Conceptual view of a chilled-water

cooled air-conditioning system

Engineered Variable Speed Control

Pattern of Designed ambient
temp. v/s actual ambient temp.
35
30
25
20 ambient temp.
15 design temp.

10
5
0
0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 0:00
 Engineered Variable Speed Control
Water flow requirement based on actual
ambient temperature
160
140
120
100 Flow requirement
80 Design flow
60 Actual flow Supplied
40
20
0
0

0
0
00
00

00

00

00
:0
:0

:0
:0
6:
0:

3:

9:

0:
18
12

21
15

Saving on Compressor
140

120

100

80

60

40

20

Unloader control Speed control

 ENERGY SAVING OPPORTUNITIES
in Running HVAC SYSTEMS

• Inefficient/ aged HVAC installations

• Over sized equipment
• Variable load.
• Manually controlled HVAC system.
• Improper preventive maintenance.

ENERGY SAVING OPPORTUNITIES

categorized
Energy saving opportunities are identified through walk-in
/detailed energy audits and are fall into three categories.
• Cat. I Requires practically no capital investment to implement,
e.g. changing design conditions, settings etc.
• Cat. 2Can be implemented at relatively low cost, e.g.
engineered variable speed controls and other options.
• Cat. 3 Requires substantial capital outlay e.g. replacing
inefficient plants with hi-tech energy efficient plants, such as
Screw Chillers ( E.C.B.C ) or VAM.
 Category I
NO INVESTMENTS

Close monitoring of HVAC system:-

• Improve and/or implement good maintenance practices
• Periodically checking actual performance of equipment &
comparing with rated performance
• Clean heat exchangers periodically
• Replace lubricating oil periodically
• Check water quality periodically & provide treatment if required

Category I
NO INVESTMENTS
• Check water wastage / leakage's in pump /valve glands
and arrest them.
• Check chilled-water pipe insulation & line losses
• Constantly challenge the process requirement &
change it.e.g.
- increase room temp
- increase chilled water temp
- reduce flow rate
- increase relative humidity,etc
 Category 2
MODERATE INVESTMENTS

• Overdesigned equipments / variable load

- Replace motors with suitable new efficient motors.
- Introduce engineered variable speed control.
- Redesigning a water / air distribution.
- Introduce a de-superheater to get benefit of
a. Free hot water & reduced fuel consumption.
b. Reduced kW/TR ratio through reduction in discharge pressure

Category 2
MODERATE INVESTMENTS

•Replacement of inefficient chilled and condenser

Water pumps.
• Change the process of air-conditioning.
(use recirculatory air instead of treated fresh air.)
• Automize the operation to avoid human interference
and error.
 Category 3
Capital Investment

• Replace old plants completely or partly with

energy efficient plants.

Energy savings measures through efficient

operation and maintenance
• The suction Temperature, discharge pressure of compressors – to be
maintained at optimum level
– Ensure all indicators are working properly
– Monitor and maintain record on oil level
• Condensers
– Remove scale, algae and adopt for suitable water treatment
– Lesser the water temperature more the COP
– Routine cleaning of Cooling coils / condenser coils
– Stop condenser water pump when compressor not working
Impact due to the Variation of Condenser Water
Inlet Temperature on
Power Consumption
Refrigeration Specific Increase in
Water Temp
Capacity Power kW/TR
(0C)
(tons) Consumption (%)
26.7 31.5 1.17 -
35.0 21.4 1.27 8.5
40.0 20.0 1.41 20.5

• CHILLERS

•EFFECT OF SCALE ON CONDENSING

•TEMPERATURE
 Clean Scale Thickness Power Increase
0 0 0
.0001 .001 1.10
.0005 .006 5.50
.001 .012 11.00
.002 .024 22.00
.003 .036 33.00
.004 .048 44.00

Energy Saving Opportunities in Cooling

Towers
− Follow manufacturer’s recommended clearances around cooling towers and relocate
or modify structures that interfere with the air intake or exhaust.
− Optimise cooling tower fan blade angle on a seasonal and/or load basis.
− Correct excessive and/or uneven fan blade tip clearance and poor fan balance. .
− Install new nozzles to obtain a mor e uniform water pattern
− Periodically clean cooling tower distribution nozzles.
− Cover hot water basins to minimize algae growth that contributes to fouling.
− Optimize blow down flow rate, as per limit.
 ENERGY SAVING OPPORTUNITIES-
AHU
üAdjust air cooling set points according to
requirement.
üOptimized start stop of air handling units
üIntroduce zone isolation & variable air flow for
large office area or hall
üVariable speed drive for AHUs
üCollect condensate collection from AHUs for
landscaping .

EM&RBG
17INTEGRATED SYSTEMS INCOMPARABLE
VALUE

Energy Saving Opportunities in Cooling Coils

Bio-film, Mould, Bacteria, Dust = Plugged up coils, Reduced Air flow,

Higher running costs, Reduces the efficiency
 Energy Conservation Opportunities in
Pumping Systems
•Ensure adequate Net Positive Suction Head at site of installation
•Operate pumps near best efficiency point.
•Modify pumping system and pumps losses to minimize throttling.
•Adapt to wide load variation with variable speed drives or sequenced control
of multiple units.
•Stop running multiple pumps - add an auto-start for an on-line spare or add a
booster pump in the problem area.
•Increase fluid temperature differentials to reduce pumping rates in case of
heat exchangers.
•Repair seals and packing to minimize water loss by dripping.
•Balance the system to minimize flows and reduce pump power requirements.

Case Study II
SCREW V/S RECIPROCATING
Description Existing Recip Screw

Cap installed 120 TR x 5= 600 TR 240 TR x 2= 480 TR

Cap derived @ 65% 400 Tr
KW/TR 1.1 0.67
K.w 440 322
Op hrs 24 24
Op days 365 365
Tariff 6.57 6.57
Usage factor 0.8 0.8
Op cost 202.58 lacs 148.25 lacs
Annual expected savings 54.33 lacs
Investment for new
Screw Chiller 86.7 lacs
Pay back period 19 months
 Case Study III
Replacement of Chilled & Condenser Water Pumps
Existing Pumps KW New Pump KW Saving in KW
Condensor Pump 31 KW 24 KW 9 KW
CHW Pump 41 KW 23 KW 18 KW
Savings in Rs
Saving in Rs W Hrs / Day Day / Year Rs / KW H Total Saving
Cond. Pump 9 KW 24 hrs. 350 3.50/- 2,64,00/-
CHW Pump 18 KW 24 hrs. 350 3.50/- 5,29,900/-
Total 7,93,800/-

Cost of New Pump Rs 7,30,000/-

Payback period = 11 months

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