BATCH 2019-24

SUBJECT: SOCIOLOGY
PROJECT ON
“A STUDY ON JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN
MAHARASHTRA“

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
N.Bangkim Singh Ram Malani
Associate professor(sociology) R.No91901040005

Faculty of law[Marwadi university] BA.LLB(1st SEM)

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 DECLARATION

I Ram Malani certify that the work embodied in this project work, entitled “A STUDY OF JUVENIL
DELINQUENCY IN MAHARSHTRA” is my own bona-fide work carried out by me under the supervision
of Prof. N. BANGKIM SINGH of Faculty of Law, Marwadi University.
The matter embodied in this Project has not been submitted for the award of any other
degree/diploma.
I declare that I have faithfully acknowledged, given credit to and referred to the authors/
research workers wherever their works have been cited in the text and the body of the
project. I further certify that I have not willfully lifted up some other's work, para, text, data, results, figures
etc. reported in the journals, books, magazines, reports, dissertations, theses, etc., or available at web-sites and
included them in this project work and cited as my own work.

Signature of student :
Date :
Place : Marwadi university

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SUPERVISOR’S CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the work embodied in the accompanying project entitled “ A STUDY OF JUVENILE
DEILQUENCY IN MAHARSHTRA”, has been carried out entirely by Ram Malani under my direct
supervision and guidance and that the candidate has fulfilled the requirements of the regulations laid down for
the partial fulfillment of B. A. LL. B Hons. Degree examination in the course Sociology I (Semester I), Faculty
of Law, Marwadi University.

N. BANGKIM SINGH
Associate Professor (Sociology)
Faculty of Law, Marwadi University.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my thanks to the people who have helped me most throughout my project, be it directly
or indirectly. I am most grateful to my teacher Mr. N. Bangkim Singh who actually inspired to do this project
by providing this opportunity.
A special thank of mine goes to my friends Tushar Jain who helped me out in completing the project, where
they all exchanged their own interesting ideas, and made me realize both the perspectives to the issue and thus
made it possible to complete my project with all accurate information. I wish to thank my parents for their
personal support or attention who inspired me to go my own way. Last but not the least, I would also extend
my appreciation to those who could not be mentioned here but well played their role to inspire the curtain.

Signature of the student:

Date:
Place: Marwadi university

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 INDEX

TOPIC PG.NO
S.NO
1 Introduction 6
2 Juvenile Delinquency in Maharashtra 11
3 Implementation of JJ act in Maharashtra 17
4 Conclusion and suggestion 22
5 Bibliography 23
6 Annexures 24

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 CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY –
The word juvenile has been arrived from the latin term
“juvenis’’ which basically means young and the word delinquency has derived from latin word “delinquer’’
which basically means to omit . in year 1484 , William coxton used this word delinquent to person who is
found guilty. Juvenile delinquency refers to an involvement of any teenager below the age of 18 years into an
unlawful behaviour which would be considered as a crime in front of law. A child is called as as delinquent
when he/she commits any mistake which is against the law and the society.
Juvenile delinquency, which is also called as Juvenile offending is the illegal behaviour of the teenagers.
Juvenile crime is one of the biggest problem of each and every nation. A Juvenile delinquency is a person who
is under the age of 18 and he/she commits an act which would have been charged as a crime if they were an
adult.In recent few years higher number of youths have experienced arrest by their early 20s as compared to
past this may lead to aggressive criminal justice and also zero tolerance policies compared to changes in youth
behaviour. About 60% - 80% teenagers are engaged in some kind of juvenile offence.

Teen age or Juvenile crimes are those crines which are performed by people whose ages are between 13 – 19
years. Experts says that the crime performed by this age group are the most dangerous crimes because the
mind is not mature enough to know the full consequences.
This civilized person or a criminal person. In India about 40% of the India’s population is constituted with
the teenagers. India also has an national policy for teenagers to be declared as national asset of the country.
But still today teenagers continue to face difficult circumstances. India has also signed the UN convention on
the rights of children so that all the teenagers in the country will get their rights. India has witnessed both
increase in the crime commited by the children and the crimes commited on the children.

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 Arrested
35000

34000

33000

32000

31000

30000

29000

28000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Arrested

As per the above given chart in the year 2006 32,145 cases of juvenile were arrested who were below the age
of 18 also 34,527 in year 2007, 34507 in year 2008, 33,642 in year 2009 and 30,303 in the year 2010.
The cases of murder by juvenile have shown a rise in last 10 years. As many as 531 youngsters below the age
of 18 were arrested for murder in the year 2001 as against 888 arrests between January to December 2011.
According to the data, 6,670 juveniles were arrested in Maharashtra, 5,794 in Madhya Pradesh, 2,692 in
Chhattisgarh, 2,542 in Rajasthan, 2,510 in Gujrat, 2,474 in Andhra Pradesh, 2,083 in Tamil Nadu, 1,204 in
Uttar Pradesh and 1,126 in Bihar as per the data.

arrested

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
Madhya Andhra Uttar
Maharshtra Chhattisgarh Rajasthan Gujrat Tamil Nadu Bihar
Pradesh Pradesh Pradesh
arrested 6770 5749 2692 2542 2510 2474 2083 1204 1126

arrested

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8
 Review of Literature

University of Chicago press, by -Philip J Cook, Jens Ludwig an Justin

McCrary (2011) in their article “teen age crime” wrote that since 1980s the teen age crime has doubled.
as there was a shortage of the state and local revenue shortfall lead to recession, the problem which was faced
was that whether the crime can be controlled with few resources or by investing in the resources other than
the criminal justice system is all the more relevant. To control the crime is an alternative way of reducing
crime that do not sacrifice public safety. There are few forms topics which are considered as criminal justice
reforms, which are social policies and government policies which affects to the alcohol abuse, drug abuse and
also the private prevention. There is an equal attention paid to both the private sector and the government
sector. Through this broad conceptual research and review of the following literature, the following volume
provides the important trends and ways for effective reducing the teen age crime.

Becker (1968) is his article has reported that juvenile delinquency can be an response to the legal and
criminal activities. According to him his future estimation shows that the youth will be engaged in such
criminal behaviour if the capacity or potential are larger enough and the substantial punishment is relatively
low.

Camenor and Philips (2002) as per his observation he saw that father plays an important and critical
role in care of boys at an tender age and having a step – father also increases the delinquency among the
teenagers than having an stem mother.

K.S Narayan (2005) according to him despite there is an rapid decrease in the incidence of juvenile
crimes at both relative and absolute level, but still in the urban and rural it is still reported often that the
practices of juvenile servitude , child labour, domestic juvenile servitude and girl juvenile trafficking. Such
kinds of the reports claims the examination of juvenile problems.

Levitt and Lochner (2000) have studied the juvenile involvements in the criminal activities.
Biological factors i.e. the males who are having low intelligence and short time horizon are of determinant of
crime. Family background factors i.e. lack of adequate supervision and maternal rejection are also linked up
with the criminal involvement also social factors affects which includes the income inequality sand rejection
influences the delinquent behaviour among the teenagers.

OBJECTIVES -
The objectives of present research are –
Objective 1 – To know the Juvenile delinquency in Maharashtra.
Objective 2 – To know the effectiveness of JJ act in Maharashtra.
Objective 3 – To provide suggestions for the improvement of JJ act in Maharashtra.
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Research Methodology –
Research methodology is a specific procedure or technique use to analyse
information about the topic in a research paper, the methodology section allows the reader to critically evaluate
a study overall validity and its reliability. This research design is a Doctrinal research, that is based on the
online data available with the trusted resources.

Report writing –
The first chapter consists of brief discussion on conceptualization, theorization, objectives and research
methodology.
In second chapter we shall discuss about the Juvenile delinquency in state of Maharashtra.
In chapter three we shall discuss implementation of JJ act in Maharashtra and see the punishment under JJ act
and juveniles arrested and presented.
The summary, conclusion, and suggestion shall be finally articulated in chapter four.

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 CHAPTER – 2
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN MAHARASHTRA

Among the various social problems, which todays modern society has to face, Juvenile delinquency is the one
which occupies an important place. A large number of teenagers living in the slum areas are now getting
adjusted in urban areas have been proved very vulnerable to this process and which results as many teenagers
do not behave properly with other people, to study this problem, in the state of Maharashtra, so to study the
distribution area wise and on the basis of present status, and to se what will be the possible future tends of
delinquency among the teenagers.

Theft in Maharashtra-
The theft (IPC S 378) (whoever, intending to take dishonestly any
movable property out of the possession of any person without the consent, moves that property in order of
taking that away is said to commit theft) is the offence against property. The theft rate in Maharashtra as whole
is 0.79 per 1,00,000 population, with the rural average of 0.48, while the urban rate is 4.1 times higher than
the rural averages. In Maharashtra theft is mainly committed by urban youths.
The urban distribution of theft is comparatively higher. The Thane city ranks first (4.1), followed by Pune
(4.02), Nasik (2.74), Aurangabad (2.71), Solapur (2.73), Nagpur(2.64),Amravati (2.37) and Mumbai and Navi
Mumbai together(1.0). In the case of rural areas, the theft committed by juveniles in Nagpur area are highest
which is (1.04) the moderate intensity of theft is observed in Amravati ,(0.68) and Nanded(0.49) and low
intensity zones are Aurangabad (0.34) Kolhapur (0.31), Nasik (0.3) and Thane (0.15 ).

(PER 1,00,000 OPLULATION)

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HURT -
(IPC S 319 &320) – (Hurt – who ever causes bodily pain, disease to any person is said to cause
hurt while grievous hurt which includes – destruction or permanent impairing of body joints, disfigurement
of head or face, fracture to bone, etc.) The Hurt delinquency rate of Maharashtra is 0.68 per 1 lakh population
with the urban dominance.
The Marathwada juveniles are causing more hurt than the western Maharashtra. Nanded (1.12) and
Aurangabad (0.9) are high intensity areas where as Vidarbh stands in moderate intensity. The Amravati (0.88)
and Nagpur (0.83) are less intensity .
Hurts in respect of the urban juveniles Aurangabad city hurt rate is 3.65 per lakh population followed by
Solapur (2.0), Thane (3.2), Pune (1.73), Amravati(1.7), Nagpur (1.66), Nasik (1.12), and Mumbai (0.58) the
juvenile delinquency in Mumbai is the lowest in case of theft and hurt.

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 (PER 1,00,000 POPULATION)

BURGLARY IN MAHARSHTRA –
(S 446 IPC) (Whoever commits house breaking before sunrise and
after the sunset, is said to commit Burglary). Burglary is the crime committed by urban juveniles in many
parts of country. Mostly the male juveniles are physically strong mostly commit this crime. This offence is
against the property, the money motivate crime stand third in the state of 0.47 per 1,00,000 population. Urban
rate are 2.6 time times higher than state average and 5.5 times higher than rural areas.
The areas in Maharashtra which are high intensity (Above 0.75/1,00,00 population) of Burglary are Thane
city (3.6), Nagpur city (2.3), Nasik city (1.87), Solapur city (1.42), Aurangabad city (1.2) and Amravati city
(1.1). The high intensity zone lies between (0.5 to 0.75) the Nagpur police division and Pune city. The
moderate intensity zone between ( 0.25 to 0.5) lies in Nanded and Amravati police zone and Mumbai and
Navi Mumbai. And the remaining areas which are Aurangabad (0.24), Nasik (0.15), Kolhapur (0.14) and
Thane (0.14) are low intensity areas.

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 BURGLARY IN MAHARSHTARA
(per 1,00,000 population)
4
3.6
3.5

2.5 2.3

2 1.87

1.5 1.2
1

0.5 0.3 0.24

0.14 0.15
0 Urban Rural
Thanne Nagpur Nasik Aurangabad

RIOTS IN MAHARASHTRA –
The Rioting (IPC S 146 ) ( Whenever there is use of any force or
violence used by an unlawful assembly or when people with common objectives do an illegal act , every
member of such assembly is guilty for the offence of rioting). Rioting which is done with the deadly weapons
is a crime under (sec 148 ) of IPC.
The youth, especially the young adolescence and also the late adolescence which are of 12 – 18 age group
generally participates in rioting. The rioting in Maharashtra cities rates much higher (0.31) than the rural areas
(0.17). Except Konkan, the rest of Maharashtra delinquent youths are taking active participation in riots.
The Aurangabad police zone (0.3) is the most highly influence city in Maharashtra also city like Solapur
(1.42), Thane city (0.8), Nasik city (0.62), Pune city (0.5), Amravati city (0.33), and Nagpur city (0.3) these
cities lie in high intensity zone. The moderate affected rural zones are Amravati zone (0.19), Nagpur
zone(0.17) Kolhapur (0.15) and Nasik rural zone (0.14). the whole konkan belt including Mumbai and Navi
Mumbai are low intensity zones in the case of rioting.

(PER 1,00,00 POPULATION)

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ALL CRIMES UNDER IPC (INDIAN PENAL CODE)–
Beside of the crimes like
Theft, Hurt, Burglary and Rioting there are many other crimes which are committed by the juveniles which
are Murder, Rape, Kidnapping and Abduction, Dacoity, Robbery, Criminal breach of trust, Dowry deaths,
Molestation, Cheating and many more other crimes.
The average state rate of Maharashtra is 2.92 with the urban dominancy (5.9) over the rural areas (2.17). The
urban areas such as Thane city (15.1), Aurangabad city (12.0), Solapur city (10.5), Pune city (10.0), Nagpur
city (9.5), Nasik city (8.2) and Amravati city (7.4) and Nagpur police zone (4.08) are the regions Maharashtra
are the regions of very high intensity. Highly affected areas and moderate affected areas are Nanded,
Aurangabad police zone, Mumbai and Navi Mumbai cities.
While konkan, western Maharashtra and Thane police unit, Kolhapur and Nasik police unit shows that the 2
lakh per 1 lakh population. This clearly indicates that all the major cities and the vidarbha region of the
Maharashtra experiences juvenile delinquency at a considerable high rate.

(PER 1,00,00 POPLULATION)

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16
 CHAPTER – 3
IMPLEMENTATION OF JJ ACT IN MAHARASHTRA

The juvenile justice system of Maharashtra mainly focusses on the Juvenile justice board, which was
constituted as per the sec 4 of the juvenile justice (care and protection of childrens) act,2000. The juvenile is
the conflict with the law (sec 2(l)) if he/she is arrested by the police as soon as they are been place under the
charge of the special juvenile police unit or to the designated police officer to who shall present the juvenile
before the board, without any loss of time but within the 24hrs of his/her arrest in the front of the board (sec
10(1)).
When the board is satisfied that the juvenile has committed the offence the board may, if so it thinks, fit –
a) Allow the juvenile to go home after the advices.
b) Order the parents of the juvenile or him self to pay the fine for his crime if he is above the age of 14 and
if he earns.
c) The board may direct the juvenile to be released on the prohibition of the good conduct and place under
the care of his parents or the guardian.
d) Also the board may send the juvenile to the special juvenile home for the period of three years.
e) And at last if the board finds that the juvenile arrested is not guilty for the crime he was arrested for than
the board will pass the order of acquittal.

The (SCRB) State crime record bureau of Maharashtra collects all the statistical data of the disposal of
the juvenile arrested and presented in the front of the juvenile justice board every year. The information
about the family background, education level and the economic level of the juveniles is also studied. It
has been observed that 19.0 percent of the juveniles arrested are illiterate, 41.0 juveniles have been studied
at primary level, 36.0 have studied upto the secondary level and the remaining 4.0 juveniles have
completed there education upto the s.s.c level.

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 Literacy of the arrested juveniles

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
illiterate primary secondary s.s.c
percentage
percentage 19 41 36 4.5
It

basically means that 60% of the juveniles which are in the conflict with the law are either illiterate or they
have studied upto the 7th standard.
To understand the working the juvenile justice board, the data from 1998 to 2006 is been studied city wise
and police rural areas as per the below given table-

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19
20
1)The percentage of cases pending before the board is the most serious problem facing today. 37.7% cases are
pending in the urban area and 48.3 % of the cases are pending in rural area. It is very unfortunate to see that
juveniles have to wait for months or years for their cases. 98.1% cases of Aurangabad city, 91.4% cases of
Solapur city, 69.7% cases of Navi Mumbai city, 61.3% cases of Thane police range, 60.7% cases Nagpur
ranges and 57.9% cases of Aurangabad range and are pending for years together. Pune city (only 50%) pending
cases are pending which is the lowest in the state.
Among the case decided the following orders are generally passed-
1)average 10% of the juveniles are asked to go to their home along with there parents after the advice or the
admonition.
2) on an average 20% of the case are realised on the for good conduct and placed under the care of the parents
or the guardian.
3)5 % of the juveniles are are realised for the good behaviour and place under the fit institutions for their
betterments for not more than 3 years.
4)15% of the juveniles are directly send to the special juveniles for the period of 3 years.
5)Nearly 4% of juveniles are left after imposing some fines on them.
6) Also nearly 3 to 4% of juveniles are acquitted for the crime they were arrested for.
7) And near about 42 to 43% of the cases are still pending.

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43 20

3 15
4

send home left for good conduct care special juvenile homes fined acuitted cases pending

Near about 20% of case juveniles are send to special homes, while 38% of the juveniles go back to there
homes either after the advice or on there on the good behaviour and are left by paying the fine and discharged.
And the remaining 42% of cases are still waiting for the decisions.
The Maharashtra juvenile justice system should see that the percentages of cases pending should come down
below 20% at which levelled present.
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 CHAPTER – 4
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

The Theft, Hurt including grievous hurt, Burglary and riots these are the four crimes which are higher
intensity which come under the Indian penal code. The juvenile delinquency in the state of Maharashtra is
3.49 per 1,00,000 population with urban rate 1.9 times bigger than the average state. The delinquency has
been confined in all the major cities. Solapur city is the worst city affected city in Maharashtra and stands
first in the ranking order while in the vidharbha region consists of Nagpur and Amravati in high intensity.
And Aurangabad city is high intensity in the Marathwada.
As per the area wise ranking indicates, urban dominance on juvenile delinquency. The cities like Thane,
Nagpur, Solapur and Pune and whole vidharbha area of the eastern Maharashtra is an high intensity zone of
juvenile delinquency in Maharashtra. Konkan, Khandesh and the western Maharashtra is comparatively in
better position.
In understanding the future tend of the juvenile delinquency, and the help of time series has been taken. The
juvenile crimes which will increase in Maharashtra in the future are Hurt, cruelty by husband, Molestation,
cheating and dowry death. While the crimes that will decrease in the future are Theft, Burglary, Riots, Rape,
Murder, Attempt to commit murder, Robbery, Dacoity, and Kidnapping and Abduction.

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 CHAPTER – 5
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Becker, G (1968) Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach. Journal of Political Economy 76(2): 169-
217.

Camenor and Philips (2002). The impact of Income and Family Structure on Delinquency. Journal of
Applied Economics, vol V, No .2 (NOV 2002), 209-232

Narayan KS. Dimension of Juvenile problems: institutional and non-institutional. Soc Welfare (10): 13 – 25

Levitt, S and L. Lochner. (2000). The Determinants of Juvenile Crime. In J. Gruber (Ed), “Risky Behaviour
by youths. University of Chicago press

References-

https://scholar.google.co.in
https://econpapers.repec.org
shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in

www.ijikc.co.in
https://womenchild.maharashtra.gov.in › upload › JJ_Rules_draft_2017

shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in
jjb.bih.nic.in › pdf › JJActHandbookAdministrators

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ANNEXURES

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