(PHYS1003) (2019) (F) Quiz Ifemuzn 18488

(PHYS1003)[2019](f)quiz~=ifemuzn^_18488.pdf downloaded by hkchengae from http://petergao.net/ustpastpaper/down.php?course=PHYS1003&id=0 at 2020-03-26 22:35:36. Academic use within HKUST only.
Sample questions
Section I: Multiple Choices:
Please answer in the answer sheet provided.
• If you are correct, you get 5 marks for each question. If
you are wrong, you LOSE 1 mark.
• If you do not answer, no marks will be awarded or
deducted.
(1) Hong Kong annual population growth rate is 0.8% in mid-2015. Current population in
Hong Kong is 7 million, how long it will take to double the population to 14 million?
(assume the growth rate remain the same)
A. 31 years
B. 62 years
C. 87 years
D. 91 years
E. 102 years
(2) 30 kWh is equal to

A. 108  106 J
B. 18  105 J
C. 124  105 J
D. 30  103 J
E. 72  106J 1
1. Hong Kong annual population growth rate is 0.8% in mid-

2015. Current population in Hong Kong is 7 million, how
long it will take to double the population to 14 million?
(assume the growth rate remain the same)
A. 31 years
B. 62 years
C. 87 years
D. 91 years
E. 102 years
2
Answer: (C)
3
2. 30 kWh is equal to:
A. 108  106 J
B. 18  105 J
C. 124  105 J
D. 30  103 J
E. 72  106J
4
Answer: A
1 kWh = 1000 x 60 x 60 x second J/s

= 3.6 x 106 J
30 kWh x 3.6 x 106 J = 108 x 106 J
5
PRS L5 (session L1): An ideal gas is enclosed within a

chamber that is fitted with a frictionless piston. The piston is
then pushed in, thereby compressing the gas. Which
statement below regarding this process is consistent with
the first law of thermodynamics?
1. The internal energy of the gas will increase.

2. The internal energy of the gas will decrease.
3. The internal energy of the gas will not change.
4. The internal energy of the gas may increase,
decrease, or remain the same, depending on the
amount of heat that the gas gains or loses.
6
Answer: 4)
The internal energy of the gas may increase,

decrease, or remain the same, depending on the
amount of heat that the gas gains or loses.
7
PRS L5 (session L2): Two moles of the monatomic gas

argon expand isothermally at 25 0C, from an initial volume of
Vi = 0.025 m3 to a final volume of Vf = 0.050 m3. Assuming
that argon is an ideal gas, the work done by the gas is:
1) 1700 J
2) 285 J
3) 3400 J
4) -3400 J
5) -285 J
8
Answer: 3) 3400 J
9
PRS L5 (session L3): The

drawing shows a pressure-
versus-volume plot for a three-
step process: A to B, B to C,
and C to A. For each step, the
work done by the gas can be
positive, negative, or zero.
Which answer below correctly
describes the work done by
the gas for the three steps?
A  B B  C C  A
1) Positive Negative Negative
2) Positive Positive Negative
3) Negative Negative Positive
4) Positive Negative Zero
10
5) Negative Positive Zero
Answer: 2) positive, positive and negative.
Reminder:
For any thermodynamic process, if a gas
expands it does positive work. If the gas is
compressed, it does negative work to the
surroundings.
11
HW L4-L6 Q9. A closed-cycle heat pump is used to move heat from a low-
temp reservoir to a high-temp reservoir with fixed temperature TH = 450 K
and TC = 320 K. If the coefficient of performance of the heat pump is less
than that of an ideal heat pump, which of the following statements is true
regarding the change in the entropies?
Define:
ΔSH = change in entropy of the hot reservoir in one cycle
ΔSC = change in entropy of the cold reservoir in one cycle
ΔSHP= change in entropy of the heat pump in one cycle
A. |ΔSHP| = 0, |ΔSH| < |ΔSC|

B. |ΔSHP| = 0, |ΔSH| > |ΔSC |
C. |ΔSHP| < 0, |ΔSH| > |ΔSC|
D. |ΔSHP| > 0, |ΔSH| < |ΔSC|
E. |ΔSHP| > 0, |ΔSH| = |ΔSC|
12
Answer: B. |ΔSHP| = 0, |ΔSH| > |ΔSC |
• In cooling mode:
𝑄𝑐 𝑄𝑐 𝑇𝑐
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = = ≤
𝑊 𝑄ℎ −𝑄𝑐 𝑇ℎ – 𝑇𝑐
𝑄ℎ 𝑇ℎ 𝑄ℎ 𝑄𝑐
−1 −1 ≥ |ΔSH| > |ΔSC |
𝑄𝑐 𝑇𝑐 𝑇ℎ 𝑇𝑐
• In heating mode:
𝑄ℎ 𝑄ℎ 𝑇ℎ
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = = ≤
𝑊 𝑄ℎ − 𝑄𝑐 𝑇ℎ – 𝑇𝑐
𝑄𝑐 𝑇𝑐 𝑇𝑐 𝑄𝑐 𝑄ℎ 𝑄𝑐
1−  1−  ≥ |ΔSH| > |ΔSC |
𝑄ℎ 𝑇ℎ 𝑇ℎ 𝑄ℎ 𝑇ℎ 𝑇𝑐
13
PRS L6 (Session L1) A Carnot engine converts ¼ of the

heat, which it absorbs from the source (high-temperature
reservoir), into work. Its source and sink (low-temperature
reservoir) are at TH and TC, respectively. When the
temperature of the sink is reduced by 100∘ C, its efficiency is
doubled. What is the temperature of the source in unit of K?
1) 200 K
2) 300 K
3) 400 K
4) 500 K
5) 600 K
14
Answer: 3)
The efficiency (η) of a Carnot engine is given by:

η = 1 – TC/TH
Originally: ¼ = 1 – TC/TH
Now: 2x¼ = 1 – (TC -100)/TH
½ = 1- TC/TH + 100/TH =1 – 1 + ¼ + 100/TH
¼ =100/TH
Thus TH = 400 K.
15
PRS L6 (Session L2): Each drawing represents a hypothetical

heat engine or a hypothetical heat pump and shows the
corresponding heats and work. Only one is allowed in nature.
Which is it?
1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
16
Answer: 3)
x x  x x
1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
Remark: Only 3) satisfies both the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics!
17
PRS L6 (Session L3): A Carnot engine converts ¼ of the

heat, which it absorbs from the source (high-temperature
reservoir), into work. Its source and sink (low-temperature
reservoir) are at TH and TC, respectively. The ratio of TC/TH
for this engine.
1) 1
2) 1/2
3) 1/4
4) 3/4
5) 1/8
18
Answer: 4)
The efficiency (η) of a Carnot engine is given by:

η = 1 – TC/TH.
Given that η = ¼,
We have, TC/TH = 1- ¼ = ¾.
19
PRS L7 (Session L1): In an Otto engine, the spark

plug fires shortly before the _______ stroke.
1) compression
2) expansion or power
3) intake
4) exhaust
5) heat rejection
20
Answer: 2) expansion or power
21
Combustion process
PRS L7 (Session L2): In an Otto engine, the spark

plug fires shortly after the _______ stroke.
1) compression
2) expansion or power
3) intake
4) exhaust
5) heat rejection
22
Answer: 1) compression
23
Combustion process
PRS L7 (Session L3): For an ideal Otto engine P-V

diagram below, the work done is through process:
1) 1 to 2
2) 2 to 3
3) 3 to 4
4
4) 4 to 5
5) 5 to 6
3
5
1
2 6
24
Answer: 4) 4 to 5
25
• PRS L8 (Session L2): Correct statements for a Diesel engine are:

a) Its intake is an air and fuel mixture, the same as Otto engine;
b) It auto ignites after compression, different from Otto engine;
c) It has larger volume compressive ratio than that of Otto engine;
d) Its efficiency in general is higher than that of Otto engine.
1) a), b) & c)
2) b), c) & d)
3) a), c) & d)
4) a), b) & d)
5) all of the above
26
Answer: 2)
Slide 9 & 10
27
PRS L8 (Session L3): Diesel engines are considered

as one of the two most important “prime movers” in
globalization because they power:
(I) most of the motor vehicles
(II) airplanes
(III) oil tankers
(IV) most of the electricity generators
(V) container ships
1) Only (I) and (II) are correct.

2) Only (I), (III) and (V) are correct.
3) Only (III) and (V) are correct.
4) Only (I) and (V) are correct.
5) Only (III) and (IV) are correct.
28
Answer: 3) Only (III) and (V) are correct.
29
PRS L9 (Session L1): Bernoulli’s principle helps to explain
1. hydraulic brakes.
2. how starfish can move.
3. buoyancy of cruise ships.
4. why umbrellas turn inside out in high winds.
30
Answer:
4) why umbrellas turn inside out in high winds.
In the diagram above, the blue area above the umbrella shows the lower air
pressure (faster flow), and the red area below the umbrella shows the higher air
pressure (slower flow). The resulting force causes the umbrella to invert. The gray
lines are streamlines. Streamlines are closer together where the flow is faster and
pressure is less, they are further apart in areas where the flow is slower and there
is greater pressure.
31
PRS L9 (Session L2): If you blow a steady stream of air

between two hanging sheets of paper, the papers will
1. blow apart.
2. move toward each other.
3. remain unchanged.
4. one move toward the center and one move
away from the center
32
Answer: 2) move toward each other

because the fast-moving air between the paper sheets has
a lower pressure than the air outside.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-xNXrELCmU 1:40
The most important result that can be derived from Bernoulli's equation is
this: generally, where flow is faster, pressure is lower.
The pressure between the pieces of paper is, therefore, less

than atmospheric pressure, so the air pushes the pieces of paper together.
33
PRS L9 (Session L3): If you blow a steady stream of air

between two hanging balloon, the balloon will
1. blow apart.
2. move toward each other.
3. remain unchanged.
4. one move toward the center and one move
away from the center
34
Answer: 2) move toward each other

because the fast-moving air between the balloons has a
lower pressure than the air outside.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-xNXrELCmU 2:04
The most important result that can be derived from Bernoulli's equation is
this: generally, where flow is faster, pressure is lower.
The pressure between the balloons is, therefore, less than atmospheric
pressure, so the air pushes the balloons together.
35
PRS L10 (Session L1): Which of the following is the

consequence of acid rain?
1) Formation of the Antarctic ozone hole

2) The increase of the global average surface
temperature
3) The slower growth, injury and death of forests
4) The increase of the mercury level in the sea
5) The increasing pH value of lake waters
36
Answer: 3) The slower growth, injury, and death of forests.
37


temperature
3) The increase pH value of lake waters
5) The accelerated erosion of buildings and statues.
38
Answer: 5) The accelerated erosion of

buildings and statues.
39


2) The decrease pH value of lake waters
temperature
5) The rise of the sea level
40
Answer: 2) The decrease pH value of lake waters
41
Short Questions:
The production of oil from 1860 to 2003 in the USA (diamond

symbols) modeled by the Hubbert curve from 1860 to 2060 is shown
above (solid line).
1. Find the production rate in 1940 and 1960. Hence find the
average yearly rate of change of annual production rate
between 1940 and 1960. (10 marks)
2. Find the production rate in 1990 and 2010. Hence find the
average yearly rate of change of annual production rate
between 1990 and 2010. (10 marks) 42
1) The annual production rate in 1940 = 1.33 Gbbl/yr.

The annual production rate in 1960 = 2.8 Gbbl/yr.
The annual production rate increases. The increase in
annual production rate per year:
= 1.47 Gbbl/yr /20 yr = 0.0735 Gbbl/yr2.
2) The annual production rate in 1990 = 2.8 Gbbl/yr.
The annual production rate in 2010 = 1.33 Gbbl/yr.
The annual production rate decreases. The decrease in
annual production per year:
= –1.47 Gbbl/yr /20 yr = –0.0735 Gbbl/yr2.
43
Short questions
1. Write down the two prime movers of globalization
mentioned in the lecture note.
2. Assuming the doubling time of electricity
generation is 10 years, find the average annual
compound growth rate.
3. The container throughput went from 88 million
TEU in 1990 to 530 million TEU in 2008, find the
average annual compound growth rate.
44
Answers:
1. Diesel engine and gas turbine (jet engine) (mentioned in L7
Otto Engine).
2. From rule of 70, growth rate = 70/10 = 7 %
3. Compound growth rate, r, can be calculated as:
Years = 18,
initial value = 88 MTEU, final value = 530 MTEU
530 = 88 (1 + r)18,
(1 + r) = (530/88)1/18 ≈ 1.105, r = 10.5%
Also admissible: 530 = 88 e18r, 18r = ln(530/88), r ≈ 10%
45
Short questions
HW L7-L10 Q1
3. (a) Find the power needed to keep a car traveling at
a speed 100 km/h. If the speed is increased to
125 km/h, what is the power needed to keep the
car moving? By what factor is the power used
increased or decreased?
(b) Find the energy used in covering 100 km with
speed of 100 km/h and 125 km/h, using the data
given by MacKay. Find the factor the energy
used is increased or decreased.
46
1
(a) The power needed to keep a car moving at a speed v: p = 𝜌𝐴𝑣 3 watt.
2
Here, 𝜌= 1.3 kg/m , A = 1 m , according the lecture notes or text book,
3 2
v = 100 km/h ≈ 27.8 m/s,

Power moving at 100 km/h ≈ 14 kW.
v = 125 km/h ≈ 34.7 m/s,
Power moving at 125 km/h ≈ 27.2 kW
The power needed is increased by a factor of 27.2/14 ≈ 1.94 ≈ (125/100)3
Increasing the speed by 25% almost doubles the power needed.
(b) energy = time x power

Time needed to cover the distance 100 km at v = 100 km/h is 1 hr.
Time needed to cover the distance 100 km at v = 125 km/h is 0.8 h.
Energy per 100 km travelled moving at 100 km/h = 14 kW x 1 h = 14 kWh.
Energy per 100 km travelled moving at 125 km/h = 27.2 kW x 0.8 h = 21.8 kWh.
Energy increased by 21.8/14 ≈ 1.56 ≈ (125/100)2
Alternatively, power/speed = energy/ distance.

energy per m at v = 100 km/h is 14 kW / 27.8 m/s = 503.6 J
The energy to cover 100 km = 503.6 × 105 J = 14 kWh.
At v = 125 km/h, the energy to cover 100 km = 21.8 kWh.
The energy used is increase by a factor of 21.8/14 ≈ 1.56 ≈ (125/100)2
47

(PHYS1003) (2019) (F) Quiz Ifemuzn 18488

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

(PHYS1003) (2019) (F) Quiz Ifemuzn 18488

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

(PHYS1003)[2019](f)quiz~=ifemuzn^_18488.pdf downloaded by hkchengae from http://petergao.net/ustpastpaper/down.php?course=PHYS1003&id=0 at 2020-03-26 22:35:36. Academic use within HKUST only.

(2) 30 kWh is equal to

1. Hong Kong annual population growth rate is 0.8% in mid-

2. 30 kWh is equal to:

1 kWh = 1000 x 60 x 60 x second J/s

30 kWh x 3.6 x 106 J = 108 x 106 J

PRS L5 (session L1): An ideal gas is enclosed within a

1. The internal energy of the gas will increase.

The internal energy of the gas may increase,

PRS L5 (session L2): Two moles of the monatomic gas

PRS L5 (session L3): The

Answer: 2) positive, positive and negative.

A. |ΔSHP| = 0, |ΔSH| < |ΔSC|

Answer: B. |ΔSHP| = 0, |ΔSH| > |ΔSC |

PRS L6 (Session L1) A Carnot engine converts ¼ of the

The efficiency (η) of a Carnot engine is given by:

PRS L6 (Session L2): Each drawing represents a hypothetical

PRS L6 (Session L3): A Carnot engine converts ¼ of the

The efficiency (η) of a Carnot engine is given by:

PRS L7 (Session L1): In an Otto engine, the spark

Answer: 2) expansion or power

PRS L7 (Session L2): In an Otto engine, the spark

PRS L7 (Session L3): For an ideal Otto engine P-V

• PRS L8 (Session L2): Correct statements for a Diesel engine are:

PRS L8 (Session L3): Diesel engines are considered

1) Only (I) and (II) are correct.

Answer: 3) Only (III) and (V) are correct.

PRS L9 (Session L1): Bernoulli’s principle helps to explain

PRS L9 (Session L2): If you blow a steady stream of air

Answer: 2) move toward each other

The pressure between the pieces of paper is, therefore, less

PRS L9 (Session L3): If you blow a steady stream of air

Answer: 2) move toward each other

PRS L10 (Session L1): Which of the following is the

1) Formation of the Antarctic ozone hole

Answer: 3) The slower growth, injury, and death of forests.

PRS L10 (Session L2): Which of the following is the

1) Formation of the Antarctic ozone hole

Answer: 5) The accelerated erosion of

PRS L10 (Session L3): Which of the following is the

1) Formation of the Antarctic ozone hole

Answer: 2) The decrease pH value of lake waters

The production of oil from 1860 to 2003 in the USA (diamond

1) The annual production rate in 1940 = 1.33 Gbbl/yr.

v = 100 km/h ≈ 27.8 m/s,

(b) energy = time x power

Alternatively, power/speed = energy/ distance.

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen