Air Pollution

Elec 223

Submitted by :

Perono, Ma. Aliya

Salera,Chelsea

Santillan, Kaye

Seva, Carla Jean

Submitted to:

Mrs. Ellen Efondo

March 2020
 What is Pollution?

• Is the effect of undesirable changes in our surroundings that harmful effects on plants, animals
and human beings.

• This occurs when only short-term economic gains are made at cost of the long –term ecological
benefits for humanity.

• No natural phenomenon has led to greater ecological changes than have been made by
mankind.

• During the last few decades we have contaminated our air, water and soil on which life itself
depends with a variety of waste products.

GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF POLLUTION

Air Pollution- the release of these particles and gases into the air

Land Pollution-is the destruction and contamination of the land through the direct and indirect actions
of humans.

Water Pollution- occurs when harmful substances—often chemicals or microorganisms—contaminate a

stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other body of water, degrading water quality.

Air Pollution
Air pollution occurs due to the presence of undesirable solid or gaseous particles in the air in quantities
that are harmful to human health and the environment
ACCORDING TO ORIGIN

PRIMARY POLLUTANT: are those which are directly emitted from identifiable source.

-These pollutant are emitted directly to the atmosphere.

Ex.

a) Particle matter

b) Oxides of sulphur

c) Oxide of Nitrogen

d) Carbon Monoxide

e) Radioactive Compound

SECONDARY AIR POLLUTANTS:

Are those which are produced in the air by the reaction of two or more primary pollutants.

Ex.

a) Ozone

b) Formaldehyde

c) Photochemical smog

d) Peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN)

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON STATES OF MATTER

1. Gaseous Air Pollutants- are those air pollutants which are found in the gaseous state at normal
temperature and pressure in the atmosphere.

 The most common gaseous air pollutants are:

 Carbon monoxide

 Carbon dioxide

 Nitrogen oxides

 Sulphur oxides

 Hydrocarbons etc.

2. Particulate Air Pollutants - these may be liquid or solid. The particulate matter are defined as
aggregate.

 Dust- Small solid particles resulting from break up of large masses through processes such as
crushing, grinding or blasting.

 Smoke-consist of finely divided solid produced by incomplete combustion of organic particles

such as coal, wood, or tobacco.

 Mist- These are liquid particles formed by condensation of vapor.

  Fog- High concentration of mist is called as fog. It is dispersion of liquid particles in air.

 Fumes- fine solid particles formed by the condensation of vapors of solid material. The fumes
are generally emit from melting operation.

 Ash-fine, noncombustible particles are known as fly ash.

 Spray- liquid particles formed by automation.

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON PRESENCE IN ENVIRONMENT

1. Indoor air pollutants

-the air pollutants which are generated from households are called indoor air pollutants.

 Cleaning agents

 Mosquito repellents

 Pesticides

 Cigarettes smoke

 Gases from stoves etc.

2. Outdoor air pollutants

-the air which generated outside the buildings

 Automobile pollutants

 Industrial pollutants

 Mining pollutants

 Natural emission from decaying matter and animals etc.

SOURCE OF AIR POLLUTION

 NATURAL SOURCES

- Atmospheric reaction, pollen grains, volcanic eruption,

forest fire, dust storms, electric storm, salt spray from sea,
spores, bacteria and other microorganisms.

 MAN MADE SOURCES

- Thermal power plants, automobile exhausts, fossils fuel

burning, mining, nuclear explosions, agricultural activities,
construction materials, system of sanitation, air crafts and waste
water treatment plants.
Effects of Air Pollution

On HUMAN

allergies -Diarrhea

-asthma -hormonal disruptions

-Irritation of the eyes and nasal passages -blurry visions

-other respiratory infections -severe coughs

-Hepatitis -wheeze

Typhoid affections

On animals

• Loss of their living environment

• -Acid rains can change the composition of rivers and seas ,making them toxic for fishes,

• -Lung problems due to ozone in lower parts

• -Eutrophication prevents other species of fishes an marine plants to grow.

On Plants

• Plants especially trees, can be destroyed by acid rains .

• -Ozone in the lower atmosphere blocks the plant respiration.

• -Harmful pollutants can be absorbed from the water or soil.

FACTORS AFFECTING AIR POLLUTION

• THE BURNING OF FOSSIL FUEL

- Sulfur dioxide emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and other factory
combustibles.

Ex. Trucks, jeeps, cars, trains, and airplanes

• AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES

Ammonia is very common by product from agriculture-related activities and one of the most hazardous
gases in the atmosphere.

• EXHAUST FROM FACTORIES AND INDUSTRIES

- Manufacturing industries release a large amount of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, organic

compounds and chemicals into the air.