Table shows the masses of various substances in 100 g of banana fruit and in 100 g

of avocado fruit. Table shows a person’s recommended daily intake for calcium, iron
and vitamin C.

Bananas form a significant part of the diet of some communities.

(a) Explain why bananas can be a valuable part of a person’s diet. [2]

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(b) Explain why a diet of only bananas is not suitable for a growing child. [3]

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(c) Explain which of the two fruits, banana or avocado, would be better to eat just before
running a race. [2]

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 IGCSE CHEMISTRY:ATOMIC STRUCTURE

The classroom you are sitting in, the books you read, desks and chairs and even you –
everything is made up of atoms. It is just like the game of building blocks or Lego bricks that
you use to build various things, atoms are considered to be the building blocks of all things
in the universe.

Ancient philosophers from Greece and India knew about the small particles that are a part
of every object in the universe. The term atom was first used by the Greeks.

Once the world knew that atoms were the smallest particles of an object. Then scientists
discovered that atoms are composed of even tinier particles called photons, neutrons and
electrons. In this lesson, you will be learning about the structure of atoms.

Atomic Structure

Atoms are made up of three subatomic particles, protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons
and neutrons form the nucleus of an atom and are called nucleus. Electrons orbit around
the nucleus in a cloud form.

In an atom,

 the number of protons = the number of electrons whereas,

 the number of protons is almost the same as neutrons but not always.
Atom
Atom is the basic unit of matter. It constitutes the smallest particle of an element. In 1808,
John Dalton proposed the Atomic theory which states that:
 Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.
 Atoms are indivisible and cannot be created or destroyed.
 Atoms of same elements are identical in all respects.

Structure of an Atom-Bohr’s Atomic Model

Neil Bohr was a Danish physicist who along with another physicist, Ernest Rutherford
introduced the Bohr's Atomic Model in 1913.
In their study of atomic structure, they came to the following conclusions:
 Atoms consist of a central nucleus, containing positively charged protons and neutrally
charged neutrons.
 Electrons revolve around the nucleus in different shells or orbits which are imaginary
paths surrounding the nucleus.
This model works on the same principle of the solar system.