TERMINOLOGIES

Number of Occupants
 Not a basis in determining the type of private sewage disposal system to be
used when permitted by the DENR
Coagulation-Flocculation
 The process by which small sediment particles which do not settle will
combine together to form larger particles which can then be moved by
sedimentation.
Polluted water
 Water that contains one or more impurities that make water unsuitable for a
desired use
Acidity
 Water quality problem cause by the presence of carbon dioxide in the water
Introduce water softeners made up of zeolite
 Possible correction of hardness of water
Corrosion of non-ferrous pipes, rusting and clogging of steel pipes
 Effect of acidic water in the plumbing system
Subsurface absorption field
 Must be provided to septic tanks by building located in areas where there is
no sanitary sewerage system whenever they will dispose their waste in
accordance with the building code
“Chlorine gas is denser than air.”

Presence of Algae
 Causes bad taste and odor of water
Toxic waste
 Prohibited waste in a plumbing system
Leaching chamber
 One half of the digestive chamber
Pond Scum
 Undesirable type of vegetation that is formed when the water reservoir is
exposed to light
Scum
 The jelly like substance formed in the process of coagulation
Anaerobic
 Bacteria living or active in the absence of free oxygen
Sedimentation
 The chief factor in clarification of still water since particles of solid materials
will settle more readily in still than flowing water
Dilution
 Do not belong in water purification
Gray water
 Water drained from lavatories, sink, laundry trays and showers; contains
minor pollutants
Black water
 Water drained from water closets and urinals; carries body waste and
contains major pollutants
  Water from human waste, solid and liquid, urine that is flushed out of toilets
and urinals.

Storm water
 Rainwater drained from roof gutter and downspout
Aeration
 Water is released into the air to release any trap gases and absorb additional
oxygen for better taste
Coagulation
 The chemical process in which the coagulant reacts with the sediment to
make it capable of combining into larger particles. This is called
destabilization.
Flocculation
 Physical process in which the sediment particles collide with each other and
stick together.
 A water treatment process that promotes aggregation of small particles into
larger particles that can be subsequently removed by sedimentation and/or
filtration
Sedimentation
 This is the process by which suspended solids are removed from the water by
gravity settling and disposition. This process usually follows coagulation-
flocculation. The objective of this process is to remove most of the suspended
solids, reducing the loads of the filter.
 Formation of layers of heavy particles in the influent
Filtration
 This is the passage of fluid through a porous medium suspended matter
which did not settle by gravity. In water purification, matter to be removed
includes suspended silts, clay, colloids, and microorganisms including algae,
bacteria and viruses. A filter bed consist of granular non-porous material held
one place by the force of gravity or by the direction of flow.
 A means of filtering out any solid matter from the effluent
Digestion
 The portion of the sewage treatment process in which biochemical
decomposition of organic matters takes place, resulting in the formation of
simple organic and mineral substances
Influent
 Untreated sewage flowing into a treatment system
Effluent
 Treated or partially treated sewage flowing out of a treatment system
 An outflowing of water from a natural body of water or from a sewage
treatment facility.
Aerobic (bacterial) digestion
 Digestion of waste through the natural bacteria digestive action in a tank or
chamber
Active sludge
 The sewage sediment rich in destructive bacteria, which can be used to break
down fresh sewage more quickly
Disinfection
 A process to disinfect the effluent with chemicals
  Water treatment process designed to destroy disease-causing
microorganisms. The efficacy of disinfection is often assessed by measuring
the coliform group of indicator organisms.
 This is the most important process used in the production of water of a safe
and sanitary quality. Chlorination is the method of introducing a controlled
amount of chlorine to the water to attain a desired degree of disinfection
Chlorination
 The process of adding the element chlorine to water disinfection to make it fit
for human consumption as drinking water
Percolation
 The flow or trickling of a liquid downward through a filtering medium.
DENR DAO 35
 Revised effluent regulation of 1990
Contact time
 The length of time water supply is held in direct contact with a treating
agent, e.g. chlorine solution
Algae
 Any of various chiefly aquatic, eukaryotic, photosynthetic organisms, ranging
in size from single-celled forms to the giant kelp
Contamination
 A general term referring to the introduction of materials not normally found in
water that make the water less desirable or unfit for its intended use.
Detergent
 A substance used to enhance the cleansing action of water, which act
similarly to soap but is made from chemical compounds rather than fats and
lye.
Coliform organism
 Refers to any rod-shaped, non-spore-forming gram-negative bacteria capable
of growth in the presence of bile sales, or other surface active agents with
similar growth-inhibiting properties which are cytochrome-oxidase negative
and able to ferment lactose at either 35 or 37 deg. Celsius with the
production of acid, gas and aldehyde within 24-48 hours.
Fecal coliforms
 A subgroup of coliform bacteria that has a high positive correlation with fecal
contamination associated with all warm-blooded animals. These organisms
can ferment lactose at 44.5 deg. Celsius and produce gas in a multiple tube
procedure (EC confirmation) or acidity with membrane filter procedure
Multiple tube fermentation
 The common method of detection and estimation of coliform organism in a
given sample where in most probable number (MPN) of coliforms present is
counted.
Water softening
 Any physical or chemical process of cations (including calcium and
magnesium) in water supply
Algae
 Any of various chiefly aquatic, eukaryotic, photosynthetic organisms, ranging
in size from single-celled forms to giant kelp.
Carbon dioxide
  The by-product of chemical reaction of oxidation in forming ferrous oxide or
rust is covered by the action of this
“Disinfection of drinking water is done to remove bacteria.”

Sludge
 The non-soluble materials which is the end product after biological action of
bacteria in waste and what settles at the bottom of the septic tank.
pH value
 Determine the water nature through acidity or alkalinity
E. coli
 Pathogenic bacteria that can survive in natural water without protection in
particular matter of other physical protection long enough to transmit
disease to human beings
Septic tank
 A water tight covered receptacle designed and constructed to receive the
discharge of sewage from a building sewer, separate solids from the liquid,
digest organic matter and store digested solid the clarified liquids to
discharge for final disposal.
Private sewage disposal system
 A septic tank with the effluent discharging into a subsurface disposal field,
seepage pits or of such other facilities or may be permitted by the plumbing
code

STANDARDS
18.9 lpd
 Estimated sewage flow rate for every passenger in an airport
2.2 m
 Minimum excavated diameter of each circular seepage pit
1.5 m
 Minimum length of the secondary compartment of a septic tank with a
capacity of more than 6 cubic meters.