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Optoelectronics

Dept. Of Electronics
L.C.B. College, Maligaon, GHY-11

Submitted by:-
Jehirul Islam
B.Sc. 5th semester
Roll no. :- 103
GU roll no:- US1710230029
 Optical Fibre Communication system

Introduction: - Optical Fibre is a dielectric waveguide or medium in which information (voice, data or
video) is transmitted through a glass or plastic Fibre, in the form of light. The basic structure of an optical
Fibre is shown in figure 1. Most of the Fibres are encapsulated in an elastic, abrasion-resistant plastic
material which mechanically isolates the Fibres from small geometrical irregularities and distortions. A
Fibre Optic Communication System uses light wave technology to transmit the data over a Fibre by
changing electronic signals into light.

Types of Optical Fibres

Single-Mode Fibres: Single mode Fibres is used to transmit one signal per Fibre; these Fibres are used in
telephone and television sets. Single modes Fibres have small cores.
Multi-Mode Fibres: Multimode Fibres are used to transmit many signals per Fibre; these signals are used in
computer and local area networks that have larger cores.

Working:-
1. Encoder encodes the information in the binary sequence zeros and ones.
2. These electrical pulses are used to turn a light source on and off rapidly.
3. The optical fibre acts as a wave guide and transmits the optical pulses towards the receiver, by the
principle of total internal reflection.
4. The light detector receives the optical pulses and converts them into electrical pulses. These signals
are amplified by the amplifier.
5. The amplified signals are decoded by the decoder.

 The major components of an optical fibre communication system are

i. The optical transmitter
ii. The optical fibre
iii. The optical receiver

Photo Detectors:-

The purpose of photo detectors is to convert the light signal back to an electrical signal. Two types
of photo detectors are mainly used for optical receiver in optical communication system: PN photo diode
and avalanche photo diode. Depending on the application’s wavelengths, the material composition of
these devices vary. These materials include silicon, germanium, InGaAs, etc.

FIELD OF APPLICATION:
Due to its variety of advantages optical fiber communication system has a wide range of application in
different fields namely:
a. Public network field which includes trunk networks, junction networks, local access networks,
submerged systems, synchronous systems etc.
b. Field of military applications ,
c. Civil, consumer and industrial applications,
d. Field of computers.
 Fig 1: - Basic structure of optical Fibre

Block diagram of optical Fibre communication:-

Fig 2:- Block diagram of optical Fibre communication