Sky Bus metro

moves people and cargo too!

At 100 kmph along existing roads &
aesthetically, without demanding road space!
Better performance than underground metro
at one-fourth cost & up and ready in two years
Futuristic automated driver –less operations!
By
“Technically sound..” Konkan Railway Corporation Ltd.,

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Er. B. Rajaram M.Tech., IRSE, FIE., FNAE

Inventor &Former Managing Director

 Sky Bus

What a city needs

To decongest and eliminate pollution on
roads:

People: Rapid mass transit systems

Goods : deliver trucks/ containers

Services: City house keeping-automation

Integrated system-with financial viablility.

RUBBER_TYRED systems like mono-rails do not compare with

Steel-wheel on steel rail technology
2
 Sky Bus
Skybus is the solution to the safety
concerns of railway Dr Abdul Kalam and a number
Of eminent scientists including
Commissioner of Railway Safety
Confirm Skybus is a
safer railway technology

Conventional Railways Evolution into Skybus

Problem-bogie and Solution-Positive hold

coaches detach, and go between tracks and railway
hay-wire bogie
USA granted patents to Mr.B. Rajaram
3
 Sky Bus
No derailments No capsizing nor
crushing of passengers in Skybus
Case of collision-Skybus is not
Derailment arrestors at top Crushed.

Std.Rly bogie

Rly. track
Unique safety features not available in other metro rails.

4
 Sky Bus

High wind loads –risk of toppling

Skybus is safer- swing arrestor Conventional Railway
And positive hold with track protect Has no such feature-
passengers Just topples

5
 Sky Bus

Skybus conserves urban space

20m length for 2 Sky-coaches Elegant small stations at 6m
Carry 300 to 400 pax Height above road-access from
No complicated station yards Footpaths.

Air-conditioned service every ONE minute

6
 Skybus carries cargo & adds Sky Bus

valuable urban space…

Standard containers For every km route 9000 sq.m
delivered Space added on top all along.

Conventional metro rails cannot do this.

7
World’s First test track at Goa proves our
Sky Bus
India’s Skybus is superior
to other metro rails
( A freak accident in an experimental trial demonstrated
conclusively the stated safety features unique to the Skybus)

Independent RDSO ( Ministry of Railways) team and Bhaba Atomic

Research Centre measured the values
Speed Braking Vertical Transverse Longitudinal
Distance
meters
Kmph Max accn g RI Max accn g RI Max accn g RI
60 136 0.036 1.703 0.026 1.788 0.052 2.136
70 174 0.122 2.692 0.04 2.003 0.077 2.395
Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent
Permissible limits Max.Acceleration 0.3g going upto 0.35 g if no resonance is observed.
Ride Index (RI): 3.25 normal , can go upto 4.0 for EMU and DEMU

Since Ministry of Railways classified Skybus as NOT Railway,

State has to notify authority under the Tramway Act 18xx,(existing),
For issue of safety certificate, by a Government Safety Commissioner.
8
 How do we compare different Sky Bus

options?
Monorail can never be an option because it is rubber tyre-based , lacking the
advantages of high speeds and mass loading, which is possible in steel-wheel/steel rail
based system only.
System Skybus Metro Elevated Metro Rail Under-ground Metro
Attribute Virtually min.land Land/buildings hurt Buildings-foundns
Capital cost per 10 km 550 1200 2500
in Rs crores

Passenger Capacity 20,000-40,000 20,000-40,000 20,000-40,000

pphpd Can go to 80,000
Cargo 60 TEU per hour per NIL NIL
direction

Fares-to meet financial 50 ps per km –at Rs NOT possible to meet White elephant- cannot
viability 250 per month for viabilty be managed.
500km.
Additional revenue Yes –between stations NIL-between stations NIL
from Skytop- bet.stns.
90,000 sqm
9
 Hyderabad Sky Bus
Skybus
Metro
Details of Routes:
Length of Route
S.No Route No. From to
(km)
1 Route No. 1 JNTU College M.G.Bus Stand 16.2
2 Route No. 2 M.G.Bus Stand Vanastalapura 9.6
3 Route No. 3 Panjagutta Hitech Citi 7.2
4 Route No. 4 Vivekananda Nagar Jn. Secunderabad 10.5
5 Route No. 5 Paradise M.G.Bus Stand 8.7
6 Route No. 6 Secunderabad M.G.Bus Stand 7.2
7 Route No. 7 Ameerpet Paradise 4.8
8 Route No. 8 Balanagar Jidimetla 6.0
Total km 70.2

Hyderabad can have Skybus

without Government funding
1. Notify the the Tramway Act
2. Concession agreement with
BOT- operator M/S Doxport
Technologies-Malaysia
First pilot project of 15 km
10 can be ready, in 24 months.
Sky Bus Technology

By
S.Ramya,
R.Priyadharshini,
Civil II year.

INTRODUCTION:
SkyBus is a greener way to
travel. When delegates choose to travel on
SkyBus between the Airport and the city
they all leave a smaller carbon footprint.
SkyBus supports Green fleet and plants over
7,000 trees each year to offset carbon
emissions from its fleet’s fuel consumption.
Sky Bus operates 24 hours/7 days a week-
over 250 trips a day moving in excess of two
million passengers.
CONSTRUCTION OF SKYBUS
TECHNOLOGY
With no signaling and having no points and
crossings, it is a unique mass-transit system
that can be put up within two years in any
crowded & congested city.
Since it operates along existing roadways
and within municipal limits.
The main components of the sky
bus system are described below:
Sky way
1. The sky way consists of a concrete box
structure 8.4 X 2.4 m. carried over a series
of piers at a height of 9 – 10 m. above the
existing road level.
2. In the middle of the roadway, pile
foundations support 1 m. diameter columns
approximately 8 m. high, and at a spacing of
15 m. all along the roadway.
3. It has two heavy 52 – 60 kg. / Metre rails
fixed with appropriate fastenings within
theconcrete box support at standard gauge
that guide the sky bogie.
Sky Bogie
1. Standard two axle bogies can be used in
metros for speeds of 100 kmph (but can
have higher speeds if required, upto 160
kmph) of standard gauge.
2. Linear Induction motor technology is
incorporated with 4 th rail driving, which is
above the bogie and 3 phase AC motors with
regenerative power capability are used.
3. Third Rail is used for current collection.
4. Braking – Since the bogie is mounted, 3
levels of braking namely – Regenerative,
disc brakes and finally, Emergency
mechanical brakes are provide to ensure the
safety of commuters.
Sky Coaches
1. These are double walled light shells
with large wide windows suspended from
the sky bogies.
2. Controlled banking on curves is
possible. Curves with radii of 50 m. can be
negotiated.
3. The coaches are air conditioned and
fixed with automatic doors.
4. They have audio visual information
to assist the passengers.
5. They also have special 4 m. wide
sliding doors for quick entry and exit of
passengers.
6. Each pair of coaches carries 300
persons and service every one minute or 30
seconds is possible.
Sky Stations
1. Unlike conventional mass transit
systems, Sky Bus needs smaller stations
about 50 m. long.

2. Stations are available at every 1 km.
It is a natural footbridge across the road.
From up line to down line the station
provides natural access, which is easy.
3. Service is available at every 30
seconds or 1 minute, which means virtually
no waiting time for passengers.
4. Totally automated without drivers,
access control is electronic by prepaid cards
being swiped in.
5. Stations act only as an access
facility, and not as passenger holding area.
SALIENT POINTS ABOUT
SKYBUS METRO SYSTEM
• Standard Gauge Rail tracks :
60 kg rails fitted with double elastic
fastenings, with Standard Gauge on sleepers
designed & tested for 20 t axle load norms
forming maintenance free tracks.
• Driving bogies:
100 kmph standard gauge 12 ton/14 ton axle
load powered bogies –same as used in metro
rails with 4×110/115 Kw asynchronous 3 ph
AC motors with power-regeneration and
capable of peak 1.3m/sec/sec acceleration.
•Braking:
Electrical re-generative braking, coupled
with compressed air disk mechanical brakes
and emergency/ idling mechanical brakes
for stabling.
•Crushing load for underframe :
Underframe- fit to take crush loads of
regular main line coaches- more than 70t.
•Train unit:
Each train unit 20m long with two driving
buses connected through vestibule door.
•Capacity of 20m long train unit:
Each Sky bus unit 20m long having two
compartments ( 3.25m x 9.5m) of 9.5 m ,
can carry almost 400 persons at 7
persons/sq.m density peak. The 20 m units
can be attached to form a 3 unit, 60m long
train of 1200 persons capacity.
•Signal & train control:
Simple three aspect signal system driven by
line of sight by motorman, with additional
unique safety layer of Raksha Kavach,
capable of providing 40 sec headway- but
planned 60 sec.
•Route Capacity:
A Sky bus route can thus be designed even
at 60 sec headway, to carry 20,000 to 70,000
passengers per hour per direction in peak
period.
•Security and safety:
Continuous computerized central monitoring
& control with provision of audio/visual
access for each coach for security.
Distributed intelligence systems with
redundancy to provide protection against
swinging under wind loads/emergency
localized control/ prevent over-loading/
emergency evacuation guidance.
•Easy Access:
Access is from existing footpaths, climb
limited to 6 m for passengers- within 500 to
600m from wherever you are on the road
having Sky bus route.
• On line maintenance of rolling
stock and tracks:
Maintenance is through continuous
monitoring of vibration signatures, and
directed by need automatically by
computerized systems- much more advanced
than existing manual inspections only and
periodic checks. All the sub-systems
/elements are to existing
UIC/Indian Railway codal practices
applicable to railway transport.
•Power requirements:
Typically for tropical climate conditions, for
a module of 10 km route, 15 MW power
needed covering traction and all services
including comfort air-conditioning loads at
stations.
INVENTION OF SKYBUS GOA
The Skybus Metro project was former PM A
B Vajpayee’s New Year gift to Goa in 2003.
The pilot project was to connect Mapusa to
Panaji. It was supposed to be a 10.5 km
route in the first phase. Rajaram’s concept
got a nod from the PMO in May 2003.
Accordingly, trial runs were conducted at a
1.6 km long test-track at Madagaon, Goa,
with grant of Rs 50 crore from the Railways.
However, a mishap occurred during the trial
raising serious concerns about passenger
safety, forcing the committee to re-evaluate
the system. More detailed trials as per test
schemes under empty, loaded and worn out
conditions upto 100 kmph are yet to be
conducted.
Rajaram says the safety norms are as per
those laid out by the Chief Commissioner of
Railway Safety (CCRS). “We have already
tested at 70 kmph,” he says, adding there
was no question of gauge conversion as it
was not a rail-guided system. He feels the
high cost of the project — approximately Rs
5,400 crore — is giving the government cold
feet.
NEW DELHI
It was launched with great fanfare some two
years back with the promise of giving India
a world-class Skybus Metro. But like other
ambitious NDA projects, this one too is
facing roadblocks.
A government committee has recorded that
it may take about two years to develop the
track and get other clearances. While the
man behind the Skybus concept, B Rajaram,
former MD of the Konkan Railway
Coporation (KRC), feels all that is required
is the “political will” to give it the go-ahead,
the committee feels that it’s the
development, testing and validation that will
take time.
A senior official of the Urban Development
ministry, under which falls urban transport,
says, “Many things still need to be sorted
out. We have set up a committee to look into
the techno-feasibility of the project. Trial
runs have been conducted. It will take time.”
The committee’s findings say, “It may take
some more time as the Skybus system so far
developed at the test track site at Goa is still
in the developmental phase.”
The Railways too have objected to it. The
gauge used for the Skybus system is
standard while the railway ministry has said
the KRC was requested to test the system on
broad-gauge. As it can’t comment on the
safety aspect of the standard gauge Skybus
system, it says it won’t be in a position to
give certification. “There are other issues
regarding safety integration, signalling
system and capacity which were being
looked into by the committee,” says the
official.
Quickly, reputable and also economical
transport by Hyderabad packers as well as
movers. There are many arising business on
the planet of logistic; to fulfill the current
higher need of it. Rising need of logistics
broke the ice for brand-new contestants in
the logistic market. Business are producing
specialized solutions for the targeted
customers. These companies are delivering
individualized services to woo its clients.
Every business claim to be most effectively
in this domain name, yet only few come to
fulfill the assumptions when they are
examined. Packers and movers Hyderabad
deliver its customers full transport and
reallocation solution. This provider is
working in India as well as overseas from a
long time. Its existence in the
systematizations globe has quipped with the
every talk of logistics society. It knows the
best ways to offer its customers with
greatest solution possible.

ADVANTAGES OF SKYBUS
• Fast transportation
• No land acquisition problem.
• No demolition
• No Vandalism
• Fire Protection
• No Deaths
• Lowest Operational cost.
• No interference with normal road traffic
• Better Capacity
• Flyover
• Fast Execution
• No Pollution
• No Force Major
• No traffic Jams, No waiting

CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
The Skybus is the technology breakthrough
that India has achieved. Skybus is an
improved railway technology, eliminating
the problems of existing metro rail systems,
like, derailments ollisions, and capsizing
crushing people. Old conventional railway
men, who remained basically operating and
maintenance experts, may take a little time
to appreciate, but the fact remains Sky bus is
an improved railway technology eliminating
their fears of derailments and capsizing from
which they suffered for decades!

Financially Skybus Metro makes urban

transport a dream come true for
administrators- virtually free gift to people
without Government fund in.
 Sky
Bus
technology
By
S.Ramya
CIVIL-II Yr