ASSIGNMENT 3

Exercise of Chapter 3 (Physical Layer)

Submitted to:

Muhamad Rauf

Submitted by:

Name (roll number)

ADP – Computer Science (Semester-3)

Date of Submission: 31-03-2020

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY COLLEGE

FAISALABAD
Questions:

1. What is the relationship between period and frequency?

2. What does the amplitude of a signal measure? What does the frequency of a signal
measure? What does the phase of a signal measure?
3. Name three types of transmission impairment.
4. Can we say if a signal is periodic or non-periodic by just looking at its frequency domain
plot? How? Also draw diagram if possible
5. Is the frequency domain plot of a voice signal discrete or continuous?
6. Is the frequency domain plot of an alarm system discrete or continuous?
7. Given the frequencies listed below, calculate the corresponding periods with measuring
unit
8. 24Hz
9. 8 MHz
10. 140 KHz
11. List types of cabling and connectors in networking.
12. List three techniques of digital-to-digital conversion.
13. Distinguish between a signal element and a data element.
14. Distinguish between data rate and signal rate.
15. Define baseline wandering and its effect on digital transmission.
16. Define a DC component and its effect on digital transmission.
17. Define the characteristics of a self-synchronizing signal.
18. List five line coding schemes discussed in this book.
19. Define block coding and give its purpose.
20. Define scrambling and give its purpose.
21. Compare and contrast PCM and DM.
22. What are the differences between parallel and serial transmission?
23. List three different techniques in serial transmission and explain the differences.
24. Explain baud rate and its formula. Also explain difference between baud rate and bit rate.
25. In a digital transmission, the sender clock is 0.2 percent faster than the receiver clock.
How many extra bits per second does the sender send if the data rate is 1 Mbps?
26. Draw the graph of the NRZ-L scheme using each of the following data streams, assuming
that the last signa11evel has been positive. From the graphs, guess the bandwidth for this
scheme using the average number of changes in the signal level.
27. Compare your guess with the corresponding entry in Table 4.1.
a) 00000000
b) 11111111
c) 01010101
d) 00110011
28. Repeat Exercise --- for the NRZ-I scheme.
29. Define analog transmission.
30. Define carrier signal and its role in analog transmission.
31. Define digital-to-analog conversion.
32. Which characteristics of an analog signal are changed to represent the digital signal in
each of the following digital-to-analog conversion?
a) ASK
b) FSK
 c) PSK
d) QAM
33. Which of the four digital-to-analog conversion techniques (ASK, FSK, PSK or
34. QAM) is the most susceptible to noise? Defend your answer.
35. Define analog-to-analog conversion?
36. Which characteristics of an analog signal are changed to represent the lowpass analog
signal in each of the following analog-to-analog conversions?
a) AM
b) FM
c) PM
37. Which of the three analog-to-analog conversion techniques (AM, FM, or PM) is the most
susceptible to noise? Defend your answer.
38. Calculate the baud rate for the given bit rate and type of modulation.
a) 2000 bps, FSK
b) 4000 bps, ASK
c) 6000 bps, QPSK
d) 36,000 bps, 64-QAM
39. Calculate the bit rate for the given baud rate and type of modulation.
a) 1000 baud, FSK
b) 1000 baud, ASK
c) 1000 baud, BPSK
d) 1000 baud, 16-QAM
40. Describe the goals of multiplexing.
41. List three main multiplexing techniques mentioned in this chapter.
42. Distinguish between a link and a channel in multiplexing.
43. Which of the three multiplexing techniques is (are) used to combine analog signals?
44. Which of the three multiplexing techniques is (are) used to combine digital signals?
45. Define the analog hierarchy used by telephone companies and list different levels of the
hierarchy.
46. Define the digital hierarchy used by telephone companies and list different levels of the
hierarchy.
47. Which of the three multiplexing techniques is common for fiber optic links? Explain the
reason.
48. Distinguish between multilevel TDM, multiple slot TDM, and pulse-stuffed TDM.
49. Distinguish between synchronous and statistical TDM.
50. Define FHSS and explain how it achieves bandwidth spreading.
51. Define DSSS and explain how it achieves bandwidth spreading.
52. What is the position of the transmission media in the OSI or the Internet model?
53. Name the two major categories of transmission media.
54. How do guided media differ from unguided media?
55. What are the three major classes of guided media?
56. What is the significance of the twisting in twisted-pair cable?
57. What is refraction? What is reflection?
58. What is the purpose of cladding in an optical fiber?
59. Name the advantages of optical fiber over twisted-pair and coaxial cable.
60. What is the difference between omnidirectional waves and unidirectional waves?
61. Describe the need for switching and define a switch.
62. List the three traditional switching methods. What are the most common today?
63. What are the two approaches to packet-switching?
64. Compare and contrast a circuit-switched network and a packet-switched network.
65. What is the role of the address field in a packet traveling through a datagram network?
66. What is the role of the address field in a packet traveling through a virtual-circuit
network?
67. Compare space-division and time-division switches.
68. List four major components of a packet switch and their functions.