Pathophysiology of AKI

Predisposing Precipitating
factor Etiologies factor

Anti infective
Underlying therapy usage,
Nephrotoxic
renal herbal
substances
insufficiency supplement
usage

Respiratory
Pt. hx. of URTI Acute Kidney Injury Sepsis
failure

Shock/trauma Heart Failure

Causes Causes

Pt. with
Old age (over High blood
hypertension
60 y.o.) Ischemic Toxic acute pressure
stage II
acute tubular tubular
necrosis necrosis

Race / Ethnicity Leads to

Inadequate
Leads to
kidney tissue
perfusion

Nephrotoxic Imbalanced
Ischemic nutrition: less
damage to
necrosis
tubules than body
requirements
Activity
intolerance
Impaired Excess fluid
Easy fatigability, tubular
Weakness of
volume R/T
endothelial Weight loss,
extremities Loss of appetite renal
function
dysfunction
Blood tinged Bilateral pitting
urine pedal edema
+4,
Risk for Increased RBC Swelling on
infection and WBC in both ankles Decreased
urine Onset phase cardiac
Decreased output R/T
CBC-decreased
urinary output alterations in
levels of RBC
and preload
hemoglobin Elevated serum
creatinine
Elevated blood Oliguric
pressure phase Shortness of Etiology
breath
Strong
Ineffective
bounding Pruritic skin Patient
pulses breathing Pathophysiology
symptoms
Oliguric/ lesions present
pattern
Pallor palm and anuric phase on bilateral
palpebral forearms Nursing
Pt. history
conjunctive Diagnosis

Factors
Recovery
phase