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ELECTRIC, CONNECTED
g AND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES SYMPOSIUM
ion Regional User Meeting | October 11 | Dearborn, MI
2018 SIMULIA Great Lakes
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MULTISCALE SIMULATION FOR AUTOMOTIVE RADAR lU
se
No
Christopher Alain Jones | SIMULIA Solutions Consultant
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50000
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45000 se
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3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

g2
01
No
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30000
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25000 on na
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20000 5.00% se
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Persons killed in road accidents
No Percentage Cyclist Fatalities
t
Linear (Persons killed in road accidents) foLinear
r re(Percentage Cyclist Fatalities)
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Road_accident_fatalities_-_statistics_by_type_of_vehicle
2
https://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/sites/roadsafety/files/pdf/statistics/dacota/asr2017.pdf d
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3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

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Automotive Radarna Architecture – Our Topic
lU
se Architecture:
Radar
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► Emitters
ee and receivers (antennas)
► RF Moduletin(LNA, HPA, filters, modulators…)
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

g 2 RAM …)
► DSP (Processors,0 18
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Choose Solvergto
ion Match Problem Type
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3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

g2
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No
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Automotive Radarna Range of Scale
lU
se>1000λ
 Range of scales at 77 GHz: 5λ  r Me
eti
ng
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

20
18
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Antenna Antenna + Radome Module Integrated inside Platform se
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Automotive Radarna Range of Scale
lU
se>1000λ
 Range of scales at 77 GHz: 5λ  r Me
eti
ng
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

20
18
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Antenna Antenna + Radome Module Integrated inside Platform se
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Simulation Approach
na for Antenna
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se solver
 Relatively small structure  full-wave with volumetric mesh
r Me
eti
ng Time Domain solver
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

20Larger structures
►
18 antennas
► Planar
No Gr antennas
t fo ► Non-resonant
ea
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trib es
Frequency Domain solver
uti ► Curved structures Re
on gio
► Very fine details na
► Many ports lU
► High Q antennas
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Smallest detail: ≈ 0.025λ Largest extent: ≈N5λ
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Antenna Magus nfor
a Antenna Design
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se but how to design them?
 Different options for radar antennas,
r
Me
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3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

20
18
No Gr
t fo ea
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dis ke CST models
Provides antenna designs with
trib sR
uti that are: e
on ► Fully parameterized gio
n
► Ready for modification and more complex al
optimization
Us
e
► Ready for integration in module
No
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Radar AntennagioDesign
na (from Literature)
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rM E-theta E-phi
ee
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3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

g2
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Matching/Tuning ke
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No Elevation Azimuth
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Radar Dual Antenna
na Design
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se E-theta_Tx E-phi_Tx E-theta_Rx E-phi_Rx

Tx
rM
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3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

g2
Rx 01
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S-Matrix uti gio
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No Elevation Elevation

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Antenna Performance
na Indicator: Phase Difference
lU
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r MPhase difference between Rx and Tx farfields
Observation point ee
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3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

g2
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Tx Rx
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Smooth phase difference indicates useful angular range of the radar
No
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Automotive Radarna Range of Scale
lU
se>1000λ
 Range of scales at 77 GHz: 5λ  r Me
eti
ng
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

20
18
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Antenna Antenna + Radome Module Integrated inside Platform se
No
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Simulation Approach:
na Antenna with Radome
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se full-wave time domain approach
 Larger structure with dielectrics  r Me
eti
ng Time Domain solver
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

20Possibly complex thick

►
18 dielectrics
layered
No Gr mesh required
t fo  volumetric
ea
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dis a
► Relatively large kes
trib Re
 T-solver numerically more
uti g
on efficient than F-solver ion
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► Imported CAD e
Smallest detail: ≈ 0.025λ Largest extent: ≈N14λ  no meshing problems
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Effect of Radome naon Antenna Performance
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Gain_E-theta Gain_E-phi
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Antenna rM
only
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3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

g2
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Effect of Radom non
a Antenna Phase Performance
lU
sePhase difference between Rx and Tx farfields
Antenna rM
only
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3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

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With uti Re
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Effect of Radom non
a Antenna Phase Performance
lU
sePhase difference between Rx and Tx farfields
Antenna rM
only
ee 40°
tin
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

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With uti Re
radome on 30° gio
40° na
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Automotive Radarna Range of Scale
lU
se>1000λ
 Range of scales at 77 GHz: 5λ  r Me
eti
ng
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

20
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Antenna Antenna + Radome Module Integrated inside Platform se
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Simulation Approach:
na Antenna in Vehicle
lU
 Structure too large for volumetricse
mesh
r solver hybrid technique required
Me
Largest extent:
eti
ng ► Finely detailed antenna
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

≈ 1180λ 20  full wave solver with

1volumetric
8 mesh
No Gr
t fo ea
r re ► Huge complex t Limported CAD
dis  surface meshabased
ke solver that
trib sR
can handle poorly CAD quality
uti eg
on ion
► Combined multiscale approach a lU
required! se
Smallest detail:
≈ 0.025λ No
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Simulation Approach:
na Antenna in Vehicle
lU
se and ray tracing approach required
 Hybrid approach combining full-wave
r Me
eti
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3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

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Antenna Interaction
na with Vehicle Interior
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 Observe the initial hit points se
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3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

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 The antenna does not only radiate in
Nthe intended direction.
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Antenna Interaction
na with Vehicle Interior
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0° rM -80°
ee
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3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

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 Observing the ray paths can help us understand the origins of spurious radiated se
fields and devise ways of mitigatingNthem.
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Antenna Radiation
na Beyond the Vehicle
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s er
E-Field magnitude (based on 1 W applied power)
M ee
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3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

g2
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No
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Radar Calibration:na Single Target Detection
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se
rM
Triple reflector ee
tin
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

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Incidence 1st order reflection 3rd order reflection se
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Radar Calibration:na Single Target Detection
lU
 The radiation patterns of both Txsand
er Rx antennas are clearly affected by the
reflector. Me
eti
ng
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

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Tx Rx se
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Radar Calibration:na Single Target Detection
lU
se at the corresponding position of the target.
 The phase difference shows a jumpr Me
-45° eti
ng
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

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65°
No
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Radar Calibration:na Multiple Target Detection
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3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

g2 0° -30°
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No Top View
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Radar Calibration:na Multiple Target Detection
lU
seof both targets.
 Directivity shows shadowing effect r Me
eti
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3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

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Tx Rx se
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Radar Calibration:na Multiple Target Detection
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-45° se
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3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

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65° lU
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The phase difference shows a jump at the corresponding positions of the target.
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Radar Performance:
na Realistic Target Detection
lU
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rM
ee
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3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

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Radar Performance:
na Realistic Target Detection
lU
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rM
ee
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3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

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Observation angles: 165° -195° No
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Radar Performance:
na Realistic Target Detection
lU
se
rM
The hotspot analysis ee
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3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

tells us which areas g2

reflect most strongly. 01
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Can we design vehicles to be N
better reflectors for radar observation?
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Radar Performance:
na Realistic Target Detection
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Reflection appearance from multiple rM
directions of incidence? ee
tin
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

g2
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The sinogram provides a se
“fingerprint” of target vehicles.
No
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Complete Technology
na for Automotive Radar Design
lU
se
rM
ee
tin
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | 06-Nov-18 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015

g2
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Antenna Antenna + Radome Module Integrated inside Platform
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No
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Re
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na
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No
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