Industrial Relation

 Six parts of Industrial Relation

1. Employment
2. Training and communication
3. Health and safety
4. Employee services and benefits
5. Labor relations
6. Wage and salary administrations

Manufacturing
 It includes the operations directly concerned with the making of the product
 It includes various services to productive operation
 Type of manufacturing services:
1. Industrial Engineering
2. Plant Service
3. Plant Engineering

Marketing
 Two parts of distribution of products:
1. Sales
2. Promotion
 Third part of marketing: Service

Internal Finance and Office Services

 The individual responsible for the supervision of internal finance is fully qualified by background
and training to supervise the office services.

Management Structure
 Purpose: to facilitate coordination and to control the activities of the company
 No two companies are identical

Lines of responsibility and authority

 Everyone in a company should know to whom they are responsible
 The lines of responsibility that are indistinct can lead to grumbling and misunderstanding.
 Lines of responsibility work in two ways:
1. Executive to supervisor to workers
2. Workers to authority
Meaning of Responsibility and authority
 Responsibility without authority is hell.
 Authority and responsibility must go together.
 Responsibility…
 Authority…

Trends toward Decentralization of authority and responsibility

 Job characteristics that vary inversely with the number of job holders:
1. Planning horizons
2. Freedom of action
3. Variety of work
4. More pay for more responsibility

Available Personnel
 Two factors:
1. The need for close supervision as judged by the skill of the workers and the difficulty of
the operations
2. Availability of experienced and trustworthy personnel capable of acting in supervision
capacities

Types of Organization:
1. Line organization
 Simplest form
 Direct straight line responsibility and control
 Referred to military control
2. Line and Staff Organization
 The coordinating force that worked toward the preservation of harmony and good
personnel relations
3. Functional organization (Pure)
 Worker had a multiplicity of bosses
4. Line and Functional Staff Organization
 …

Committees
 Formed for the performance of special duties.

Need for Committees

 Free to devote attention to special problems
 Cooperative effort

Four Basic Principles of Committee Organization

 1. The organization of committee should grow out of a need that is recognized by
representatives of the departments and the personnel affected.
2. The personnel of a committee should be representative of the function and the personnel
concerned and should represent variations in opinion among personnel.
3. Duties, authority, and responsibility must be clearly defined even if, owing to circumstances,
they must be subject to change.
4. The organization and operation of a committee should be cooperative development.

Weaknesses of Committees
1. Slow
2. Waste time
3. Tends to hang on after its usefulness is over