GUIDE QUESTIONS
How is volume related to
pressure?
How is volume related to
temperature?
Cite a practical application of the
relationship in Question No. 1?
Cite a practical application of the
relationship in Question No. 2?
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Gas particles do not ____ or
attract.
Gas particles are ___than the
space between them.
Gas particles are in fast, random
____.
No kinetic energy is ____ when
particles collide.
All gases have the same _____
energy.
Gas Laws
Boyle’s Law
“The volume of a given mass of
gas held at constant temperature
is inversely proportional to its
pressure.”
Example 1
Freon in an air conditioning unit
has a volume of 1.50 L. It is
allowed to function in a room
where the pressure is about 720
mmHg, assuming that the
temperature is in constant state.
Find the final pressure in mmHg
of Freon when its volume is
increased to 1.70 L.
Practice Exercises:
1 .A cylinder of compressed gas
has a volume of 85 dm3 and a
pressure of 984 kPa. What
volume in L would the gas occupy
if allowed to escape into a
balloon at a pressure of 125 kPa?
Assume that the temperature
does not change.
2. At 0oC and 5 atm, a given
sample of a gas occupies 75 L.
The gas is compressed to a final
volume of 30L at 0oC. What is the
final pressure in atm?
3. A sample of a gas has a volume
of 20L at 1.5 atm. What will be
the volume in L of this gas at
each of the following pressures:
a) 700 mmHg, b)2 atm, and c)105
kPa
APPLICATION OF BOYLE’S LAW
1. Breathing or respiration
2. Deep sea fishes, when brought
to the surface, die to a decreased
pressure. This results in the
increased volume of gases in their
bodies.
Heads up
*1. 1 L= 1 dm3
CHARLE’S LAW (Jacques Charles)
Kelvin temperature and the
volume of a gas are directly
related when there is no change
in pressure of a gas.
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Application of Charle’s Law
Hot air balloon : The air inside the
balloon, when heated, causes the
air to expand; thus, becomes
lighter and so it rises.
An inflated balloon shrinks when
placed inside the refrigerator.
During cold weather, bicycle tires
become flat because the air
inside the bicycle tires shrink.
Sample Problems
A 178 mL of gas is measured at
35oC. If the pressure remains
constant, what will the volume
of the gas at 40oC?
A sample of a gas has a volume
of 78.5 mL at 45oC. What volume
would this sample occupy at
standard temperature assuming
the pressure is constant?
A 240 cm3 volume of gas is
collected at 60oC. What volume
would this sample of gas occupy
at standard temperature?
Under constant pressure
condition, a sample of hydrogen
gas initially at 85oc and 7.2 L is
cooled until its final volume is
4.1 L. What is the final
temperature?
GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW
“The pressure of a fixed amount
of a gas is directly proportional
to the absolute temperature
(Kelvin).”
PαT ( n, V constant)
P1/T1= P2/T2
Sample Problems
A 35.0 L container is filled with
gas to a pressure of 1.8 atm at
0oC. At what temperature will
the pressure inside the container
be 1.5 atm?
What will happen to a can of
paint spray containing only the
propellant at a pressure of 750
torr at 30oC if it is thrown into a
heap of garbage burning at 200
o
C?
A container is filled with a gas to
a pressure of 2 atm at 25oC.
What pressure will it develop if it
is heated to 80oC?
COMBINED GAS LAW
P1V1 = P2V2
T1 T2
Standard Temperature and
Pressure
273.15 K and 760 torr/mmHg/76
cmHg
Sample Problems
A given mass of gas has a volume
of 760 mL at -40oC and 550 torr.
Calculate the volume of the gas
at 20oC and 230 torr and the
amount of gas is constant.
A 2-L sample of a gas is collected
at 20oC and 2.3 atm. What is the
pressure of the gas at 300K if the
volume is 8.0 L?
3. The volume of a sample of gas
is 750 mL at 40oC and 1.3 atm. At
what temperature will the
sample occupy 2.00 L under a
pressure of 2 atm?
Properties of Gases. KMT, Boyle’s
Law, Charle’s Law, Combined Gas
Law, Gay Lussac’s Law
At STP: 1 mole of any gas = 6.02
X 1023 particles= 22.4 L
Applications of Avogadro’s Law
A flat tire takes up less volume
than an inflated tire.
As you inhale, your lungs expand
as they fill with air. As you
exhale, your lungs decrease in
volum.
A helium filled balloon weighs
much less than an identical
balloon filled with air.
Moist air is less dense than dry
air.
Sample Problems
gas in atm if the temperature is
80oC?
Henry’s Law
As the pressure of a gas above a
liquid drops, the amount of the
gas that can be dissolved in the
liquid decreases.
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure
The pressure exerted by a
mixture of non-reacting gases is
the sum of the partial pressures
that each gas in the mixture
exerts individually.
and allowed to escape, which
gas will escape faster and how
much faster will it be?
Atomic masses: He= 4.00 g/mol
and Ar= 39.95 g/mol
Under the same conditions of
temperature and pressure, how
many times faster will H effuse
compared to CO2?
Atomic masses:H= 1.00 g/mol
C= 12. 00 g/mol
O= 16.00 g/mol

A 3.4 mole of gas has a volume Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3+ …….

of 4.2 L at certain temperature
and pressure. Find the new
volume of this gas if 10 moles
are added to the original volume
under the same conditions.
2. 17 g of Helium has a volume of
3L. If the amount of Helium is
increased to 30 g, what new
volume will result if the pressure
and temperature remain
constant?
Atomic mass of Helium = 4.00
g/mol
A tank containing 3.0 moles of
Nitrogen has a volume of 0.12 L.
What would the volume be if 6.2
moles of Nitrogen are added to
the container?
Ideal Gas Law
The volume of a gas varies
directly with the number of
moles and absolute temperature
and inversely proportional with
pressure.
PV= nRT
R= 0.0821 L.atm/mol.K
Sample Problems
A sample of Argon occupies 5L of
space at STP. How many moles of
Argon are there in the sample?
How much space will 7 moles of
CH4 occupy if the temperature
and pressure of the gas are 130oC
and 8.5 atm respectively?
8.0 moles of CO2 gas are present
in a container with a volume of
27 L. What is the pressure of this
Sample Problem
A 300 mL of oxygen was
collected over water at 25oC and
700 torr. What volume will the
dry oxygen occupy at 25oC and
700 torr? The vapor pressure of
water at 25oC is 23.8 torr.
The pressure of a mixture of
nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and
oxygen is 150 kPa. What is
the partial pressure of oxygen if
the partial pressures of the
nitrogen and carbon dioxide are
100 kPA and 24 kPa,
respectively?
Graham’s Law of Gas Effusion
and Diffusion
Diffusion – gas molecules move
from a region of higher
concentration to a lower
concentration
Effusion- a type of movement of
gases that describes the passage
of particles of gas from one
container to another through a
tiny opening between the
containers without collision
between the particles.
Gases with higher molecular
weight effuses slower than that
of the gases with lower
molecular weight.
Graham’s Law of Effusion
Sample Problem
If equal amounts of He and Ar
are placed in a porous container