Review Class topics

Phonetics & Phonology

Andres Felipe Reyes parrales

ID: 756803

Teacher Cristy Paez

Corporación universitario uniminuto

Bogotá D.C

2020
 Segmental and suprasegmental features

- Segmental:

In the pronunciation of a lenguage we have to understand and learn which

are the different features of this, we may divide these in two parts which are
the segmental and suprasegmental kinds, also the student must know the
meaning of phoneme and vowel and them funtions.

Phoneme: are the sounds within the lenguage, although have a slightly a
similar pronunciation may differ from their menings.

Vowel: all vowels are voiced and may divide in two kinds: Diphthongs and
thriphthongs, we have into account that the Diphthongs are composed by
two vowels and then the thriphthongs that only have three vowels.

In the following table we may the examples according to the previous

information

On the previous table we could see some examples about the vowels and it
´s shifts however there are a special vowels of them, these are the long and
shor vowels, when the vowel has a punctuation (i:) it will be a long vowel
and by other side if the vowel doesn´t has that punctuation will be short.
 - Suprasegmental features
These implies the features of speech which generally apply to groups of segmento
or phoneme, that means a división in the suprasegmentas groups those segments
are the intonation and the stress.

Intonation:

This feature is one of the most important within the lenguague, because when you
speak (Anwer, question, utterances) you give an subjective or emotional
connotation of them, there are three forms to use the intonation (raising, falling,
fallingraising and raisingfalling).

Stress:

is described in terms of the prominences made in words and utterances it means

that the word has and a stress in one of its syllables (ba-NA-na).

Physiology of pronunciation
It how you produce a sound which the different organs of our mout, we all use the
same speech organs.

We speak using the lips, tongue, teeth, hard and soft palates and alveolar ridge,
mainly the oral and nasal cavity.

Place of articulation:

 Bilabial: move with the lips

 Labio – dental: using lower lip and upper teeth
 Dental: the tongue between the teeth
 Alveolar: using blade close of the tongue and alveolar
 Palato – alveolar: using blade and tip behind
 Palatal: the front of the tongue behind the alveolar
 Velar: back of the tongue against soft palate
 Glottal:the gapbetween the vocal cords

Vowel Chart
The position of the tongue is a useful reference to undertand the vowel chart´s tool
and describing the differences between vowel sounds, and these are summarised
in the following diagram

- Close – Mid – Open: tongue + roof

- Front – Centre – Back: vertical lines of tongue

What´s RP model to teach?

The rp model its a way to teach pronunciation this consist mainly

in the ancent for each person, for example in the english
lenguage are three kinds of ancent; The Queen English, BBC
and Oxford english, those ancent currently have differents culture
stereotypes, to teach this model is important that the student get
or assing the targets to develop the ancent in the differents
connotation to english lenguage (usa, british, irish etc).

Techniques and activities

Drilling: the teacher give to the students a word an then they have to reapt
this, we can manage two ways to elicit our students, eliciting to achieve
better pronunciation language ítems and help to remember the structure
(individually or in chorally).

Chaining:
 - Back chain: the teacher use sentences to give one of them to the
students, in this case the student drill and buit up from the end of the
sentence and they adding to its length.

- Front chain: its built from the start to the end adding to its lentgh too
may be individually or in chorally.

One pair drilling: the teacher give to the students a flash cards with two letters
(Q) and (A) and then the students make the question and give the answer too.

Substitution drilling: This involve drilling a structure.

Minimal pairs: the teacher use this technique to find the difference in the spelling
for each word.