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Intermediate Mathematics Model Paper-(A)

⎡cos α − sin α ⎤ ⎡ cos α sin α ⎤
MATHEMATICS ATA = ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎣ sin α cos α ⎦ ⎣− sin α cos α ⎦
Paper - I (A)
⎡ 2 sin α cos α ⎤
⎢cos α + sin α − sin α cos α ⎥
2
(English Version)
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 75 =⎢ ⎥
⎢ sin α cos α ⎥
⎢ sin α + cos α ⎥
2 2

Section - A ⎣ − sin α cos α ⎦

I. Very Short Answer Questions. Answer all questions. Each ⎡1 0⎤

=⎢ ⎥
question carries "Two" marks. ⎣0 1 ⎦ = I –––– (2)
2
10 × 2 = 20 M ∴ AAT =ATA = I2
1. If A = {x; –1≤x≤1}, f(x) = x2,
5. If the vectors −3 i + 4 j + λk and μ i + 8 j + 6k are collinear vectors,
g(x) = x3, then which of the following are surjections?
then find μ and λ.
i) f : A → A ii) g : A → A
Sol. Let a = −3 i + 4 j + λk
Sol. i) Given A = {x; –1≤ x ≤1},
f : A → A and f(x) = x2 b = μ i + 8 j + 6k
If x ∈[–1, 1] then a, b are collinear vectors
x2 = f(x) ∈ [0, 1] = f(A) ⇒ a = tb where 't' is a scalar
f(A) ≠ A

om
⇒ −3 i + 4 j + λk
∴ f : A → A is not a surjection.
ii) –1 ≤ x ≤1 = t (μ i + 8 j + 6k )
⇒ (–1)3 ≤ x3 ≤ (1)3 comparing the cofficients of i , j,k terms on both sides, we get
⇒ –1 ≤ x3 ≤ 1

.c
– 3 = tμ, 4 = 8t, λ= 6t
g(A) = A 4 1
⇒t= =
∴ g: A → A is a surjection.

on
8 2
1
2. Find Domain of f(x) = μ 6
1 − x2 ⇒ = −3, λ =
2 2
Sol. f(x) is defined when 1 – x2 > 0 μ = – 6, λ = 3
ti
⇒ x2 – 1 < 0 ∴ λ =3 μ = −6
ca

⇒ (x + 1)(x – 1) < 0
⇒ x ∈ (–1, 1) 6. If OA = i + j + k, AB = 3 i − 2 j + k ,
(... (x–a)(x–b) < 0 ⇒ x ∈(a, b)) BC = i + 2 j − 2k and CD = 2 i + j + 3k then find the vector OD .
du

∴ Domain of f(x) is (–1, 1) Sol. Given

⎡1 00⎤
⎢ OA = i + j + k; AB = 3 i − 2 j + k
3. If A = ⎢ 2 34 ⎥⎥ and det A = 45,
ie

BC = i + 2 j − 2k ; CD = 2 i + j + 3k
⎣⎢5 −6 x⎦⎥ then find x.
OD = OA + AB + BC + CD
sh

⎡1 0 0⎤ ∴ OD = 7 i + 2 j + 3k
⎢ ⎥
Sol. A = ⎢ 2 3 4⎥ ; det A = 45
⎢⎣5 −6 x⎥⎦ 7. If a = 2 i + 2 j − 3k, b = 3 i − j + 2k, then find the angle between
ak

2a + b and a + 2b
3 4
⇒1 = 45 ⇒ 1(3 x + 24 ) = 45 Sol. Let
−6 x
l = 2a + b = 2 (2 i + 2 j − 3k )
.s

⇒ 3 x + 24 = 45 ⇒ 3 x = 21 ⇒ x = 7
+ (3 i − j + 2k )= 7 i + 3 j − 4k
⎡ cos α sin α ⎤
w

4. If A = ⎢ ⎥ , then show
⎣ − sin α cos α ⎦ that AAT = ATA = I2 m = a + 2b
= (2 i + 2 j − 3k )+ 2 (3 i − j + 2k )
w

⎡ cos α sin α ⎤
Sol. A = ⎢ − sin α cos α ⎥ ,
⎣ ⎦ = 8i + k
w

⎡ cos α − sin α ⎤ l .m
AT = ⎢ ⎥ cosθ =
⎣ sin α cos α ⎦ θ is angle between l and m then | l || m |

⎡ cos α sin α ⎤ ⎡cos α − sin α ⎤ (7i + 3 j − 4k).(8 i + k)

AA T = ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ =
⎣ − sin α cos α ⎦ ⎣ sin α cos α ⎦ 7 i + 3 j − 4k 8 i + k

⎡ 2 − cos α sin α + ⎤ 56 − 4 52
= =
⎢cos α + sin α sin α cos α
2
⎥ 49 + 9 + 16 64 + 1 74. 65
= ⎢ ⎥
⎢ − sin α cos α + ⎥ ∴ Angle between 2a + b and a +2b
⎢ sin α + cos α ⎥
2 2

⎣ cos α sin α ⎦ ⎛ 52 ⎞
is cos −1 ⎜ ⎟
⎡1 0⎤ ⎝ 74 65 ⎠ .
=⎢ ⎥ = I2 ––––– (1)
⎣0 1 ⎦ 8. If 3sin A + 5cos A = 5 then prove that 5sin A − 3cos A = ±3
sol: Given that

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By expanding third column, we get
3sin A + 5cos A = 5 ____ (1) = (a − b )(a − c ){1(c − b )}
and let 5sin A − 3cos A = k ____(2) say
= (a − b )(a − c )(c − b )
(1) + (2) = (a − b )(b − c )(c − a )
2 2

⇒ 34(sin 2 A + cos 2 A) = 25 + k2 = RHS

⇒ k 2 = 34(1) − 25 = 9 ⇒ k = ± 3
bc b + c 1
∴ 5sin A − 3cos A = ±3
∴ ca c + a 1 = (a − b )(b − c )(c − a )
9. Find the period of the following
ab a + b 1
tan( x + 4 x + 9 x + .... + n 2 x) .
Sol: tan( x + 4 x + 9 x + .... + n 2 x) 12. In the two dimensional plane, prove by using vector method, the
'b' is
= tan(1 + 4 + 9 + .... + n 2 ) x equation of line whose intercepts on the axes are 'a' and

om
= tan(12 + 22 + 32 + .... + n 2 ) x x x
+ =1
a b
⎛ n (n + 1)(2n + 1)⎞ Sol. Let A = (a, 0) and B = (0, b)
= tan ⎜ ⎟x
⎝ 6 ⎠ A = a i, B = b j
⎡ n (n + 1)(2n + 1)⎤

.c
tan ⎢
The equation of the line throuth the A,B is
⎥ x is
∴ The period of ⎣ 6 ⎦ r = (1 − t)a i + t(b j)
π 6π if r = x i + yj,
=

on
n (n + 1)(2n + 1) n (n + 1)(2n + 1)
then x = (1 – t)a and y = tb
6 x y
10. Sinh(x)= ¾, find cosh(2x) and sinh(2x). ∴ + =1–t+t=1
a b
Sol. Given sinhx = ¾, 13. Let ABCDEF be a regular hexagon with centre 'O' show that

ti
We know that cosh2x – sinh2x = 1 AD + AC + AD + AE + AF = 3AD = 6AO
⇒ cosh2x = 1 + sinh2x

ca
⇒ cosh2 x = 1 + (¾)2
⇒ cosh x = 1 + 29
16
E

F
D

O
C

B
du
16 + 9 A
⇒ cosh2x =
16 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
Sol. AB + AC + AD + AE + AF
25 25 5 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
⇒ cosh 2 x = ⇒ ⇒ cosh x = = (AB + AE) + AD + (AC + AF)
16 16 4 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
ie

= (AE + ED) + AD + (AC + CD )

cosh(2x) = cosh2x + sinh2x ____ ____ ____ ____
25 9 25 + 9 34 (Q AB = ED, AF = CD)
⇒ + ⇒ ⇒ ____ ____ ____
16 16 16 16 = AD + AD + AD = 3AD
sh

17 Q 'O' is the centre and OD = AO

∴ cosh(2 x) =
8 ____ ____
3AD = 6AO
sinh(2x) = 2sin(hx).cos(hx)
∴AD + AC + AD + AE + AF = 3AD = 6AO
ak

3 5 15
= . ∴ sin(2 x) =
4 4 8 1 3
14. Prove that sin10° − cos10° = 4
Section - B
.s

1 3
II. Short Answer Questions. Answer any 'Five' questions. Each LHS = −
sin10 o cos10o
question carries 'Four' marks.
cos10 o − 3 sin10o
5 × 4 = 20 M =
w

11. Show that sin10 o cos10o

bc b + c 1 ⎛1 3 ⎞
2 ⎜⎜ cos10 o − sin10o ⎟⎟
c + a 1 = (a − b )(b − c )(c − a )
w

ca ⎝ 2 2 ⎠
=
ab a + b 1 sin10 o cos10o
bc b + c 1 2(sin 30 o cos10 o − cos30o sin10o )
w

=
Sol. LHS = ca c + a 1 sin10 o cos10o
ab a + b 1 [... sinA cosB – cosA sinB
= sin (A – B)]
R 2 ⎯⎯
→ R2 − R1
2sin (30 o − 10o )
R 3 ⎯⎯
→ R3 − R1 =
sin10 o cos 10o
bc b +c 1 sin 20 o
= ca − bc c + a − b − c 0 =2
sin10 o cos10o
ab − bc a + b − b − c 0 [... sin2A = 2 sinA cosA]
b +c 1 2.sin10 o cos10o
bc =2
sin10 o cos10o
= c (a − b ) a − b 0
b (a − c ) a − c 0 = 4 = RHS
1 3
bc b + c 1 ∴ − =4
sin10 ° cos10°
= (a − b )(a − c ) c 1 0
b 1 0 15. Prove that sinx + 3 cos x = 2

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Sol: sinx + 3 cos x = 2 ⇒
(b + c + a )(b + c − a )
(b + c )
2

dividing with 2 on both sides

2s.2 (s − a ) 4s (s − a )
1 3 2 = ⇒
⇒ sin x + cos x = (b + c )
2
(b + c )
2
2 2 2
π π 1 4s (s − a ) bc A bc
⇒ sin sin x + cos cos x = = × = 4cos 2 .
(b + c ) 2 (b + c )2
2
6 6 2 bc

⎛ π⎞ π A bc 2 bc A
= cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = cos cos θ = 2cos ⇒ .cos
⎝ 6⎠ 4 2 b +c b+c 2
General solution
π π
x− = 2nπ ± ,n ∈ Z

om
6 4
Section - C
π π
x− = 2nπ +
6 4 III. Long Answer Questions. Answer any 'Five' questions. Each
π π question carries 'Seven' marks.
or x − = 2nπ −
6 4 5 × 7 = 35 M

.c
π π 18. f: A → B and g: B → C are bijections, then prove that
x = 2nπ + +
4 6 (gof)−1 = f–1og–1.
π π
x = 2nπ − + Proof:

on
4 6
f: A → B, g : B → C are bijections
5π π
= 2nπ + = 2nπ − ⇒ gof : A → C is a bijection
12 12
∴ solution set of the given equation is ⇒ (gof)–1 : C → A is a bijection.
f : A → B is bijection

ti
⎧ 5π ⎫ ⎧ π ⎫
⎨2nπ + , n ∈ Z ⎬ ∪ ⎨2nπ − , n ∈ Z ⎬ ⇒ f−1: B → A is a bijection
⎩ 12 ⎭ ⎩ 12 ⎭
g : B → C is bijections

ca
⎛p⎞
⎝a⎠
⎛p⎞
q
b

Sol. cos–1 ⎜ ⎟ = A, cos–1 ⎜ ⎟ = B

⎛q⎞
p2 2pq
16. If cos–1 ⎜ ⎟ +cos–1 = α prove that a 2 − ab cosα + b2 = sin α.
2 q2 ⇒ g–1 : C → B is bijection
Also, g–1 : C → B, f–1: B → A are bijections
⇒ f–1og–1 : C → A is bijection
du
⎝a⎠ ⎝b⎠ g: B → C is bijection
Let c∈C then there exist b∈B such that g(b) = c
⎛p⎞ ⎛q⎞
⇒ cosA = ⎜ ⎟ , cos B = ⎜ ⎟ ⇒ b = g–1(c)
⎝a⎠ ⎝b⎠
⇒A+B=α f : A → B is bijection also there exist a ∈ A such that f(a) = b
ie

⇒ cos (A + B) = cosα ⇒ a = f–1(b)

⇒ cos (A + B) Now, (gof)(a) = g(f(a))

(Q sin A = ) = g(b)
sh

1 − cos 2 A
= cos A cos B – Sin A sin B =c
p q p2 q2 ⇒ a = (gof)–1(c) ___(1)
⇒ cos α = . − 1− 2 1−
a b a b2 Also (f–1og–1)(c) = f–1(g–1(c))
ak

= f–1(b)
pq p2 q2 = a ____ (2)
⇒ − cos α = 1 − 2 1−
ab a b2
From (1) and (2)
(pq) 2 2pq (gof)–1(c) = (f–1og–1)(c)
⇒ + cos 2 α − cos α
.s

(ab) 2 ab ∴ (gof)–1 = f–1og–1

⎡ p 2 ⎤ ⎡ q2 ⎤ 19. Show that 3.52n + 1 + 23n + 1 is divisible by 17.
= ⎢1 − 2 ⎥ ⎢1 − 2 ⎥ Sol. Let S(n) be the statement that
w

⎣ a ⎦⎣ b ⎦
3.52n+1 + 23n+1 is divisible by 17.
p2q 2 2pq For n = 1,
⇒ + cos 2 α − cos α
w

a 2 b2 ab = 3.52(1)+1 + 23(1)+1
p2 q2 p2 q2 = 3.53 + 24
=1− − + ⇒ 375 + 16
a2 b ab
w

= 391 is divisible by 17.

p 2 q2 2pq ∴S(1) is true.
⇒ + − cos α = 1 − cos 2 α
a 2 b2 ab
Assume that S(k) is true
q 2 2pq q2 3.52k+1 + 23k+1 = 17m where
⇒ − cos α + 2 = sin 2 α
m∈N
2
a ab b

17. If sinθ =
a
then show that ⇒ 3.52k + 1 = 17m – 23k+1
b+c We show that S(k+1) is true
bc A = 3.52(k+1)+1 + 23(k+1)+1
cosθ = 2 cos
b+c 2 = 3.52k+1.52 + 23k+1. 23
a = (17m – 23k+1)25 + 23k+1.8
Sol. sinθ =
b+c = 17m.25 – 23k+1.25 + 23k+1.8
cos2θ = 1 – sin2θ = 17m.25 – 17.23k+1
(b + c ) − a 2
2
a2 =17(25m – 23k + 1) is divisible by 17
= 1– ⇒
(b + c )
2
(b + c )
2
∴S(k+1) is true.
∴By principle of Mathematical Induction S(n) is true for all

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n∈N −6 4
2 A2 = − = − (−36 − 4 ) = 40
a b c 1 6
20. Show that b c a 5 4
c a b B2 = = 30 − 8 = 22
2 6
2bc − a 2 c2 b2 5 −6
C2 = − = − (5 + 12 ) = −17
= c 2
2ac − b 2
a2 2 1
b2 a2 2ab − c2 −6 4
A3 = = 18 − 16 = 2
4 −3
= (a + b + c − 3abc )
2
3 3 3

5 4
a b c a b c a b c
2
B3 = − = − (−15 − 28 ) = 43
7 −3
b c a = b c a ×b c a

om
Sol. 5 −6
c a b c a b c a b C3 = = 20 + 42 = 62
7 −3
a b c −a −b −c
⎡ A1 A2 A3 ⎤
=b c a× c
Adj.A = ⎢⎢ B1 B3 ⎥⎥
a b
B2
c a b b c a

.c
⎢⎣ C1 C2 C3 ⎥⎦
−a + bc + cb −ab + ba + c
2 2
−ac + b2 + ca
⎡ 27 40 2 ⎤
= − ba + c 2 + ab −b2 + ca + ac − bc + cb + a2
Adj.A = ⎢⎢ −48 22 43 ⎥⎥

on
−ca + ac + b 2
−cb + a + bc −c + ab + ba
2 2

⎣⎢ −1 −17 62 ⎥⎦
2bc − a 2 c2 b2
Det A = Δ = 419
= c2 2ac − b2 a2 __(1)

ti
b 2
a 2
2ab − c 2
⎡ 27 40 2 ⎤
1 ⎢
43 ⎥⎥
Adj.A
A −1 = = − 48 22
a b c Det A 419 ⎢
⎢⎣ −1 −17 62 ⎥⎦

ca
LHS: b c a =
c a

a (bc − a 2 )− b (b 2 − ca )+ c (ba − c 2 )
b
X = A −1D =
1 ⎢
⎡ 27 40 2 ⎤ ⎡15 ⎤

419 ⎢
48 22 43 ⎥⎥ ⎢⎢19 ⎥⎥
⎢⎣ −1 −17 62 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣46 ⎥⎦
du
= abc − a 3 − b3 + abc + abc − c3
⎡ 405 + 760 + 92 ⎤
1 ⎢
= −a 3 − b3 − c3 + 3abc = −720 + 418 + 1978⎥⎥
149 ⎢
⎢⎣ −15 − 323 + 2852 ⎥⎦
= − (a 3 + b 3 + c3 − 3abc )
ie

⎡1257 ⎤ ⎡ 3 ⎤
1 ⎢
1676 ⎥⎥ = ⎢⎢4 ⎥⎥
2
a b c =
b c a = (a 3 + b3 + c3 − 3abc )__(2)
2
149 ⎢
⎣⎢ 2514 ⎦⎥ ⎣⎢6 ⎦⎥
sh

c a b
∴ Solution is x = 3, y = 4, z = 6
From (1) and (2) we get 22. A line makes angles θ1, θ2, θ3 and θ4 with the diagonals of a cube.
2
a b c 4
ak

b c a =
+ cos2θ3 + cos2θ4 =
Show that cos2θ1 + cos2θ2 3
c a b Sol: Without loss of generality we may assume that the cube is a unit
2bc − a 2 c2 b2 cube let OA = i ,OC = j, OG = k
.s

c 2
2ac − b 2
a 2
=
be coterminus edges of the cube.
b2 a2 2ab − c 2
w

(a + b3 + c3 − 3abc )
2 Z
3
G D

21. Solve by Matrix inversion method: F

E
w

5x − 6y + 4z = 3 k

7x + 4y – 3z = 4
2x + y + 6z = 6 O j C
Y
w

A
⎡ 5 −6 4 ⎤ ⎡ x⎤ i
B
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
Sol: Let A = ⎢7 4 −3⎥ , X = ⎢ y ⎥ X Diagonals are
⎢⎣ 2 1 6 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ z ⎥⎦
OE = i + j + k
Writting in AX = D form
BG = − i − j + k
⎡ 5 −6 4 ⎤
A = ⎢⎢7 4 −3⎥⎥ AD = − i + j + k

⎣⎢ 2 1 6 ⎥⎦ CF = i − j + k

4 −3 Let r = l i + m j + nk a unit vector is parallel to line which makes θ ,

A1 = = 24 + 3 = 27 1
1 6
θ2, θ3, θ4 angles with four diagonals of a cube, then
7 −3
B1 = − = − (42 + 6 ) = −48 r.OE
2 6 cosθ1 = | r || OE |
7 4
C1 = = 7 − 8 = −1 (l i + m j + nk).( i + j + k) l + m + n
2 1 = =
| l i + m j + nk || i + j + k | 1. 3

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r.BG −l − m + n C ⎛A −B⎞ 2 C
= 2 + sin ⎟ − 2sin
cosθ2 = | r || BG | = 1. 3 2
cos ⎜
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
C⎡ ⎛ A − B⎞ C⎤
r.AD −l + m + n = 2 + sin cos ⎜ ⎟ − sin ⎥
cosθ3 = | r || AD | = 2 ⎢⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2⎦
3
⎡ ⎛ A − B⎞ ⎤
r.CF l −m+n ⎢ cos ⎜ 2 ⎟ − ⎥
cosθ4 = | r || CF | = 3 = 2 + sin
C⎢ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥
2⎢ ⎛ (A + B) ⎞ ⎥
⎢ sin ⎜ π − ⎟⎥
Now, cos2θ1 + cos2θ2 + cos2θ3 + cos2θ4 ⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦

= 1 ((l + m + n)2 + (– l– m + n)2 C⎡ ⎛ A−B⎞ ⎛ A + B ⎞⎤

3 + (– l + m + n)2 + (l – m + n)2) = 2 + sin cos ⎜ ⎟ − cos ⎜ ⎟⎥
2 ⎢⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦
1

om
= 3 .4 (l2 + m2 + n2) C⎡ A B⎤
= 2 + sin 2 sin sin ⎥
2 ⎢⎣ 2 2⎦
4 4
= (1) = .
3 3 A B C
= 2 + 2 sin sin sin
23. In a triangle ABC prove that 2 2 2

.c
A B C ⎡ A B C⎤
cos + cos + cos = 2 ⎢1 + sin sin sin ⎥
2 2 2 ⎣ 2 2 2⎦
π−A π− B π−C ⎡ A B C⎤
= 4cos cos cos
⎢ 4R sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 ⎥

on
4 4 4
= 2 ⎢1 + ⎥
Sol. RHS: ⎢ 4R ⎥
⎣ ⎦
⎛ π−A⎞ ⎛ π − B⎞ ⎛ π − C⎞
= 4cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ cos⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎡ r ⎤
= 2 ⎢1 +
⎣ 4R ⎥⎦

ti
⎡ ⎛π− A⎞ ⎛ π − B ⎞⎤ ⎛ π − C ⎞
= 2⎢ 2cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ ⎥cos ⎜
⎣ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠⎦ ⎝ 4 ⎠ r
= 2+ = RHS

⎣⎢ ⎝
⎛π−C⎞
cos ⎜
ca
⎡ ⎛ 2π − (A + B )⎞
= 2 ⎢cos ⎜
4 ⎠
⎛ A − B ⎞⎤
⎟ + cos ⎜
⎝ 4 ⎠⎦⎥
⎟⎥ .
2R

LHS = RHS
∴ Hence proved.
⎟
du
⎝ 4 ⎠
⎡ ⎛π+ C⎞ ⎛ A − B ⎞⎤
= 2 ⎢cos ⎜ ⎟ + cos ⎜ ⎟⎥ .
⎣ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠⎦
ie

⎛π−C⎞
cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠
sh

⎡ ⎛ π+C⎞ ⎛ π − C ⎞⎤
= 2 ⎢cos ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ cos ⎜ ⎟⎥
⎣ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠⎦

⎡ ⎛A− B⎞ ⎛ π − C ⎞⎤
+2 ⎢cos ⎜
ak

⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟⎥
⎣ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠⎦

⎛ π+C+π−C ⎞ ⎛ π+ C− π+ C ⎞
= cos⎜ ⎟ + cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
.s

⎛ A− B+ π− C⎞ ⎛ A− B − π + C ⎞
+ cos ⎜ ⎟ + cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠

π C A B
w

= cos + cos + cos + cos

2 2 2 2
A B C
= cos + cos + cos = L.H.S
w

2 2 2
∴ Hence Proved.
w

24. Show that

A B C r
cos 2 + cos2 + cos2 = 2 + .
2 2 2 2R
A B C
Sol. LHS: cos 2 + cos2 + cos2
2 2 2
A B C
= cos 2 + 1 − sin2 + cos2
2 2 2
A B C
= 1 + cos 2 − sin 2 + cos2
2 2 2
⎡ ⎛ A+ B⎞ ⎛ A − B ⎞⎤ 2 C
= 1 + ⎢cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ + cos
⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦ 2

⎛ π− C⎞ ⎛ A − B⎞
= 1 + cos ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ ⎟+
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
C
1 − 2sin 2
2

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