Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
TDS-255
Edition: September 3, 2009
Previous Editions: December, 1999 / March 25, 2004 / May 12, 2008
Original Date: May, 1998
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TDS-255
®
Formulating Hydroalcoholic Gels with Carbopol Polymers
Page 2 of 6
Use Level of Carbopol® Polymer 0.1 wt% 0.2 wt% 0.3 wt% 0.4 wt% 0.5 wt%
100
90
80
70
60
Clarity, %T
0
0.10% 0.30% 0.50%
25,000
20,000
Carbopol® 940 Polymer
Viscosity, mPa•s
5,000
0
0.10% 0.30% 0.50%
Neutralization of Carbopol Polymers in Hand systems. There are amine solubility limitations with
Sanitizing Gels high alcohol, low water containing systems. The
solubility of the Carbopol polymer salt changes as the
The key to formulating a hydroalcoholic gel with alcohol level is increased making the choice of
Carbopol polymers is choosing the correct neutralizing agents important. Different choices are
neutralizing agent. Many neutralizing agents provided as a guideline for the different alcohol type
commonly used to neutralize Carbopol polymers in and level.
aqueous systems do not work in hydroalcoholic
Check your local regulations while selecting the appropriate neutralizing amine since there are often specific
guidelines on the type of amine and impurity level in the amine for these types of formulations.
Carbopol® polymers
Rheology modifier
Alcohol
Disinfecting agent
Fragrance
Botanical Actives
Specialty Silicones
TDS-255
®
Formulating Hydroalcoholic Gels with Carbopol Polymers
Page 5 of 6
Formulation and Manufacturing Guidelines 2. Add the alcohol with slow mixing to de-aerate the
formulation if it was not included in Step 1.
• Typical hand sanitizing gels contain less that 40 3. Add emollients if desired. Keep in mind that the
wt% water. Due to this formulation constraint, a order of addition may be critical to maintain
common concern is how to effectively incorporate product clarity. See “Adding Emollients” for
the Carbopol polymer. The general methods are further information.
outlined as follows, dependent on your choice of 4. Add the appropriate neutralizing agent with gentle
polymer: sweeping agitation and mix until smooth.
Direct Method: The direct method is the traditional • Water Source: Use deionized water. Carbopol
method for dispersing Carbopol polymers. polymers are sensitive to hard water ions,
therefore, the clarity and viscosity may be
Carbopol Ultrez Polymers: This method is made negatively affected if regular tap water is used. If
easy with Carbopol Ultrez polymers since you simply deionized water is unavailable, add a chelating
sprinkle the polymer on the surface of the water. agent such as tetrasodium EDTA at a level of
Allow the polymer to self wet and then begin about 0.05-0.10% (wt/wt%).
agitation. The general procedure is described as
follows: • Adding Emollients: Several commercially
1. Disperse the polymer into the water. Mix until available emollients can be added to the hand
smooth to insure a lump free dispersion is sanitizing gel to compensate for removal of oils
obtained. on the hands by the alcohol. The following water-
2. Slowly add the alcohol with agitation and mix until soluble emollients can be added directly to the
homogeneous. water and polymer dispersion or just before
3. Add emollients if desired. Keep in mind that the neutralization. The use of these emollients from
order of addition may be critical to maintain 0.3-0.5 wt% addition will not impact the final
product clarity. See “Adding Emollients” for product clarity.
further information.
4. Add the appropriate neutralizing agent with gentle
Trade Name INCI Name
sweeping agitation and mix until smooth. Glucam™ E-20 Humectant Methyl Gluceth-20
Glucam™ E-10 Humectant Methyl Gluceth-10
NOTE: If production equipment constraints require SilSense™ Copolyol-1 Silicone PEG-33 and PEG-8
the water and alcohol to be combined before the Dimethicone and PEG-14
dispersion of polymer, the Carbopol Ultrez polymers SilSense™ SW-12 Silicone Ester Dimethicone PEG-7 Cocoate
Hydramol™ PGPL Emollient PEG/PPG-8/3 Laurate
must be dispersed like a traditional polymer. The
Hydramol™ PGDS Emollient PEG-90 Diisostearate
Carbopol Ultrez grade polymers will not self wet in a
solution of water and alcohol.
The Hydramol™ emollients can be added at use
Carbopol Traditional Grade Polymers: These levels from 0.5-3.0 wt% and still maintain good clarity
polymers can be dispersed in either the water or in the system.
alcohol/water mixture. The polymer will swell more
slowly when added to the alcohol/water mixture, so The use of other emollients may impact the final
care must be taken to avoid the clumping and product clarity depending on the solubility profile of
skinning of the polymer during the dispersion that particular emollient. Other emollients, such as
process. isopropyl myristate, may need to be added to the
alcohol and the water/polymer dispersion added to
1. Carefully disperse the polymer in the water or the alcohol/emollient phase to maintain final product
water/alcohol mixture with good agitation. High clarity.
mixing speeds are generally preferred as it
prevents agglomeration of the polymer on the
surface of the water. Mix until the polymer is
hydrated and the dispersion is smooth and free of
lumps.
TDS-255
®
Formulating Hydroalcoholic Gels with Carbopol Polymers
Page 6 of 6