Nama : Alfryana Towesu

Nim : 201701054

Kelas : 2c

MK : Bahasa Inggris

1. What are the steps to deal with the patients, if they have one of these diseases
a. Dehydration
b. Diarrhea
c. Cold
d. Fatigue
2. What are the signs, if a patient has one of the diseases? (it is based on what
you have chosen)

Answer
1. Steps to deal with patients with:
a. Dehydration
Common medical measures performed viz when dehydration can not
be treated, the first medical action taken is to restore the balance of fluids
in the body. If dehydration is not accompanied by nausea and vomiting,
fluid replacement is performed orally.
However, when signs of dehydration are included in severe
dehydration, the treatment is done using an IV. The intravenous fluids that
enter the blood vessels can be quickly absorbed by the body.
b. Diarrhonea
Medical treatment:
1) Giving fluids
a) Oral liquid
In clients with mild and moderate dehydratioh, fluids are given
orally in the form of a liquid containing NaCl and Na, HCO, K and
 glucose, for acute diarrhea over 6 month of age with dehydration
mild, or moderate sodium levels of 50-60 meg/ I can be made on
your own (containing salt and sugar solution) or sugar-stained
water with salt. The foregoing is for home treatment before being
taken to the hospital to prevent further dehydration.
b) Parenteral fluid
Regarding how much liquid should be given depends from weight
or mild dehydration, which counts fluid loss accoding to age and
weight.
2) Diatetic: giving special food and drink to the client with the aim of
healing and maintaining health as necessary: provide food ingredients
that contain calories, protein, vitamins, minerals and clean food.
3) Medicines
The principle of diarrhea treatment is to replace lost fluids through
feces with or without vomiting, with the tips contains electrolytes and
glucose or other carbohydrates (sugar, rice flour, etc).
a) Anti-secretion drugs
b) Anti-spasmolytic drugs
c) Stool hardener medicine
d) Antibiotic drugs
c. Cold
1) Pre hospital
a) Move sufferers to a warm pleace
b) Hold the affected part gently, never rubbing the affected part
c) Warm gently by soaking the affected part in warm water (100-105
degrees Fahrenheit) until it looks red and palpable warm.
d) Wrap the affected part freely with a dry and sterile dressing
e) If the patient’s fingers or toes are injured due to extreme cold,
pleace a dry, sterile bandage between the wound and the dressing
so that they are separated
f) Don’t break the blisters
 g) Do not let the affected part freeze again
h) Check with health services as soon as possible
2) In hospital
a) Coma patients with cold trauma should be infused with a balanced
salt solution (RL) containing 100-300 mEq NaHCO3, which is
given in a speed of 250 ml/hour.
b) It is better to check the arterial Ph and Po2, as well as hematocrit
before the therapy is given. If the results of this examination can
not be obtained before treatment and in need of reheating the
network, than the speed of replacement the liquid must be
increased up to 50 ml/hour because it is reheating might increase
the degree of acidosis.
c) To treat hyposekmia that usually occurs in patients with cold
trauma, oxygen must be given with a mask or nasal catheter for 6-8
hours or until the arterial po2returns to normal. Tissue treatment
which is frozen or cold.
d) If the definitive maintenance facility is more than 1 or 2 hour away
and tissue can be kept warm, then the tissue is frozen or cold
immediately reheat. It is best coated by putting the patient in hot
tub
e) Surgery
(1) Escharotomy
(2) Sympathectomy for severe spasms and pain
(3) Deberidement after viable tissue retraction (13 weeks- 4
months after injury)
(4) Amputation of non viable tissue; maybe a few months after the
injury.
f) Medication
(1) Tetanus immunization 0.5 ml Im
(2) Plasma expander: dextran 40, 20 ml/kg Iv every 24 hours to
reduce deposits
 (3) Antibiotics: tetracycline or ampcilin for prophylaxin, 250 mg
posely every 6 hour.
(4) Narcotic analgesics: morphine 15 mg IM every 3 hour
(5) Pyretic analgesic: aspirin, 600 mg posely every 3 hours.
d. Fatigue
1) Examining the causes of fatigue, whenever, where and when doing
what.
2) If it is too heavy is necessary to consult with experts and experienced
people
3) Perfrom recovery from fatigue by exercising regularly, getting enough
sleep, socializing, relaxation, and if deemed necessary to see a doctor
4) Requesting time off work
5) Adequate nutrition
2. Sing and symptoms diarrhea are more bowel movements of 3 times, limp
body, no appetite, bad skin turgo, dry lip mucous membrane, in the stooi there
can be blood or mucus, in children can look sunken and obedient nelwan
(2014).