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Ores are a special type of rock that contains a large enough amount of a particular
mineral from which we can economically extract valuable elements and minerals.
Ores are the source for some of the world's most important geological resources,
including both precious and industrial metals and energy resources like uranium.
If there is a large enough amount present, the rock will be extracted and
processed in a variety of ways to remove the mineral from the surrounding rock.
Once they are extracted and processed, the minerals can be turned into products
desired.
Types of Ore
Ores are classified based on how they form. Some ores form from the cooling and
crystallization of minerals within magmas, lavas, or igneous intrusions. These are
known as magmatic or volcanic ores. Nickel, copper, and iron ores are typically
formed from magmatic or volcanic-related deposits. Carbonate alkaline ores are
formed from different igneous processes other than volcanic activity. Rare earth
element ores and also some diamonds are part of the carbonate alkaline group.
Metamorphic ores often contain lead, zinc, and silver, as well as some iron
oxides. Sedimentary ore deposits include banded iron formations, and gold,
platinum, zinc, tin. Lastly, ores can form as a result of hydrothermal processes.
These processes involve the exposure of rocks and minerals to extremely hot
water, usually near oceanic hydrothermal vents or hot springs. Most of the world's
gold ores, as well as uranium ores, formed from hydrothermal processes.
Ores can also be classified based on their composition.