Study on Effect of Sub-cooling in Vapour Compression

Refrigeration System

A Minor Project Report

Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement of the
Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in Mechanical Engineering
BY
Tarun Solanki (EN16ME303158)
Vedant Sharma (EN16ME303163)
Yash Gangwal (EN16ME303172)

Under the Guidance of

Dr. GS Sharma

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Faculty of Engineering
MEDI-CAPS UNIVERSITY, INDORE- 453331
November, 2019
 Report Approval

The project work “Study on Effect of Sub-cooling in Vapour Compression

Refrigeration System” is hereby approved as a creditable study of an
engineering subject carried out and presented in a manner satisfactory to warrant
its acceptance as prerequisite for the Degree for which it has been submitted.
It is to be understood that by this approval the undersigned do not endorse or
approved any statement made, opinion expressed, or conclusion drawn there in;
but approve the “Project Report” only for the purpose for which it has been
submitted.

Internal Examiner
Name:
Designation:
Affiliation

External Examiner
Name:
Designation
Affiliation

ii
 Declaration

We hereby declare that the project entitled “Study on Effect of Sub-cooling in

Vapour Compression Refrigeration System” submitted in partial fulfillment
for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in ‘Mechanical
Engineering’ completed under the supervision of Dr. GS Sharma, Asst.
Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department , Faculty of Engineering,
Medi-Caps University Indore is an authentic work.

Further, we declare that the content of this Project work, in full or in parts, have
neither been taken from any other source nor have been submitted to any other
Institute or University for the award of any degree or diploma.

Signature and name of the student(s) with date

Tarun Solanki

Vedant Sharma

Yash Gangwal

iii
 Certificate

I, Dr. GS Sharma certify that the project entitled “Study on Effect of Sub-
cooling in Vapour Compression Refrigeration System” submitted in partial
fulfillment for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology by Tarun
Solanki, Vedant Sharma, Yash Gangwal is the record carried out by them
under my guidance and that the work has not formed the basis of award of any
other degree elsewhere.

________________________________ ________________________________

Dr. GS Sharma <Name of External Guide (If any)>

Mechanical Engineering Department <Name of the Department>

Medi-Caps University, Indore Name of the Organization

iv
 _____________________

Dr. Mohammed Ali

Head of the Department

Mechanical Engineering Department

Medi-Caps University, Indore

v
 Acknowledgement

We would like to express our deepest gratitude to Honorable Chancellor, Shri R C Mittal,
who provided us with every facility to successfully carry out this project, and our profound
indebtedness to Prof. (Dr.) Sunil K Somani, Vice Chancellor, Medi-Caps University, whose
unfailing support and enthusiasm has always boosted up our morale. We also thank Prof. (Dr.)
D K Panda, Dean, Faculty of Engineering, Medi-Caps University, for giving us a chance to
work on this project. We would also like to thank our Head of the Department Dr. Mohammed
Ali for his continuous encouragement for betterment of the project.

We express our heartfelt gratitude to our External Guide,

________________________________________________as well as to our Internal Guide,
Dr. GS Sharma, Asst. Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, MU, without whose
continuous help and support, this project would ever have reached to the completion.

It is their help and support, due to which we became able to complete the design and technical
report.

Without their support this report would not have been possible.

Tarun Solanki
Vedant Sharma
Yash Gangwal
B.Tech. IV Year
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Medi-Caps University, Indore

vi
 Abstract
Refrigeration is the process of decreasing the temperature of the system lower than the
surrounding. Refrigeration system works on Clausius Statement (2 nd law of thermodynamics).
The objective of this research paper is to improve the Coefficient of Performance of Vapour
Compression Refrigeration System by introducing a Liquid Suction Heat Exchanger in the
existing system. A case study is carried out on Vapour Compression Refrigeration System
using Liquid Suction Heat Exchanger to improve the coefficient of performance of the system.
To improve the coefficient of performance of the VCR system, it is required that refrigeration
effect should increase & work done to the compressor decreases. This paper identifies a way of
improving the coefficient of performance of the VCR system by using Liquid Suction Heat
Exchanger.

Keywords: VCR System, LSHX, R-134a, COP, Sub-cooling.

vii
 Table of Contents
Page No.

Report Approval ii
Declaration iii
Certificate iv
Acknowledgement vi
Abstract vii
Table of Contents viii
List of figures ix
List of tables x
Abbreviations xi
Notations & Symbols xii
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Simple Vapour Compression Refrigeration System 1
1.2 Vapour Compression Refrigeration System with Liquid
Suction Heat Exchanger
1.3 Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System
1.4 Objective
1.5 Significance
Chapter 2 Literature Review
Chapter 3 Theoretical Analysis
3.1 Assumptions
3.2 Proposed Methodology
3.3 Formulas Used
3.4 Calculations
Chapter 4 Results and Discussions
Chapter 5 Summary and Conclusions
Chapter 6 References

viii
 List of Figures

Figure No. Figures Page No.

Figure 1.1 Mechanical Circuit diagram of Simple VCR System
Figure 1.2 P-h diagram for simple VCR System
Figure 1.3 T-S diagram for simple VCR System
Figure 1.4 Schematic of the VCR System with LSHX
Figure 1.5 Representation of Sub-Cooling on T-S Coordinate
Figure 1.6 Schematic diagram of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration
System
Figure 3.1 Degree of Sub-cooling vs Percentage increase in COP
Figure 3.2 Percentage increase in Degree of Sub-cooling Vs Percentage
increase in COP

List of Tables

Table No. Table Name Page No.

Table 2.1 Comparative chart of previous research
work
Table 3.1 Value of Enthalpy (KJ/kg)
Table 3.2 Value of Specific Heat Capacity (KJ/kg-K)
Table 3.3 Value of various Temperature (K)

ix
 Table 3.4 Value of Entropy (KJ/kg-K)
Table 3.5 Value of pressure (bar) and specific volume
(m3/kg)
Table 3.6 Variables Values
Table 3.7 Without considering volumetric efficiency
Table 3.8 Considering Volumetric Efficiency
Table 4.1 Degree of sub-cooling & Percentage increase
In COP
Table 4.2 Percentage increase in degree of sub-cooling &
Percentage increase in COP

Abbreviations

VCR Vapour Compression Refrigeration

TR Ton of Refrigeration

COP Coefficient of Performance

°C Degree Celsius

K Kelvin

R.E. Refrigeration Effect

W.D. Work Done to the compressor

x
LSHX Liquid Suction Heat Exchanger

% Percentage
ηv Volumetric Efficiency

Notations & Symbols

ΔT Degree of sub-cooling = T4 - T5 (̊ C)

ΔTs Degree of sub-cooling (°C)

T1 Superheated Temperature (̊ C)

T7 Evaporator Temperature (16̊ C)

T3 Condenser Temperature (40̊ C)

T2 Condenser Discharge Temperature (°C)

Cpl2 Specific heat capacity of saturated liquid at

40 ̊ C (KJ/kg-K)

Cpv1 Specific heat capacity of saturated vapour

at -16 ̊ C (KJ/kg-K)

xi
 Cpv2 Specific heat capacity of saturated vapour
at 40 ̊ C (KJ/kg-K)

s7 Entropy of saturated vapour at -16 ̊ C

(KJ/kg-K)

s1 Entropy of superheated vapour (KJ/kg-K)

s3 Entropy of saturated vapour at 40 ̊ C

(KJ/kg-K)

h7 Enthalpy of saturated vapour at -16 ̊ C

(KJ/kg)

h4 Enthalpy of saturated liquid at 40 ̊ C

(KJ/kg)
h1 Enthalpy of Super- heated vapor (KJ/kg)

h2 Enthalpy at end of compression process

(KJ/kg)

h3 Enthalpy of saturated vapour at 40 ̊ C

(KJ/kg)

h5 = h6 (Throttling process) (KJ/kg)

V7 Specific volume of saturated vapour at
-16°C (m3/kg)

xii
 Chapter 1

Introduction

Refrigeration is the process by which we maintain the temperature of the system which is
lower than the surrounding temperature. The refrigeration is obtained with the help of
refrigerant which flows into the refrigeration system.

Types of Refrigeration System:

a. Simple Vapour Compression Refrigeration System

b. Vapour Compression Refrigeration System with Liquid Suction Heat Exchanger
c. Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System

1.1 Simple Vapour Compression Refrigeration System:

In Vapour Compression Refrigeration (VCR) system basically there are four components:

 Compressor
 Condenser
 Expansion Device
 Evaporator

o Working of the VCR system:

The schematic diagram of the VCR system is shown if fig. 1.1. The low temperature & low
pressure vapour from the evaporator goes into the compressor where the temperature &
pressure of the vapour increases. After achieving the desired pressure, the compressed vapour
is made to flow into the condenser. Condenser is a type of heat exchanger where phase
transformation takes place. The compressed vapour after entering through the condenser
undergoes phase change where the high temperature & high pressure vapour rejects the heat
to the surrounding and converts into the high pressure & high temperature liquid. Then this
high temperature & high pressure liquid is then allowed to flow into the expansion device
where the pressure decreases converting the high pressure & high temperature liquid to the
low pressure & low temperature liquid. The expansion process is called the throttling process
where the enthalpy of the saturated liquid remains constant before & after the throttling
process. Now, this low pressure & low temperature liquid is made to flow into the evaporator
where the heat is added to the liquid vapour refrigerant at constant pressure from the
surrounding which is to be cooled. With reference to the above working of VCR system,
following graphs like P-h & T-S are plotted & shown in fig. 1.2 & fig. 1.3 respectively.

Fig. 1.1: Mechanical Circuit diagram of Simple VCR System

o Graphs in VCR system:

Fig. 1.2: P-h diagram for simple VCR System

 Fig. 1.3: T-S diagram for Simple VCR System

o Processes in VCR System:

1. Process 1-2: Isentropic Compression

2. Process 2-3: Heat rejection at constant pressure
3. Process 3-4: Throttling process
4. Process 4-1: Heat addition at constant pressure

For VCR System, the performance measuring parameter is the “Coefficient of Performance”
which is defined as the ration of refrigeration effect to the work input to the compressor.

Mathematically,

Refrigeration Effect
C . O . P .= the compressor ¿
Work Done ¿

h1−h4
C . O . P .=
h 2−h1

o Limitations of VCR system:

1. The cost of VCR system is quite high.

2. The leakage of refrigerant is the main problem.
3. Power consumption is another major problem in VCR system.

There are various methods by which we can optimize the power consumption in VCR
system.

They are:
 1. Liquid Suction Heat Exchanger.
2. By using single & double cellulose pad in cooling towers.
3. Matrix Heat Exchanger.
4. By using water cooled & air cooled condenser.

Out of the above mentioned methods, we have used “Liquid Suction Heat Exchanger” method
to optimize the power input to the compressor.

1.2 Vapour Compression Refrigeration System with Liquid Suction Heat

Exchanger:
o Liquid Suction Heat Exchanger:

The basic aim of installing this heat exchanger in the VCR system is to optimize the power
input to the compressor. In other words, the aim is to increase the COP of the system. This
can be done by increasing the refrigeration effect & decreasing the work input to the
compressor.

The basic components used in this type of VCR system is same as that of the simple VCR
system with the only difference that a heat exchanger is installed along with the VCR system.
The schematic diagram of VCR with LSHX is shown in fig. 1.4.

Fig. 1.4: Schematic of the VCR System with LSHX

 o Working of the VCR system with Liquid Suction Heat Exchanger:

The superheated vapour from the compressor goes into the condenser where phase change
occurs & it converts into the saturated liquid. Then this saturated liquid goes into the heat
exchanger where it rejects heat to the liquid-vapour mixture coming from the evaporator &
gets sub-cooled. Now this sub-cooled liquid goes into the expansion device where it converts
into the low pressure & low temperature liquid-vapour mixture. Then this liquid-vapour
mixture goes into the evaporator where heat addition takes place at constant pressure &
refrigeration effect is obtained. The low pressure & low temperature liquid-vapour mixture
after coming out of the evaporator goes into the heat exchanger where it gains the heat from
the sub-cooling of the saturated liquid. After that it becomes saturated vapour & then enters
into the compressor & the cycle continues. With reference to above working of VCR system
with LSHX, the temperature-entropy curve (T-S) is shown in fig. 1.5.

o Representation of Sub cooling:

Fig. 1.5: Representation of Sub-Cooling on T-S Coordinate

o Processes:

1. Process 1-2 : Isentropic Compression

2. Process 2-3 : De-superheating
3. Process 3-4 : Heat rejection at constant pressure
4. Process 4-5 : Sub-cooling
5. Process 5-6 : Isenthalpic process
6. Process 6-7 : Heat addition at constant pressure
7. Process 7-1 : Superheating
 Refrigeration Effect
C . O . P .= ¿
Work done the compressor
¿

h2 −h1
C . O . P .=
h1−h6

1.3 Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System:

The main components of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System are:

 Absorber
 Pump
 Generator
 Expansion Valve

o Working of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System:

Refrigerant vapour from the evaporator & weak solution from the generator is mixing in the
absorber & weak solution is absorbing the vapour refrigerant. This absorption process is
exothermic & heat generated is rejected to surrounding & the strong solution is going from
the absorber to the generator with the help of the pump. Pump is used to send strong solution
from the absorber pressure to the condenser pressure to the generator. In generator, the lower
boiling point refrigerant is separated from the strong solution by using heat from the heat
source. The refrigerant vapour formed in the generator goes to the condenser for heat transfer
& the weak solution is send back to absorber by using expansion device. The working of
Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System is shown in fig. 1.6.
 Fig. 1.6: Schematic diagram of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System

1.4 Objective:
 To evaluate the Coefficient of Performance of the Refrigeration System with liquid
suction heat exchanger by using R-134a refrigerant.

1.5 Significance:

 In various industries for storing different types of products, there is requirement of

high coefficient of performance which cannot be achieved by simple VCR System.
Therefore, a liquid suction heat exchanger is installed along with the VCR system
which results in increase in COP of the refrigeration system.

Chapter 2
Introduction
In this chapter following research papers have been studied on the basis of their work & their
conclusions are represented in the tabular format.

Literature Review
[1] P.A Domanski, D.A. Didion and J.P. Doyle (1992) focused on the evaluation of the
suction line liquid line heat exchanger in the refrigeration cycle. The study showed
that the benefit of application of the liquid suction heat exchanger depends on a
combination of operating conditions and fluid properties. Fluids that perform well in
the basic cycle are marginally affected by the lshx, and the impact on the Coefficient
of Performance and volumetric capacity may be either positive or negative. Fluids
performing poorly in the basic cycle benefit from the lshx installation through increase
of the Coefficient of Performance and volumetric capacity.
[2] S. A. Klein, D. T. Reindl, and K. Brownell (2000) extended the analysis by evaluating
the influence of liquid suction heat exchanger in simple vapour compression
refrigeration system. And conclude that by installing liquid suction heat exchanger
which lead to the performance improvements for any refrigerant by neglecting the
reduction in refrigerant mass flow rate and for the closer evaluation of heat exchangers
increases the temperature and reduce the pressure of the refrigerant entering the
compressor causing the decrease in the refrigerant density and compressor volumetric
efficiency, and said that heat exchanger should be selected according to the properties
of the refrigerant.
[3] R. Mastrullo, A.W. Mauro, S. Tino, G.P. Vanoli (2007) presents the effects produced
by a suction/liquid heat exchanger installed in a refrigerating cycle, evidencing that, its
use can improve or decrease the system performance depending on the operating
conditions. They conclude that the adoption of the suction/liquid heat exchanger is a
profitable choice to prevent flash gas formation at the inlet of the expansion device
and to assure the absence of residual liquid at the compressor suction. The benefit
produced by application of the SLHX on system performances depends on the
combination of operating conditions and fluid properties.
[4] G. Maruthi Prasad Yadav, P. Rajendra Prasad, G. Veeresh (2011) studied about the
application of capillary tube VCR System with liquid suction heat exchanger. Because
of simplicity and low cost, capillary tubes are used as the expansion device in most
small refrigeration and air conditioning systems. Another advantage is that capillary
 tubes allow high and low side pressures to equalize during the off-cycle, thereby
reducing the starting torque required by the compressor.
[5] G.Edision, A. Suresh & K. Narayan Rao (2012) studied about the uses of the
refrigerant R-12 in this system and they concluded that volumetric efficiency increases
due to density of liquid increases so mass flow increase by which cooling effect
increases.
[6] Shoeb J. Inamdar, H.S. Farkade (November, 2016) calculated the effects of heat
exchanger in simple VCRS with R-134a varying length, and concluded that if length
of heat exchanger increases then heat rejection rate per TR decreased, and the cooling
effect increased.
[7] M. Krishna Prasanna (2014) concluded that the refrigeration effect of the system is
increased up to 16% using the heat exchanger with vapour compression refrigeration
system. The COP (coefficient of performance) of the system is increased up to 16%
using the heat exchanger with vapour compression refrigeration system. Mass flow of
refrigerant (mR) is reduced up to 14% using the heat exchanger with vapour
compression refrigeration system. Heat available for de-superheating (Q) increases as
the evaporation temperature decreases. So by attaching heat exchanger to the vapour
compression refrigeration system and regulating water into heat exchanger, outlet
temperature of the water (t2) in heat exchanger increases. That hot water can be used
for useful purpose. Power required to run the compressor is reduced up to 14% by
using the heat exchanger with vapour compression refrigeration system.
[8] Ms. Priyanka V. Desai, Mr. Umang M. Satute, Mr. Suraj N. Salunke, Mr. Rushikesh
A. Taware, Mr. Akshay B. Ransing (April, 2017) work on the performance of
refrigeration system by increasing the C.O.P. of the system by employing liquid
suction heat exchanger, with any refrigerant. Due to this addition there is variation in
the system parameters such that sub cooling, super heating, C.O.P. increases and the
compressor work is also increased in small amount due to change in state of
refrigerant entering in the compressor as a result of which the mass flow rate also
increases as the temperature and pressure increases by the use of heat exchanger.
[9] Prayudi, Roswati Nurhasanah, and Retno Aita Diantari (2017) done the analysis and
concluded the effectiveness of the liquid suction sub cooling heat exchanger affect to
decrease the evaporation temperature, and increase sub cooling temperature,
refrigeration capacity, working compressor and COP of relative system. They use the
mixture refrigerant R290/R600a with the indicator evaporation temperature,
refrigeration capacity, working compressor and COP system has performance better
 than using refrigerant R22 and R404A and can be used as a substitute in vapour
compression refrigeration system with sub cooling.

Chapter 3

Introduction
In this chapter, theoretical analysis of the project has been done. This chapter deals with the
assumptions which have been made, the proposed methodology which has been adopted &
the formulas which have been used during our calculations & then showing the results in
tabulated form.

Theoretical Analysis

3.1 Assumptions:
 Refrigerant used: R-134a
 Refrigerant Capacity = 1 TR = 3.5 KW
 Condenser Temperature = 40 ̊ C
 Evaporator Temperature = -16 ̊ C
 Mass Flow Rate is constant.

3.2 Proposed Methodology:

To study the variation in COP in Vapour Compression Refrigeration system, introduced a
Liquid Suction Heat Exchanger in the existing Refrigeration System.

Initially the COP is calculated when degree of sub-cooling was zero.

After that the degree of sub-cooling is increased by 0.5 ̊ C in every subsequent stage.

Then the COP of the VCR System is calculated along with the LSHX.

After this, analysis is done by plotting graphs of increase in degree of sub-cooling & %
increase in COP and % increase in degree of sub-cooling & % increase in COP.

Accordingly, the variation of COP is observed.

3.3 Formulas Used:

Across the liquid suction heat exchanger,

Heat Rejected during sub-cooling = Heat Gained during super heating

C pl 2
1) T 1=T 7 + ( ∆ T ) [ assuming Mass flow rate is constant ]
C pv1

T1 5) h2 =h3 +c pv2 ( T 2−T 3 )

2) s1=s7 + c pv 1∗ln
T7
6) h6 =h5=h4 −c pl2 ( ∆ T )
T2
3) s2=s 3+ c pv 2∗ln 7) R . E .=( h7 −h6 )
T3
8) W . D.=(h2−h1 )
4) h1 =h7 +c pv1∗ΔT s

R . E . ( h7 −h6 )
C . O . P .= =
W . D. ( h 2−h1 )

3.4 Calculations:

 Given Data [10]:

Value of Enthalpy (KJ/kg):

Table 3.1

h3 h4 h7
419.58 256.35 389.11

Value of Specific Heat Capacity (KJ/kg-K):

Table 3.2

Cpl1 Cpv1 Cpv2

1.5 0.82 1.12

Value of various Temperature (K):

Table 3.3

T3=T4 T7
313 257

Value of Entropy (KJ/kg-K):

Table 3.4

s3 s7
1.7115 1.7383

Value of pressure (bar) and specific volume (m3/kg):

Table 3.5
 p2 p7 v7
10.165 1.5721 0.1256

Variables Values:
Table 3.6
h1 h2 h5=h6 T1 T2 ΔTs ΔT
KJ/kg KJ/kg KJ/kg K K K K

Without considering volumetric efficiency:

Table 3.7
S. No. ΔT T1 ΔTs h1 h2 h5=h6 R.E. W.D. C.O.P.

   °C K  K  KJ/kg  KJ/kg  KJ/kg  KJ/kg  KJ/kg   

1 0 257 0 389.11 428.069 256.35 132.76 38.959 3.407

2 0.5 257.5 0.914634 390.0246 429.004 255.6 133.51 39.144 3.41

3 1 258 1.829268 390.9393 429.938 254.85 134.26 39.328 3.413

4 1.5 258.5 2.743902 391.8539 430.872 254.1 135.01 39.512 3.416

5 2 259 3.658537 392.7685 431.804 253.35 135.76 39.694 3.42

6 2.5 259.5 4.573171 393.6832 432.736 252.6 136.51 39.876 3.423

7 3 260 5.487805 394.5978 433.669 251.85 137.26 40.056 3.426

8 3.5 260.5 6.402439 395.5124 434.596 251.1 138.01 40.236 3.429

9 4 261 7.317073 396.4271 435.525 250.35 138.76 40.415 3.433

10 4.5 261.5 8.231707 397.3417 436.453 249.6 139.51 40.593 3.436

11 5 262 9.146341 398.2563 437.381 248.85 140.26 40.771 3.44

12 5.5 262.5 10.06098 399.171 438.307 248.1 141.01 40.947 3.443

13 6 263 10.97561 400.0856 439.233 247.35 141.76 41.123 3.447

14 6.5 263.5 11.89024 401.0002 440.157 246.6 142.51 41.297 3.45

15 7 264 12.80488 401.9149 441.081 245.85 143.26 41.471 3.454

16 7.5 264.5 13.71951 402.8295 442.004 245.1 144.01 41.644 3.458

17 8 265 14.63415 403.7441 442.926 244.35 144.76 41.816 3.461

18 8.5 265.5 15.54878 404.6588 443.848 243.6 145.51 41.988 3.465

19 9 266 16.46341 405.5734 444.768 242.85 146.26 42.158 3.469

20 9.5 266.5 17.37805 406.488 445.688 242.1 147.01 42.497 3.473

21 10 267 18.29268 407.4027 446.607 241.35 147.76 42.665 3.476

 22 10.5 267.5 19.20732 408.3173 447.525 240.6 148.51 42.832 3.48

23 11 268 20.12195 409.232 448.442 239.85 149.26 42.999 3.484

24 11.5 269 21.03659 410.1466 449.359 239.1 150.01 43.164 3.488

25 12 269.5 21.95122 411.0612 450.274 238.85 150.26 43.329 3.492

26 12.5 270 22.86585 411.9759 451.189 237.6 151.51 43.493 3.496

27 13 257 23.78049 412.8905 452.103 236.85 152.26 43.656 3.5

Considering Volumetric Efficiency:

Table 3.8

S. No. ΔT T1 ΔTs h1 h2 h5=h6 ηv R.E. W.D. C.O.P.

°C K K KJ/kg KJ/kg KJ/kg KJ/kg KJ/kg

1 0 257 0 389.11 428.069 256.35 1 132.76 38.95957 3.407635

2 0.5 257.5 0.914634 390.0246 429.004 255.6 0.996454 133.51 39.28398 3.398587

3 1 258 1.829268 390.9393 429.938 254.85 0.992933 134.26 39.60881 3.38965

4 1.5 258.5 2.743902 391.8539 430.872 254.1 0.989436 135.01 39.93406 3.380823

5 2 259 3.658537 392.7685 431.804 253.35 0.985964 135.76 40.25973 3.372104

6 2.5 259.5 4.573171 393.6832 432.736 252.6 0.982517 136.51 40.5858 3.363492

7 3 260 5.487805 394.5978 433.669 251.85 0.979093 137.26 40.91227 3.354983

8 3.5 260.5 6.402439 395.5124 434.596 251.1 0.975693 138.01 41.23914 3.346578

9 4 261 7.317073 396.4271 435.525 250.35 0.972317 138.76 41.5664 3.338273

10 4.5 261.5 8.231707 397.3417 436.453 249.6 0.968964 139.51 41.89405 3.330067

11 5 262 9.146341 398.2563 437.381 248.85 0.965634 140.26 42.22208 3.321959

12 5.5 262.5 10.06098 399.171 438.307 248.1 0.962327 141.01 42.55048 3.313946

13 6 263 10.97561 400.0856 439.233 247.35 0.959043 141.76 42.87925 3.306028

14 6.5 263.5 11.89024 401.0002 440.157 246.6 0.95578 142.51 43.20838 3.298202

15 7 264 12.80488 401.9149 441.081 245.85 0.95254 143.26 43.53788 3.290468

16 7.5 264.5 13.71951 402.8295 442.004 245.1 0.949322 144.01 43.86773 3.282823

17 8 265 14.63415 403.7441 442.926 244.35 0.946126 144.76 44.19793 3.275267

18 8.5 265.5 15.54878 404.6588 443.848 243.6 0.94295 145.51 44.52847 3.267797

19 9 266 16.46341 405.5734 444.768 242.85 0.939797 146.26 44.85935 3.260413

20 9.5 266.5 17.37805 406.488 445.688 242.1 0.936664 147.01 45.19057 3.253112

21 10 267 18.29268 407.4027 446.607 241.35 0.933552 147.76 45.52211 3.245895

22 10.5 267.5 19.20732 408.3173 447.525 240.6 0.930461 148.51 45.85398 3.238759

23 11 268 20.12195 409.232 448.442 239.85 0.92739 149.26 46.18616 3.231704

24 11.5 269 21.03659 410.1466 449.359 239.1 0.924339 150.01 46.51866 3.224727

25 12 269.5 21.95122 411.0612 450.274 238.85 0.921308 150.26 46.85147 3.217828

26 12.5 270 22.86585 411.9759 451.189 237.6 0.918297 151.51 47.18458 3.211006

27 13 257 23.78049 412.8905 452.103 236.85 0.915306 152.26 47.51799 3.20426

Chapter 4

Introduction
This chapter deals with the results which have been obtained from the calculation. The
percentage increase in coefficient of performance have been calculated for increase in
degree of sub-cooling by 0.5°C & the variation is shown with the help of the graph.

Results & Discussions

1) Degree of Sub-cooling VS Percentage Increase in COP:
Table 4.1

Degree of sub-cooling Percentage Increase in C.O.P.

0 0
0.5 0.35
1 0.70
1.5 1.05
2 1.40
2.5 1.74
3 2.09
3.5 2.43
4 2.76
4.5 3.10
5 3.43
5.5 3.76
6 4.09
6.5 4.42
7 4.74
7.5 5.06
8 5.38
8.5 5.70
9 6.02
9.5 6.33
10 6.64
10.5 6.95
11 7.26
11.5 7.56
12 7.86
12.5 8.17
13 8.46

2) Percentage Increase in Degree of Sub-cooling VS Percentage Increase in COP:

Table 4.2

Degree of sub-cooling Percentage Increase in C.O.P.

0 0
0.5 0.35
1 0.70
 1.5 1.05
2 1.40
2.5 1.74
3 2.09
3.5 2.43
4 2.76
4.5 3.10
5 3.43
5.5 3.76
6 4.09
6.5 4.42
7 4.74
7.5 5.06
8 5.38
8.5 5.70
9 6.02
9.5 6.33
10 6.64
10.5 6.95
11 7.26
11.5 7.56
12 7.86
12.5 8.17
13 8.46

3)
 10

8
Percentage increase in COP

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
degree of sub-cooling

Fig. 4.1: Degree of Sub-cooling vs Percentage increase in COP

4)

10

8
Percentage increase in COP

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Percentage increase in degree of sub-cooling

Fig. 4.2: Percentage increase in Degree of Sub-cooling vs Percentage increase in COP

According to our calculation, the graphs have been plotted between the Degree of Sub-
cooling VS Percentage Increase in COP and Percentage increase in Degree of Sub-cooling vs
Percentage Increase in COP and it is found out that COP of the VCR System increases by
installing a liquid suction heat exchanger.

Chapter 5
Introduction
In this chapter, following conclusions are drawn on our theoretical analysis.

Summary & Conclusions

 Due to superheating process, the mass flow rate of refrigerant going into the
compressor decreases. But if we assume that the mass flow rate is constant then
according to our study, we came to a conclusion that on increasing the degree of sub-
cooling, the COP of the VCR system is increased by installing a liquid suction heat
exchanger in case of R-134a refrigerant. Therefore, installing a liquid suction heat
exchanger improves the performance of the VCR system since the refrigeration effect
increases.
 But COP does not always increases with the increase in the amount of sub-cooling
because a point comes when it attains a maximum value & after that it decreases due
to increase in compressor work.

Chapter 6
References
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(1994)
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