CHEMISTRY 507O QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS NASEEMA PERVEEN MALIK

Qualitative Analysis Notes

Tests for anions (in solution)
anion test test result
carbonate effervescence,
add dilute acid
(CO32–) carbon dioxide produced turns limewater milky
chloride (Cl –) acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous silver nitrate white ppt.
iodide (I –) acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous silver nitrate yellow ppt.
add aqueous sodium hydroxide, then add aluminium foil; warm
nitrate (NO3–) ammonia produced turns damp red litmus paper blue
carefully
sulfate (SO42–) acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous barium nitrate white ppt., insoluble in excess dilute nitric acid
SO2 gas produced decolorizes acidified aqueous potassium
sulfite (SO32–) add dilute acid
manganate (VII)

Tests for aqueous cations

cation
3+
aluminium (Al )
ammonium (NH4+)
calcium (Ca2+)
chromium (III) (Cr3+)
copper (II) (Cu2+)
iron (II) (Fe2+)
iron (III) (Fe3+)
zinc (Zn2+)
effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide effect of aqueous ammonia
white ppt., soluble in excess giving a colourless solution white ppt., insoluble in excess
ammonia produced on warming turns damp red litmus
–
paper blue
white ppt., insoluble in excess no ppt.
green ppt., soluble in excess, giving a green solution green ppt., insoluble in excess
light blue ppt., soluble in excess, giving a dark blue
light blue ppt., insoluble in excess
solution
green ppt., insoluble in excess green ppt., insoluble in excess
red-brown ppt., insoluble in excess red-brown ppt., insoluble in excess
white ppt., soluble in excess, giving a colourless solution white ppt., soluble in excess, giving a colourless solution

Tests for gases

gas test and test result gas test and test result
ammonia (NH3) turns damp red litmus paper blue chlorine (Cl2) bleaches damp litmus paper
carbon dioxide (CO2) turns limewater milky hydrogen (H2) ‘pops’ with a lighted splint
oxygen (O2) relights a glowing splint