABORATOY COMPACTION RESUKTS FOR A SOIL ARE GIVEN IN THE FOLLOWING
TABLE.
MOISTURE DRY UNIT
CONTENT, % kN
WEIGHT, 3
m
10 15.80
12 18.45
14 19.90
16 19.50
18 17.90
FOLLOWING ARE THE RESULTS OF A FIELD UNIT WEIGHT DETERMINATION TEST
PERFORMED O THE SAME SOIL BY MEANS OF THE SAND CONE METHOD.
kg
CALIBRATED DRY DENSITY OF OTTAWA SAND = 1570 3
m
CALIBRATED MASS OF OTTAWA SAND TO FILL THE CONE = 0.545 kg
MASS OF JAR + CONE + SAND (BEFORE USE) = 7.59 kg
MASS OF JAR + CONE + SAND (AFTER USE) = 4.78 kg
MASS OF MOSIR SOIL FROM HOLE = 3.007 kg
MOISTURE CONTENT OF MOIST SOIL = 10.2%
A. DETERMINE DRY UNIT WEIGHT OF COMPACTION IN THE FIELD
B. DETERMINE RELATIVE COMPACTION IN THE FIELD.

GIVEN:
kg
ρD(OTTAWA SAND) = 1570
m3
M2 =0.545 kg
M1 = 7.59 kg
M4 = 4.78 kg
M3 = 3.007 kg
ꞷ = 10.2%.

SOLUTION:

COMPACTION CURVE
20.5
20
19.5 f(x) = − 0.18 x² + 5.44 x − 20.11
19
18.5
DRY UNIT WEIGHT

18
17.5
17
16.5
16
15.5
15
14.5
14
8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 18 18.5

MOISTURE CONTENT

kN
γD(MAX) = 19.89
m3
ꞷopt = 14.71%

A. DRY UNIT WEIGHT OF COMPACTION IN THE FIELD


MS = M1 – (M2 + M4) = 7.59 – (0.545 + 4.78)
MS = 2.265 kg
2.265 kg
MS
V= = kg
ρD (OTTAWA SAND) 1570 3
m
3
V = 0.001442675159 m
M 2.265 kg
MD = 3 =
1+ ꞷ 1+ 0.102
MD = 2.728675136 kg
m
WD = MD(g) = 2.728675136 kg (9.81 2 )
s
WD = 26.76830309 N
WD = 0.02676830309 kN
W 0.02676830309 kN
γ D= D = =
V 0.001442675159m 3
kN
γ D = 18.55 3
m

B. RELATIVE COMPACTION
kN
18.55
γ DFIELD m3
R%= X 100% = X 100%
γ DMAX −LAB kN
19.89 3
m
R % = 93.26%

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