ASSIGNMENT NO 1

1) A refrigerating machine of 6 tonnes capacity working on Bell-Coleman cycle has an

upper limit of pressure of 5.2 bar. The pressure and temperature at the start of the
compression are 1.0 bar and 160C respectively. The compressed air cooled at
constant pressure at a temperature of 410C enters the expansion cylinder. Assuming
both expansion and compression processes to be adiabatic with ɣ= 1.4, calculate;

I) coefficient of performance

II) Quantity of air in circulation per minute

III) Piston displacement of compressor and expander

iv) Bore of compressor and expansion cylinders. The unit runs at 240 rpm and is double
acting. Stroke length=200mm

v) Power required to drive the unit

For air take ɣ= 1.4 and Cp=1.003KJ/KgK

2) An aircraft moving with speed of 200Km/h uses simple gas refrigeration cycle for
air-conditioning. The ambient pressure and temperature are 0.36 and -120C
respectively. The pressure ratio of compressor is 5. The heat exchanger effectiveness is
0.94. The isentropic efficiencies of compressor and expander are 0.82 each. The cabin
pressure and temperatures are 1.05 bar and 270C respectively.

Determine: i) The temp and pressures at all the points of the cycle,

ii) The volume flow rates through the compressor inlet and expander outlet for 90
tonnes refrigerator.

Take for air Cp=1.005 kJ/kgK, R= 0.287kJ/kgK and ɣ= 1.4

3) A bootstrap cooling system of 35TR is required for an aircraft. Temperature and

pressure of the atmosphere is 180C and 0.75 bar. Pressure of air is increased 0.75 bar
due to ramming. Pressure of air leaving the main compressor and auxiliary are 3.2 and
5.4 bar respectively. Isentropic efficiency of both compressors is 84% and of turbine is
81%. Heat removed from air leaving the compressor is 60% in the first heat exchanger
and 34% in the second heat exchanger which is after auxiliary compressor. Assuming
ramming to be isentropic and cabin pressure 1.03 bar, find power required to take
cabin load and COP of the system. Temperature of the air leaving the cabin is 280C.
4) The reduced ambient air refrigeration system used for an aircraft consists of two
cooling turbines, one heat exchanger and one air cooling fan. The speed of aircraft is
1500km/h. The ambient air conditions are 0.8bar and 100C. The ram efficiency may be
taken as 90%. The rammed air used for cooling is expanded in the first cooling turbine
and leaves it at a pressure of 0.8 bar. The air bled from the main compressor at 6bar is
cooled in the heat exchanger and leaves it at 1000C The cabin is to be maintained at
200C and 1bar. The pressure loss between the second cooling turbine and cabin is 0.1
bar. If the isentropic efficiency for the main compressor and both of the cooling turbines
are 85% and 80% respectively find:

1. Mass flow rate of air supplied to cabin load of 10TR+

2. Quantity of air passing through the heat exchanger if the temp. rise of ram air is
limited to 80K
3. Power used to drive the cooling fan
4. C.O.P. of the system
 ASSIGNMENT NO-2
1) A R-12 vapour compression system includes a liquid to vapour heat exchanger in the
system. A freezer of capacity 25TR operates between -300c and 250C respectively
.Refrigerant is subcooled by 40C and superheated by 5OC before entering the
compressor. If a six cylinder single acting compressor with bore equal to stroke and
operating speed of 900rpm is used, determine-
i) Ideal COP ii)COP of the system iii) Mass of refrigerant per unit time
iii) Mass of refrigerant per unit time iv) Theoretical piston displacement per min.
iv) Bore and stroke of compressor

Assume volumetric efficiency of compressor as 85%. Cpl=1.235 KJ/kgK, Cpv=0.733

KJ/kgK.

Refrigerant properties are given below

Temp Enthalpy (KJ/kg) Entropy KJ/kgk Sp. Volume m3 /Kg

Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour
-300C 8.86 174.20 0.0371 0.7171 6.73X10-3 0.1596
25OC 59.7 197.73 0.2239 0.6868 7.64X10-3 0.0269

2) A refrigeration system using NH3 woks on standard vapour compression cycle. The
condensing temp is 300C Investigate the performance of the system based on

i)COP ii) Mass of refrigerant circulated iii) volume of refrigerant handled by comp.

iv)Temp. of refrigerant at compressor delivery

The system operates at temp. in the evaporator of -100C and 160C respectively.

Capacity of the system is 10TR use properties of saturated NH3 as

Sat. Specific Specific Enthalpy KJ/kg) Specific Entropy KJ/kgK

Temp. volume
O
ts C Vg m3/kg hf hfg hg sf Sg
-10 0.4189 112.4 1314.2 1426.6 0.4572 5.5789
30 0.1107 323.1 1145.8 1468.9 1.2037 4.9842
Take specific Heat Cpg=2.8KJ/kgk
 3) A refrigeration system (vapour compression) operates between -100C and 360C The
flow rate of refrigerant is 0.22kg/sec. The refrigerant is subcooled by 40C and
superheated by 100C before entering the compressor .Find i) Ton Capacity ii) Power
input iii)COP iv) Heat rejected v) compare the cop with ideal and standard vapour cycle
for same temp.

Temp oC Enthalpy KJ/kg Entropy kJ/kgk Sp. Heat (Cp)

L V L V Cpl Cpv
-10 34.25 247.37 0.1374 0.9473 ----------------- 0.7
36 90.37 260.78 0.3309 0.8821 1.22 0.81

4) A vapour compression system using R12 works between -100C and 350C as evaporator
and condenser temp. respectively. Using P-H Chart determine
i) COP ii) Mass flow of refrigerant per TR iii) Piston displacement per TR using
volumetric efficiency 84% iv) Heat rejected in the condenser per TR v) Ideal COP
 Assignment -3
1] Discuss with a neat sketch Practical Ammonia-Water vapour absorption refrigeration
system.

2] Describe Electrolux refrigeration system with a neat sketch

3] A sample of moist air is at 300 C DBT and 200C WBT. If the barometric pressure is 740
mm of Hg. Calculate without using psychometric chart.

i. Dew point temperature

ii. Relative humidity
iii. Specific humidity
iv. Vapour density
v. Enthalpy

4]For DBT 300C and relative humidity 50% and barometric pressure 740mm of Hg.
Calculate

i. Partial pressure of water vapour and dry air

ii. DPT
iii. Specific humidity
iv. Specific volume
v. Enthalpy
 Assignment -4

1] It is required to maintained an air conditioned hall at 270C DBT and 210C WBT. It has a
sensible heat load of 46.5KW and latent heat load of 17.5KW.The air supplied from outside
atmosphere at 380C DBT and 270C WBT is 25 m3/min, directly into the room through ventilation
and infiltration. Outside air to be conditioned is passed through the cooling coil whose ADP is
150C, 60% of the recirculated air from the hall is mixed with the conditioned air after the cooling
coil. Determine-
a) Condition of air after the coil and before the recirculated air mixes with it.
b) Condition of air entering the hall i.e. after mixing with re-circulated air.
c) Mass of fresh air entering the cooler
d)BPF of the cooling coil.
e) Refrigerating load on the cooling coil
2)The following data refers to summer air conditioning system
Outside ambient conditions 430C DBT and 270C WBT
Inside room conditions 250C DBT and 50% RH
Room sensible heat gain 84000kJ/h
Room Latent heat gain 21000KJ/h
Bypass factor of the cooling coil 0.2
The return air from the room is mixed with the outside air before entry to cooling coil in the
ratio of 4:1 by mass. Determined (i) Apparatus dew point temperature of cooling coil (ii) Entry
and exit conditions of air for cooling coil (iii) Fresh air mass flow rate and (iv) Refrigeration load
on the cooling coil.
3] Derive an expression for the equivalent diameter of a circular duct corresponding to a
rectangular duct of sides ‘a’ and ‘b’ for the same pressure loss per unit length,
When: (i) The quantity of air passing through both the duct is same and
(ii) The velocity of air flowing through both the duct is same
The friction factor remains the same for both the ducts
4] Explain various duct design methods with a neat sketch of friction chart.