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NASA's Mars Pathfinder mission -- the first spacecraft to land on Mars in more than 20 years and the first ever to send a rover out to
independently explore the Martian landscape – touched down on July 4, 1997 and initiated a new era of scientific exploration of the
red planet.
Mars Pathfinder was one of the first of NASA's Discovery class of missions, designed to foster rapidly developed, low-cost spacecraft
with highly focused science objectives. Pathfinder's atmospheric entry and landing on the Martian surface were the centerpiece of the
mission. After a fiery entry, the spacecraft released a large, billowing parachute to slow its descent through the thin Martian
atmosphere. Then a giant cocoon of airbags inflated seconds before landing to cushion the spacecraft's impact.
Sojourner, the small rover onboard Mars Pathfinder, is named after an African-American crusader, Sojourner Truth, who "travel(ed)
up and down the land" advocating the rights of all people to be free during the American Civil War. The vehicle travels 1 centimeter
(0.4 inch) per second and is about 65 centimeters (2 feet) long by 48 centimeters (1.5 feet) wide by 30 centimeters (1 foot) tall.
During the cruise to Mars, it was folded in its stowage space and measured only 18 centimeters (7 inches) tall. The Sojourner Rover
was equipped with three cameras -- a forward stereo system and rear color imaging system – and a laser system to detect and avoid
obstacles. Sojourner also carried an alpha proton X-ray spectrometer to measure the elemental composition of rocks and soil.
The Pathfinder mission was a great success, providing scientists with large amounts of data, pioneering many new technologies, and
demonstrating the feasibility of developing, designing launching and operating a planetary mission according to NASA’s new “faster,
better, cheaper” philosophy.
The identification of rounded pebbles and cobbles on the ground, and sockets and pebbles in some rocks, suggests conglomerates
that formed in running water, during a warmer past in which liquid water was stable. This was confirmed with more detailed results
from the Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity.
Pathfinder Mars Mission – Sojourner mini-rover CHASSIS
1:12 scale
TOP X-RAY FWD EQUIP BOX
SPECTRO
MOUNT
Sojourner
JPL
BOX FOLDING SCHEME
SUSPENSION
SUSPENSION
SUSPENSION
ANTENNA
CHASSIS
WHEEL DISK
WHEEL TREAD
ROLL
WHEEL
Pathfinder Mars Mission – Sojourner mini-rover
Rover dimensions: 65 cm (2 feet) long by 48 cm (1.5 feet) wide by 30 cm (1 foot) tall
Weight: 10.6 kilograms (23 pounds)
Science instruments: alpha proton x-ray spectrometer, 3 cameras (also technology experiments)
Power: 16 watts peak power, up to 100 watt-hours per day from solar panels, batteries
Pathfinder Mars Mission – Carl Sagan Memorial Science Station 1:12 scale
Pathfinder Mars Mission – Carl Sagan Memorial Science Station 1
1:12 scale
DO NOT LAMINATE
HINGES TO THICK CARD
2
OPTIONAL
DETAILED PETAL
PIVOT AXLE PARTS
GLUE PETALS
TO LAYER OF
THICK CARD
PRINT ON
CARDSTOCK PETAL 1 – rover
and ramps.
OPTIONAL
3
DETAILED PETAL
PIVOT AXLE PARTS
PETAL 2
OPTIONAL
DETAILED PETAL
PIVOT AXLES
1
ROLL TIGHTLY
4 PRINT ON
CARDSTOCK
Pathfinder Mars Mission – Carl Sagan Memorial Science Station 1:12 scale
HGA HGA AXLE-2; ROLL AND INSERT
PRINT ON
INTO DISK AND AXLE-1
ROLL-INSERT IN DISK
CARDSTOCK
HGA BRACKETS
PETAL 1
ROLL
Bottom
Bottom
IMAGER
MAST
IMAGER HEAD
Bottom
PRINT ON
IMAGER BASE RING CARDSTOCK
PRINT ON PLAIN PAPER TO MAKE MORE EASILY ROLLED PARTS
USE AT LEAST FOUR LAYERS FOR STRENGTH Copyright 2010 John Jogerst
OPTIONAL Not for commercial use.
Roll axle (1) around toothpick or wire, then roll For personal or educational use only.
DETAILED PETAL
additional motor parts around axle to build up 3
PIVOT AXLES 2 required diameter.
2
3
METEOROLOGY MAST
ROLL TIGHTLY
1 ROLL TIGHTLY
LOW GAIN
ANTENNA
ROLL
HGA AXLE-1
HGA
ROLL-INSERT IN DISK
HGA AXLE-2
Pathfinder Mars Mission – Carl Sagan Memorial Science Station 1:12 scale
BASE
PETAL
FOLD UP
Single leaf hinges for instrument base section. Mark centerline of existing hinges FOLD DOWN LAMINATE
then remove – cut even with the edge of the frame. Fold hinges around a core of THICK CARD
BETWEEN
FOLD UP
heavy card and use tabs to attach to frame at the positions you marked.
EDGE
CORE
OF PATTERN
BASE
FOLD UP
Double leaf hinges for petals. Mark centerline of existing hinges then remove – cut even FOLD DOWN
with the edge of the petal. Fold hinge blades around cores of heavy card and use tabs CORE
LAMINATE
FOLD UP
THICK CARD
to attach to petal at the positions you marked. Check alignment with the hinges on PATTERNS BETWEEN FOLD UP
FOLD UP