WASTE DISPOSAL TREATMENT and RECYCLING

4. WASTE DISPOSAL TREATMENT

and RECYCLING
4.1 Classification of Public Sewers
Combination Public Sewers
Sanitary Sewers
Two kinds:
 Intercepting or Trunk-line Sewer
 Tributary or Contributing Sewer
Storm Sewers
Manholes
WASTE DISPOSAL TREATMENT and RECYCLING
SEWERAGE, SEWERAGE WORKS - a comprehensive
term (construction, collection, transportation, pumping
treatment and final disposition of sewage)
SEWAGE - the liquid wastes conducted away buildings,
and with such ground surface, and storm water as
may be present/any wastewater containing animal or
vegetable matter in suspension and solution and may
include liquids containing chemicals in solution
SEWER - a pipe or conduit for carrying sewage and
waste liquids
WASTE DISPOSAL TREATMENT and RECYCLING
MAIN SEWER - (Public Sewer)
PUBLIC SEWER - a common sewer controlled by
public authority
DOMESTIC SEWAGE (SANITARY SEWAGE) -
liquid/water-borne wastes free from industrial wastes
SANITARY SEWAGE - human excrement/liquid
household waste (DOMESTIC SEWAGE)
SANITARY SEWER - with or without industrial
wastes/ without and admixture of storm water or
ground water
WASTE DISPOSAL TREATMENT and RECYCLING
DRAIN - a sewer, pipe or conduit (conveying ground
water, surface water, storm water, wastewater or
sewage
DRAINAGE SYSTEM - the drainage pipe of a
plumbing system take the waste water from the
plumbing fixtures and deliver it to the sewer
INDUSTRIAL WASTE - free from fecal matter
LIQUID WASTE - does not receive fecal matter
WASTE - (LIQUID WASTE/INDUSTRIAL WASTE)
WATER TREATMENT - conditions/treats water
supply to improve water quality, remove suspended
solids by filtration
WASTE DISPOSAL TREATMENT and RECYCLING
PRIMARY BRANCH - a primary branch of a building
drain is the single sloping drain from the base of a
stack to its junction with main building drain or with
another branch
SECONDARY BRANCH - any branch in a building
drain other than that of the primary branch
LATERAL - secondary pipeline
MANHOLE - an opening of sufficient size for a man to
gain access thereto
WASTE DISPOSAL TREATMENT and RECYCLING
Diagram 1
The household drain may flow straight into a public sewer. If a blockage occurs anywhere in this private
drain, you have sole responsibility for cleaning any blockages or carrying out any repairs. Most properties
have some length of private drain.
Diagram 2
Drains from two properties may join together and form a private sewer, and then run some distance before
connecting with the public sewer. If a blockage or defect occurs at point X in the private sewer system the
owners of the two properties would be responsible for rectifying the problem.

WASTE DISPOSAL TREATMENT and RECYCLING

RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE NATIONAL POLLUTION CONTROL COMMISSION
FOR DOMESTIC WASTEWATER DISPOSAL
SEC. 33. Manholes.-
(a) Manholes shall be installed at the end of each line;
at all changes in grade, size, or alignment; at all
intersections; and at distances not greater than 120
meters for sewers 380 mm in diameter or less and
150 meters for sewers 460 to 760 mm in diameter.
Greater spacing may be permitted in larger sewers.
(e) The minimum diameter of manholes shall be 900
mm; larger diameters are preferable for large
diameter sewers. A minimum access diameter of 560
mm shall be provided.

WASTE DISPOSAL TREATMENT and RECYCLING

4.2 Municipal Sewage Treatment
1. Activated Sludge Process
2. Trickling or Sprinkling Process
Activated Sludge Process:
1. Coarse Screen House
2. Grit Chamber
3. Fine Screen House
4. Mixing Tank or Activated Sludge Tank
5. Aerating Tanks
WASTE DISPOSAL TREATMENT and RECYCLING
4.2 Municipal Sewage Treatment
Activated Sludge Process:
1. Coarse Screen House
2. Grit Chamber
3. Fine Screen House
4. Mixing Tank or Activated Sludge Tank
5. Aerating Tanks
6. Clarifier Tanks
7. Chemical House
8. Filter House
9. Drier House
10. Warehouse
WASTE DISPOSAL TREATMENT and RECYCLING
4.2 Municipal Sewage Treatment
Other Systems of the Activated Sludge Process
1. Comminutor or Sewage Cutter
2. Primary Clarifier
3. Aeration Tanks
4. Secondary Clarifier
5. Digester Tank
6. Sludge Drying House and Bed
WASTE DISPOSAL TREATMENT and RECYCLING
4.2 Municipal Sewage Treatment
Trickling Filter Sewage Plants
Types of Trickling Filters
1. Standard or Low Rate Filter
2. High Rate Filter
3. Roughing Filter
Chlorination

4.3 PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL

1. Cesspool
2. Privy
3. Septic Tank

4.3.1 Classes of Sewage Systems - Definitions

Class 1- a chemical toilet, an incinerating toilet, a
recirculating toilet, a self-contained portable toilet and
all forms of privy
Class 2- grey water system
Class 3- a cesspool
Class 4- a leaching bed system including sewage
systems utilizing treatment units
Class 5- a system which requires or uses a holding
tank for the retention hauled sewage at the site where
it is produced prior to its collection by hauled sewage
system
WASTE DISPOSAL TREATMENT and RECYCLING
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Type of System Well with a watertight
casing to a
depth of at least 6
metres
Other well, or a
spring used as a
potable water
supply
Lake, river, pond,
stream, reservoir, or
a spring not used as
a potable water
supply
Class 1
Pit Privy
Privy Vault)
Pail Privy )
15 metres
10 metres
30 metres
15 metres
15 metres
10 metres
Class 2
Leaching Pit
10 metres 15 metres 15 metres
WASTE DISPOSAL TREATMENT and RECYCLING
CESSPOOL - a pit for the reception or detention of
sewage/non-watertight lined excavation; permitting
liquid to seep through the bottom and sides of the
cesspool
LEACHING CESSPOOL - a cesspool that is not
watertight
PRIVY - outhouse or structure used for the deposition of
excrement
PRIVY VAULT - a pit beneath a privy in which
excrement collects
WASTE DISPOSAL TREATMENT and RECYCLING
PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM - effluent
discharging into a subsurface disposal field and
seepage pit
PRIVATE SEWER - privately owned/not directly
controlled by the public authority
SEEPAGE PIT - loosely lined excavation in the ground,
receives discharge of septic tank; seep through pit
bottom and sides
SEPTIC TANK - water-tight receptacle; separate solids
from the liquid, digest organic matter, allow effluent to
discharge to a storm drain, directly to ground outside
the tank through open joint or perforated piping

4.5 Waste Water Treatment

Waste Water is defined as water which carries wastes
from homes, industries, businesses or any other
sources; a mixture of water and dissolved or
suspended solids. Treatment is necessary because it
in the reduction of physical, physiological, radioactive,
biological and chemical pollutants.

4.6 Types of Waste Water Treatment Plants

Depending on the nature of the Waste Water to be
treated, Waste Water can be classified as:
1. Sewage Treatment Plants
2. Sludge Treatment Plant
3. Industrial Waste Water Treatment
4. Agricultural Waste Water Treatment Plant
5. Radioactive Waste Water Treatment Plant
6. Recycling Waste Water Treatment Plant