Chemistry CAP PROGRAMME

KESHAVA REDDY MEDICINE & IIT FOUNDATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES

1. Name the groups and periods of the elements having atomic numbers

a) 17 b) 33 c) 24 d) 26

Sol. In normal elements,

Group number = No of valency electrons

In transition elements,

Group number = No of s electrons + No.of d - electrons or unpaired d - electrons

Period number = Outermost orbit number.

a) Atomic number = 17

Electronic configuration = 1s² 2s² 2p6 3s² 3p5

Group number = VIIA

Period number = 3

b) Atomic number = 33

Electronic configuration = 1s² 2s² 2p6 3s² 3p6 4s² 3d10 4p³

Group number = VA

Period number = 4

c) Atomic number = 24

Electronic configuration = 1s² 2s² 2p6 3s² 3p6 4s1 3d5

Group number = VIB

Period number = 4

d) Atomic number = 26

Electronic configuration - 1s² 2s² 2p6 3s² 3p6 4s² 3d6

Group number - VIII
Period number = 4.
2. The elements Z = 117 and 120 have not yet been discovered. In which group would
you place these elements and also give the electronic configuration in each case.
14
Sol. Z= 117 element electronic configuration is [Rn] 4f 5d10 7s² 7p5
The group of the element is VIIA group.
Z = 120 element electronic configuration is [Uuo] 8s²
The group of the element is IIA group.

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3. Write the electronic configuration of inert gases, representative elements, transi-

tion elements and inner transition elements.

Sol. 1) Inert gases = ns² np6

2) Representative elements - ns1 to ns² np5
3) Transition elements (n - 1)d1-10 ns1-2
1-14 0 or 1
4) Inner transition elements - (n - 2)f (n - 1)d ns².

4. Write the electronic configuration of s, p, d and f block elements.

Sol. 1) s - block elements - ns1 and ns6

2) p - block elements - ns² np1-6
3) d - block elements -(n - 1) d1-10 ns1-2
4) f - block elements -(n - 2)f1-14 (n - 1)d 0 or 1
ns².

5. Why the atomic size of noble gases is higher than halogens ?

Sol. Noble gas atoms are attracted by vander waals forces but halogen atoms are attracted
by covalent bonds. So atomic size of noble gas is higher than halogens.

6. Give the correct order of size of the following ions Na+ Mg+2, O-2 and F¯.

Sol. In iso electronic ions, the size of the ion decreases with increase of the nuclear
charge. So the order of size of the ions is O-2 > F¯ > Na+ > Mg+2. J

7. Which of the following species will have the largest and smallest size ?

Mg, Mg+2, Al, Al+3

Sol. Atomic size decreases across a period. Cations are smaller than their parent atoms.
Among iso electronic ions, the one with the high atomic number will have a smaller
size. Hence the largest size is Mg and the smallest size is At+3.

8. Give the names of the highest atomic size, highest ionisation potential, highest
electron affinity and highest electronegativity elements in the periodic table.

Sol. The highest atomic size element - Francium

The highest ionisation potential element - Helium
The highest electron affinity element - Chlorine
The highest electronegativity element - Fluorine
9. The electronic configuration of A and B are 1s² 2s² 2p6 3s² and 1s² 2s² 2p5 respec-
tively, the formula of the compound formed between them is

Sol. Valency of A = 2

Valency of B = 1

The formula of the compound A B = AlB2 = AB2.

2
1

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10. An element 'X' formed an oxide X2O5, X belongs to which group in the perodic table.

Sol. Valency of X element = 5

Group number of X element = VA.

11. Using the periodic table, predict the formulae of compounds which might be formed
by the following pairs of elements (a) silicon and bromine (b) aluminium and sulphur.

Sol. a) Valency of silicon (IV group) = 4

Valency of bromine (VII group) - 1

Formula of the compound - Si Br4

b) Valency of aluminium (III group) = 3

Valency of sulphur (VI group) = 2

Formula of the compound = Al2S3

12. The electronic configuration of a transition element is + 3 state is [Ar] 3d4. The
atomic number of the element is

Sol. No of electrons in transition element = 18 + 4 + 3 = 25

Atomic number = No of electrons = 25.

13. From the following atomic number 9, 12, 16, 20, 39, 47, 56 select a set representing
a group of elements.

Sol. In a group, atomic numbers are differ by 2, 8, 18 or 32.

So a group of elements are 12, 20, 56.

14. Ionisation potential of Beryllium is greater than boron why ?

Sol. Beryllium contains (ls² 2s²) completely filled s - orbital and s - sub shell is more
penetrate towards nucleus.

15. In a group electron affinity of the first element is lower than the second element.
Why ?

Sol. It is due to the low atomic size and high electronic repulsions in 2p sub shell.

16. Among the elements with atomic number 9, 12 and 36, identify by atomic of
an element which is (a) highly electronegative (b) an inert gas (c)
highly electropositive and give reasons for your choice.

Sol. Atomic number 9 configuration - [He] 2s² 2p5

Atomic number 12 configuration - [Ni] 3s²
Atomic number 36 configuration = [Ar] 3d10 As² 4p6
a) Highly electronegative is atomic number 9 because it accepts one electron to get
stable inert gas configuration.

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b) Inert gas is atomic number 36 because it contains 8 electrons in the outermost

orbit.

c) Highly it loses two electrons to acquire inert gas configuration.

17. Two elements A and B have atomic number 16 and 19 respectively.

(a) which element belongs to s-block of periodic table

(b) which element belongs to p-block

(c) which of the element is powerful reducing agent.

(d) write down the formula of compound formed between A and B.

Sol. Electronic configuratin of element A = [Ne] 3s² 3p4

Electronic configuration of element B - [Ni] 3s² 3p6 4s1

a) Element B belongs s-block because the last electron occupys in s sub shell

b) Element A belongs to p-block because the last electron occupys in p-subshell

c) Element B is powerful reducing agent because, it lose valency electron easily.

d) Valency of A = 2

Valency of B = 1

So the formula of the compound formed is AB2.

18. Name the groups and periods of the elements having atomic numbers 18 and 26.

What are the possible valencies of the above elements?

Sol. Electronic configuration of elements (Z=18)=ls² 2s² 2p6 3s² 3p6

Electronic configuration of element B (Z= 26) = 1s² 2s² 2p6 3s² 3p6 4s² 3d6

A belongs to third period and O group.

B belongs to fourth period and VIII group.

A is an inert gas, its valency is zero while B is a transition metal. It can show variable
valency. Its possible valencies are 2, 3 and 6.

19. Ionisation potential and electron affinity of fluorine are 17.42 and 3.45
eV respectively. Calculate the electronegativity of fluorine.

IP  EA
Sol. X 
5.6
When both IP and EA are taken in eV

17.42  3.45
XF   3.726
5.6

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20. The electron affinity of chlorine is 3.7 eV. How much energy in K.Cal is released
when 2 gram of chlorine is completely converted to Cl ¯ ion in a gaseous state?

(1 eV = 23.06 K.cal/moles)

Sol. Cl + e¯  Cl ¯ + 3.7 eV

35.5 gram 3.7 x 23.06 K.Cal

2 gram ?

Energy released for conversion of 2gram of

3.7 x 23.06 x 2
Chlorine into Cl ¯ ion =  4.5 K.Cal
35.5
21. Calculate the electronegativity of carbon from the following data.

EH-H = 104.2 K.Cal ; Ec-c= 83.1 K.Cal

Ec-w = 98.8 K.Cal ; XH = 2.1

Sol. According to Pauling sclae.

Xc - XH = 0.208 
1
 = EC-H   E C  C  EH  H 
2
1
= 98.8  83.1  104.2  5.15
2
XC- 2.1 = 0.208 5.15

= 0.208 x 2.269 = 0.4719

XC = 2.1 + 0.4719

XC = 2.5719

Electronegativity of carbon = 2.5719.

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