Page 1 of 6

Sonotron NDT
4, Pekeris str., Rabin Science Park, Rehovot, 76702, Israel
Phone:++972-(0)8-9311000 Fax:++972-(0)8-9477712

Fillet and Tee Welds: Compression Wave Detection of Incomplete Penetration

1. 0-deg B-Scan

Notes:
 Mode of ISONIC 2009, ISONIC 2010 Instrument
Operation: Delay Line  ABI Scan
 PA Probe: Linear Array, Frequency 2 or 5 MHz (Typical)
o Delay Line Height to be defined as:
Delay _ Line _ Height Flange _ Thickness  Max (Y 1, Y 2)

Delay _ Line _ Ultrasonic _ Velocity Material _ Velocity

o Alternatively linear array probe with thin protector

and no delay line to be used
 Aperture  4
 Number of elements, pitch size:
( Nubmer _ Of _ Elements  Aperture ) * Pitch _ Size  Web _ Thickness  X 1  x 2

 Probe placement – on the flange (see photo)

 Important Settings:
o Thickness Correction = ON
o Thickness = Flange Thickness + Max (Y1, Y2)
 Weak points: relatively large footprint of the probe is
required while the flange surface is not so flat – this may
cause problem with coupling whilst scanning along the weld

ABCDEF
 Page 2 of 6

Sonotron NDT
4, Pekeris str., Rabin Science Park, Rehovot, 76702, Israel
Phone:++972-(0)8-9311000 Fax:++972-(0)8-9477712

Typical B-Scan - full penetration

2
2

1 – Interface echo

2 – Weld geometry echoes

Typical B-Scan - incomplete penetration

2 2

1 – Interface echo

2 – Weld geometry echoes

3 – Incomplete Penetration

ABCDEF
 Page 3 of 6

Sonotron NDT
4, Pekeris str., Rabin Science Park, Rehovot, 76702, Israel
Phone:++972-(0)8-9311000 Fax:++972-(0)8-9477712

Typical C-Scan and 3D Image obtained through scanning along the weld:

Incomplete penetration

ABCDEF
 Page 4 of 6

Sonotron NDT
4, Pekeris str., Rabin Science Park, Rehovot, 76702, Israel
Phone:++972-(0)8-9311000 Fax:++972-(0)8-9477712

2. Sector Scan

Notes:
 Mode of ISONIC 2009, ISONIC 2010 Instrument
Operation: Delay Line  Sector Scan
 PA Probe: Linear Array, Frequency 2 or 5 MHz (Typical)
o Delay Line Height to be defined as:
Delay _ Line _ Height Flange _ Thickness  Max (Y 1, Y 2)

Delay _ Line _ Ultrasonic _ Velocity Material _ Velocity

o Alternatively linear array probe with thin protector

and no delay line to be used
o Typical number of elements in the probe may be
either 8, 16 – pitch size 0.5 or 1 mm or 32 – pitch
size 0.5 mm
 Aperture = 8, 16 or 32 (Typical)

 Probe placement – on the flange (see photo)

 Important Settings:
o Thickness Correction = ON
o Thickness = Flange Thickness + Max (Y1, Y2)
o Focal Depth = Flange Thickness
o Angle Gain Compensation is Necessary
o DAC is strongly recommended
o Beam Steering Range Not to Exceed ± 20…25o
 Sector scan coverage allows use of probes with smaller
footprint – this eases the scanning

ABCDEF
 Page 5 of 6

Sonotron NDT
4, Pekeris str., Rabin Science Park, Rehovot, 76702, Israel
Phone:++972-(0)8-9311000 Fax:++972-(0)8-9477712

Typical Sector Scan - full penetration

2
2

1 – Interface echo

2 – Weld geometry echoes

Typical Sector Scan - incomplete penetration

3
2 2

1 – Interface echo

2 – Weld geometry echoes

3 – Incomplete Penetration

ABCDEF
 Page 6 of 6

Sonotron NDT
4, Pekeris str., Rabin Science Park, Rehovot, 76702, Israel
Phone:++972-(0)8-9311000 Fax:++972-(0)8-9477712

Typical C-Scan and 3D Image obtained through scanning along the weld:

Incomplete penetration

ABCDEF