Beruflich Dokumente
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Induction
Persons Behind Electromagnetism
• Hans Christian
Oersted (1820)
- a Danish physicist
that observed electric
current in a wire
produces magnetic
field around the wire.
Persons Behind Electromagnetism
• Joseph Henry (1831)
- an American scientist
and teacher
- first to observe EM
induction
- works of Henry were
given little recognition
because they were not
published
Persons Behind Electromagnetism
• Michael Faraday
(1831)
- English scientist
who conducted
experiments on EM
induction
Electromagnetic Induction
Note: The induced voltage in a coil is proportional to the number of loops multiplied
by the magnetic field changes within those loops.
Lenz’s Law
• converts mechanical
energy into
electrical energy
• also called
alternator
As a wire moves back and forth past a magnet, the resulting current changes
direction (AC)
Recall: A motor converts electrical energy (from the battery) into mechanical energy
(rotation of the armature)
Generators
• invented by
Hippolyte Pixii, an
instrument maker
from Paris.
Two Types of Generators
• AC generator
- Alternating
Current
• DC generator
- Direct Current
DC AC
The difference between a DC generator and AC
generator or AC alternator is that the pair of split
rings called commutator in a DC generator is fixed
and alternately contacts with the opposite sides of the
coil carrying current from the armature. This makes
the current flow in only one direction.
alternately change
in direction
A- magnets
B- brushes
C- slip rings
D- shaft
E- armature
Turbine: When the armature of a generator is
connected to a wheel which captures wind, water, or
steam in order to turn and produce electrical energy
AC Generator
• converts electrical
energy into
mechanical energy
Two Types of motors
AC motor
• AC motor
Brushed DC
• DC motor
- brushed DC
motor
- brushless DC
motor
• AC motor does
not have
brushes or
commutator.
• It is similar
with
transformers
that uses two
coils- primary
and secondary
coils.
• Brushed DC
motor
- the armature,
together with the
electromagnet,
rotates and is
called as rotor.
- the permanent
magnets are
Turbine: When the armaturestationary,
of a generator is
called
connected to a wheel which captures wind, water, or
stators.
steam in order to turn and produce electrical energy
Brushed DC Motor
t= 5s
E= −Ν (∆Φ / ∆t)
Required:
E= (−1)(0.5Wb/5s)
∆Φ = ?
E= −0.1V
induced emf = ?
Formula:
∆Φ = BA(cosӨfinal−cosӨ initial) Note: If there is no
mentioned number of loops
E= −Ν (∆Φ / ∆t)
or turns of wire, use 1.
Example #2
A 500-turn rectangular loop of wire has
an area per turn of 4.5x10-3m2. At t0=0s,
a magnetic field is turned on, and its
magnitude increases to 0.50 T when
t=0.75s. The field is directed at an
angle of 30 with respect to the normal
0
Note: Perpendicular
Given:
B = 1.10 T
A = 20 cm (diameter)
t= 2.5 s
Required:
induced emf = ?
Formula:
E= −Ν (∆Φ / ∆t)
Note:Өinitial = cos0 (nothing mentioned in the problem)
Өfinal = cos0 (nothing mentioned in the problem)
Solution:
To get the induced emf, get the change in flux first.
∆Φ = BA(cosӨfinal−cosӨ initial)
Note: If diameter is given, use the equation A= πd2/4
∆Φ= (1.10 T)(π(20cm)2/4)(cos0−cos0)
∆Φ= (1.10 T)(π(0.2m)2/4) Note: Convert cm to m.
∆Φ= 0.03Wb
Solution: (Cont.)
E= −Ν (∆Φ / ∆t)
E= (−1)(0.03Wb / 2.5s)
E= -0.012 V or -0.01 V
Example #5
A 20 cm diameter loop of wire is
initially in a 1.10 T magnetic field. It is
then removed perpendicularly from
the field in 2.5 s. What is the average
induced emf?
Given:
B = 1.10 T
A = 20 cm (diameter)
t= 2.5 s
Өfinal = cos90⁰ (removed perpendicularly)
Required:
induced emf = ?
Formula:
E= −Ν (∆Φ / ∆t)
Note: Өinitial = cos0 (nothing mentioned in the problem)
Solution:
To get the induced emf, get the change in flux first.
∆Φ = BA(cosӨfinal−cosӨ initial)
Note: If diameter is given, use the equation A= πd2/4
∆Φ= (1.10 T)(π(20cm)2/4)(cos90⁰−cos0)
Note: Convert cm to m.
∆Φ= (1.10 /4)
T)(π(0.2m)2 (cos90⁰−cos0)
∆Φ= −0.03Wb
Solution: (Cont.)
E= −Ν (∆Φ / ∆t)
E= (−1)(−0.03Wb / 2.5s)
E= 0.012 V or 0.01 V
Solve the following problems. Write your answer on a one whole
sheet of paper. Submit this on April 15, 2020. Good luck.Keep safe.
Practice Exercises
1.The plane of a 25-turn circular coil of wire that has a diameter of
12 cm is perpendicular to a 4.3 T magnetic field. Determine the
change in the magnetic flux of the coil and the average induced emf
in the coil if the magnetic field drops to 0 in 0.21s.
2. A magnetic field is perpendicular to a 4 cm x 6 cm rectangular
coil of wire consisting of 100 turns. In 0.050 s, the magnetic field
of 0.52 T was induced in the coil. What is the average induced
emf?
3. A circular coil consisting of 300 turns each of radius 0.06m is
rotating in a uniform magnetic field. At t=0, the normal to the coil
is perpendicular to the magnetic field 2.5 T. At t=0.01s, the normal
makes 30⁰ with respect to the normal to the coil. Find the
magnitude of the induced emf.