Energy Saving in Building by Using Energ PDF

IRJMST Vol 5 Issue 11 [Year 2014] ISSN 2250 – 1959 (0nline) 2348 – 9367 (Print)
Energy saving in building by using energy efficient green building materials
P.S.Jatav1, Prof. Deepak Rastogi2, Dr. M.K. Trivedi3

1. Student scholar, M.E. Civil (CTM) MITS Gwalior (M.P.)
2. Associate Prof. Department of Civil Engineering, MITS Gwalior (M.P.)
3. Prof. Department of Civil Engineering, MITS Gwalior (M.P.)
Abstract:
The built environment is a significant contributor to global green house gas emissions. In many
industrialized nations, more than 40% of carbon emissions are the result of energy consumption by
buildings. Using the right materials in our homes can help preserve the environment and save our money
in long run whether we are constructing a new building from ground up. Using energy efficient building
materials can save our hundred even many thousands of rupees not only in energy savings but also in tax
incentives, grants and rebates. Low energy materials may be used for construction of floor, slab, roof
slab, walling system, false ceiling, inbuilt furniture, internal partitioning, paneling etc. in order to reduce
the overall embodied energy of the building structure. As per literature studies/ survey more than 70% of
the total materials used in the building interior should be low energy or energy efficient. Hence, choice
of the building material is very important in reducing the energy contents of building. This paper is
focused on energy saving in building using energy efficient green building materials. For this purpose an
institutional building constructed in the campus of IIITM Gwalior is visited during its construction and
is taken as a case study
Introduction:
The buildings sector accounts for about 40% of primary energy consumption, 70% of the electricity use
and 40% of atmospheric emissions in developed countries. Globally buildings account for about 20-30%
of primary energy use and emissions. Currently total annual world primary energy consumption from
human activities is about 450 quadrillion (i.e. 470 EJ). World building energy use is projected to grow
by 38 quads (40 EJ) by year 2030. The current rate of total annual world anthropogenic carbon
emissions is about 6500 million metric tons of carbon equivalents per year (MMTCE/Year). A rough
estimate of current carbon emissions from the world’s building stock would be about 1300-2200
MMTCE/Year. Energy efficient building construction is the practice of increasing the efficiency of
buildings and their use of energy water and materials and reducing building’s impact on human health
and the built environment through better sitting, design, construction, operation, maintenance and
removal taken into account every aspect of the complete building life style. Conventional methods of
heating, cooling, ventilating creates damage to environment in terms of toxic gases, bad smell, increased
load of bacteria and fungi within the building or facility. Development without environmental
considerations can cause serious long term damage to the quality of life of present and future
generations. Many studies worldwide have shown that the era of the global warming has been
accelerated due to human activity e.g. industrialization, deforestation etc. hence our main aim to reduce
International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology

http://www.irjmst.com Page 53
overall impact of the built environment on human health and natural environment by construction of
energy efficient green building adopting construction techniques and using low energy materials.
According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), improved energy efficiency in buildings, industrial
processes and transportation could reduce the world’s energy needs in year 2050 by one third and
control global emissions of green house gases effectively.
Literature Review:
Meaning of energy efficient building: Energy efficient building can be defined as building that are
designed to produce a significant reduction of the energy need for heating and cooling independently of
the energy and of the construction materials and equipments that will be chosen to heat or cool the
building.
Aims to construct energy efficient home:
 One of the goals is to introduce day lighting into the interior spaces of the building through
windows and sky lights to reduce the need for artificial lighting.
 Secondly, to maintain thermal comfort and minimize internal cooling or heating loads; the
building envelope needs to regulate and optimize heat transfer through roof, walls, windows,
doors and other openings.
 To reduce overall impact of the built environment on human health and natural environment.
 Resource conservation.
How to reduce the consumption of valuable energy in buildings: Valuable energy can be saved in
buildings by adopting some essential concepts:
 Proper orientation of the building to take maximum advantage of the sun.

 Land scaping by vegetation, to alter wind direction & ambient temperature.
 Choice of building insulation/roof gardens/color and textures.
 Properly sized and shaped windows.
 Placement of windows to allow X-Ventilation.
 Details of roof innovatively to admit maximum day light.
 Use efficient lamps, fixtures and controls.
 Use solar water heating system.
 Use hybrid earth air tunnel system and air conditioning to reduce loads.
Strategies for energy efficient building: General strategies for achieving energy efficiency in buildings
are as follows:
 Maximization of losses
 Maximization of solar gains (heating case)
 Minimization of solar gains (cooling case)
 Minimization of electricity demand for artificial lighting
Minimization of losses: Transmission of heat losses plays an important role for the energy performance
of buildings. Depending on the building type (housing, office, schools etc.) transmission losses can have
the highest ratio of all losses. Therefore the first design relevant measure should be the reduction of
heating losses by minimization of the shape-volume ratio.
Maximizations of solar gains (Heating case) – In the heating period, maximization of passive solar
gains should be the main target to reduce the heating energy demand. Optimized interaction of
orientation, size of windows and disposable thermal mass are the key elements. Use of passive solar
energy and mechanical ventilation with heat recovery for heating, special design of windows and a
special sunblind with reflector (reflecting sunlight to the ceilings etc.) enables a maximization of solar
heat gains for the building. Massive floors, walls and special designed ceilings (ribbed concrete slabs
with large surface area) are used for the storage of solar energy.
Minimizations of solar gains (Cooling case) - Orientation and size of transparent building elements
(windows) have important influence on the cooling demand. North-South orientation is the best
orientation for the reduction of heating and the cooling energy demand. Intelligent shading elements
with different orientations (e.g. south windows with horizontal elements west and east windows with
vertical elements) are further measures for the reductions of solar gains. In office building up to two
third of the total cooling load (around 200 to250 WH/m2/day) can be managed by passive cooling
without mechanical energy.
Minimization of electricity demand for artificial lighting – Besides heating and cooling, the energy
demand for artificial lighting is of importance for energetic performance buildings. Buildings with huge
overall width like office buildings tend to have substantial energy demand for artificial lighting. The
development of innovative daylight concepts is the most important strategy to decrease the energy
demand for lighting.
Energy efficient building materials:
Choosing the right building materials and using them properly is a key to the construction of an energy
efficient house. Building materials with energy features are as under:
 Insulation products
 Air and vapour barriers
 Windows and doors
 Ventilation equipments
Insulation products: - There are many types of insulation products including:
Fibre insulation which consists of glass fibre and cellulose.
 Foam Insulation which consists of panel type foam insulation and spray on foam insulation.
 Reflective foil insulation.

 Glass fibre insulations are available in bat form, in panel form and use as a blown in product for
use in walls, ceilings, and exposed floors.
 Cellulose insulation is available as a blown in product for use in walls, ceilings, and exposed
floors.
 Board or panel type foam insulation consists of; expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene,
poly-isocyanurate, polyurethane etc.
 Spray in place product type foam insulation consists of; polyurethane low density ½ lb. density
and polyurethane medium density 2 lb. density.
 Reflective insulation products require an air space on the warmer side.
Air and vapour barriers:
 Every energy efficient house should include both effective air and vapour barrier system. .
 Energy efficient homes control air leakage to reduce heat loss and moisture entry into insulated
floor areas.
 Vapour barriers are used on the warm side of insulated walls, ceilings and exposed floors to
prevent air borne moisture from wicking into these areas.
 Some foam insulations perform as a vapor barrier.
Air Barriers: Interior air barriers are any materials installed to stop warm moist inside air from leaking
out through holes in the building envelope into installed walls, ceilings and exposed floors. Exterior air
barriers stop outside air from infiltrating inside through holes in the building envelope. The air barrier
system must be continuous with all seams, edges, gaps and holes sealed and it is durable over the
expected life of building. The air barriers can be made from a wide range of flexible or rigid materials.
Vapour Barriers: Low vapour permeable materials used on the warm side of insulated walls, ceilings,
and exposed floors to prevent air borne moisture from wicking into these areas. These materials include:
polyethylene, aluminum foil, oil based paints, vapor barrier paints, some foam insulation materials, and
some ply woods.
Energy efficient windows and doors: Energy efficient windows and doors provide a range of benefits
to a home. This includes:
 Reduced heat loss.

 Warmer inside surfaces.
 Reduced moisture condensation.
 Improved comfort to occupants.
 Reduced ultraviolet radiation.
Features of energy efficient windows:

 Double or triple layers of glass.

 Low E-coating on one or more of the glass surfaces. Argon or Krypton gas between the layers of
glass.
 Insulated spacers between the layers of glass.
Ventilation equipment: All the houses need proper ventilation.
 The national building code started to set minimum ventilation rates for new houses in 1995.
 Natural air leakage is often inadequate for good air quality.
 Ventilation helps to supply fresh air and control indoor air pollution.
 Ventilation helps to control humidity during the heating season.
 Heat recovery ventilation system (HRV) provides fresh outside air to our house while exhausting
indoor air to the outside.
 A proper installed system will have a balanced air flow in and outside of our house.
 An HRV recovers heat from the exhaust air to warm up the colder outside air entering our home.
Use of low VOC and lead free paints in interiors: The indoor air quality of building can be achieved
through the use of low VOC and lead free paints. Use of high VOC paints in interiors of building can be
a major health hazard for the building occupants. Lead in paints can also be detrimental to the health of
building occupants. Therefore always prefer paints which are low VOC and lead free for achieving
thermal comfort inside the building. Paints can also be replaced by white wash or dry distempers or
cement paints or exposed brick finish.
Use of Pozzolona Port land cement: It contains fly ash mixed with cement. The use of Pozzolona Port
land cement ensures that fly ash which is a waste material or by product of thermal power plants, is used
in construction as an effective replacement of ordinary port land cement. This help in reducing the
overall embodied energy of cement as well as preventing molds/heaps of fly ash waste which can cause
air and water pollution. Therefore lower embodied energy materials and construction practices help in
reducing the emissions.
Use of Solarcrete structural insulated panels: Solarcrete is a concrete structural insulated panel wall
system constructed with EPS foam and concrete to build energy efficient concrete walls. The Solarcrete
insulated wall panel system can save our 60-100% in heating and cooling energy costs over traditional
construction methods. These wall systems provides following advantages:
 Comfortable and healthy interior environment.

 Heating/cooling energy savings.
 To build structurally strong building.
 Reduction in outside noise pollution.
 Storm resistant.
 Fire resistant.

 Low maintenance.
 Mold/Mildew/Rot resistant.
 Vermin and termite resistant.
 Life cycle cost effectiveness.
Terra cotta blocks and semi wire cur bricks: For creating energy efficient and thermally comfortable
spaces, a combination of hollow terra cotta blocks and semi wire cur bricks have been used for the
external walls. This form a wall with three air cavities, the terra cotta blocks on the outside and the
bricks on the inside, keeping the interiors cool and bringing down the use of air-conditioning. Besides
serving as a passive coolant, the external wall is also very low on maintenance, bringing down the long
term maintenance costs of the building. Use of high reflective materials on the roof top: use light colored
roof having a solar reflectance index (SRI) of 5% or more. The dark colored traditional roofing finishes
have SRI varying from 5% to 20%. A good example of high SRI is the use of broken china mosaic and
light colored tiles as roof finishes which reflect heat of the surface because of high solar reflectivity and
infrared emittance, which in turn, prevents heat gain and thus help in reducing the cooling load from the
building envelope.
Use of high reflective materials on the roof top: use light colored roof having a solar reflectance index
(SRI) of 50% or more. The dark colored traditional roofing finishes have SRI varying from 5% to 20%.
A good example of high SRI is the use of broken china mosaic and light colored tiles as roof finishes;
which reflect heat of the surface because of high reflectivity and infrared emittance which in turn
prevents heat gain and thus help in reducing the cooling load from the building envelope.
CASE STUDY:
Energy efficient green materials used in case study building:
 Grit wash
 Sand stone cladding
 Gypsum board
 Glass wool
 Tinted glass
 Energy efficient windows and ventilators
Grit wash: Grit wash is the right choice for us. Better known as exposed aggregate plaster, this hardly
decorative finish can easily with stand harsh weather conditions. A mortar of Birla white cement,
dolomite powder and chips in a ratio of 2.5:1:6 is perfect for grit wash. Before the application, the
surface should be leveled with a float. After an initial setting of 1-2 hours, the grit wash surface should
be scrubbed gently with a nylon brush and water to remove the cement on top of the chips and to expose
the aggregates. The grit washes have applied on the walls of case study building to provide
cover/thickness to walls and keep cool inside the envelope. Hence reduce the demand to extra cooling
for interior spaces of the building.

Sand stone cladding: Sand stone cladding was developed to make publicly available a product that we
as stone masons have been creating and using for years over 30 year experience. It is not a quality
product, but a timeless master piece that will stand the test of time, and because it is real Indian sand
stone we can rest peace fully knowing that it will still have as much character and charm in 100 years as
it does the day it is installed. Sand stone cladding is very popular with commercial buildings as it gives a
very modern look to a new or renovated building. Dholpur stone cladding stone is a natural, light weight
and installer friendly stone. Where there is not enough room for natural building stone. Sand stone
cladding has the significant advantage of low or no maintenance required compared to painted buildings.
Sand stone cladding can be used on interior surfaces as well as externally. The cladding corners make it
easy to use sand stone cladding on pillars and provides a beautiful finish. It is relatively easy in
installation. In case study building stone cladding is provided on outer exposed wall surfaces to provide
cover to the walls, to resist sun rays and to keep cool inside and in this way helpful in energy saving.

Gypsum board: Gypsum board is the generic name for a family of panel products that consist of a
noncombustible core, composed primarily of gypsum and a paper surfacing on the face back and long
edges. Gypsum board is one of several building materials covered by the umbrella term “Gypsum panel
“products contain gypsum cores; however, they can be face with a variety of different materials
including paper and fiber glass mats. Gypsum board is often call dry wall, wall board or plaster board. It
can be applied to masonry and concrete surfaces, either directly or to wood or metal furring strips. Most
common application in residential building construction is the gypsum board system in which the joints
between the panels and internal corners are reinforced with tape and covered with joint compound to
create a surface suitable for final decoration. Gypsum boards are easy to install. Gypsum board panels
are relatively large compared to other materials; they come in 48” and 54” wide sheets and in lengths of
8’, 10’ or 12’ so they quickly cover large wall and ceiling areas. Gypsum board assemblies require only
a few tools for their construction. Gypsum board can be cut with either a utility knife or a variety of
saws and it can be attached with a variety of fasteners. Gypsum board is a light weight material hence
two workers can easily handle most panels and cover large areas in very short time periods. Gypsum
board is an excellent fire resistive building material and protects building elements from fire for
prescribed time period. Gypsum board wall and ceiling system effectively helps, control sound
transmission. Gypsum board is used to construct strong, high quality walls and ceilings that offer
excellent dimensional stability and durability. Gypsum board is readily available and easy to apply. In
the case study building gypsum board is applied in the room area walls and ceilings for achieving
thermal comfort.
Tinted glass: Ordinary tinted glass is popular because it reduces heat gain and carbon emissions,
although it also marginally reduces visible light transmission. High performance or low energy tinted
glass or spectrally selective tinted glass reduces solar heat below that of ordinary bronze/grey tint but
has a visible transmittance closer to clear glass. The tint has little effect on the u-factor but reduces solar
heat gain considerably; which can reduce the need for air conditioning in the summer. Tinted glass is
useful in controlling glare-especially for those windows facing east or north east, return the sun light not
glare into our home. Tinted glass can reduce ultra violet transmittance and visible light, so when
strategically placed, it will reduce the transfer of heat and improve comfort. In fact, tinted glass can
reduce the solar heat transmission by 30%-50% when compared to ordinary clear float glass; especially

if used in an insulated glass unit for double glazed windows and doors. The solar energy is affected to
the darker shade of glass and is absorbed while the air draws this heat away from the building and its
uses. Also, it can be an alternative to low energy glass in double glazed units, when glass color is
important. In case study building tinted glass have fixed in east and west sun facing windows and
ventilators to reflect ultra violet radiation of sun and to obtained energy efficiency and thermal comfort.
Features and Benefits of Tinted Glass:
 Reduction in glare
 Privacy during day Light
 Designer Appearance
 Lower External Reflectance
 Solar Control
 Increase In property value
Resin bonded fiber glass wool: Glass wool or fire glass insulation is an insulating material made from
fibers of glass arranged into texture similar to wool. Glass wool is produced in rolls or in slabs with
different thermal and mechanical properties. Glass wool is a thermal insulation that consists of
intertwined and flexible glass fibers, which causes it to package air resulting in a low density that can be
varied through compression and binder content. It can be a loose fill material, blown into attics or
together with an active binder sprayed on the underside of structures. Sheets and panels can be used to
insulate flat surfaces such as cavity wall insulation, ceiling tiles, curtain walls as well as ducting. It is
also used to insulate piping and for sound proofing. In the case study building resin bonded fiber glass
wool is filled in walls and ceilings behind gypsum board as well as in under deck for achieving thermal
comfort and saving valuable energy.

Building components and their electrical appliances in IIITM Campus Building Gwalior
( only for ground floor portion As per drawing of building)

S.No. Type of Room Size of Room Rooms CFL FAN AC Water cooler
2 A.H.U. Room 2.745m x 6.97m 1 3 2 1 -
3 Lecture Hall 6.97m x 12.485m 2 16 8 4 -
4 Research Scholar Room 9.20m x 4.315m 1 6 4 2 -
5 Multipurpose Room 9.20m x 4.315m 1 6 4 2 -
6 Server Room 3.37m x 4.22m 1 2 2 1 -
7 UPS and Electrical Distribution 3.37m x 7.00m 1 3 2 1 -

Room
8 2.170m Wide Corridor 2.17m x 12.485m 1 4 -- -- -
9 1.870m Wide Corridor 1.87m x 12.485m 2 4 -- -- -

10 2.17m Wide Corridor http://www.irjmst.com
2.17m x 39.0m 1 12 -- -- Page 63 1
11 3.60m Wide Connecting Corridor 3.6m x 25.773m 1 6 -- -- -
12 3.30 Wide Stairs (front and rear) -- 2 2 -- -- -
13 Toilet Gents 3.23m x 3.60m 1 1 -- -- -
14 Handicaps Toilet 1.64m x 2.50m 1 1 -- -- -
Total 17 76 38 15 01
CALCULATION SHEET FOR ENERGY CONSUMPTION

TOTAL NO. OF CFLS = 76 NOS.
= 76X15W = 1140 = 1.14KW
Nos. of units for one hour = 1.14X1 = 1.14 units
Assume the working period of the educational building be 10 hrs per day
Nos. of units for one day = 10 hrs.X1.14 = 11.40 units
For one month (26 days excluding Sunday) = 26X11.40 = 296.40 units
For one year = 12X296.40 = 3556.80 units = 3557 units (say)
For17 years (payback period) = 17X3557 = 60469 units
As per MPEB’s current rates of energy consumption @ Rs 6.00 per unit
Energy price in terms of cost = 60469X6 = Rs 362814.00
TOTAL NO. OF FANS = 38 NOS.
= 38X50W = 1900W = 1.90KW
Nos. of units for one day = 1.90X10 = 19 units

Nos. of units for one month = 19X26 = 494 units
Nos. of units for one year = 494X12 = 5928 units
Nos. of units for 17 years = 5928X17 = 100776 units
Energy price in terms of cost @ Rs 6.00/unit = 6X100776 = Rs. 604656.00
TOTAL NOS. OF ACs = 14+1 = 15 NOS.
= 14x2.25KW+1X1.5KW = 33KW
Nos. of units for one hour = 33X1 = 33 units
Nos. of units for one day = 33X10 = 330 units
Nos. of units for 17 years = 102960X17 = 1750320 units
Energy price in terms of cost @ Rs. 6.00/unit = 1750320X6 = Rs. 10501920.00
TOTAL NOS. OF WATER COOLERS = 1 NO.
= 1X600W = 600W = 0.60KW
Nos. of units for one day = 0.60X10 = 6 units
Nos. of units consumed for 17 years = 1872X17 = 31824 units
Energy price in terms of cost @ Rs. 6.00/unit = 31824X6 = Rs.190944.00
TOTAL NOS. OF CFLS 85W = 6 NOS. (For surrounding building’s outer faces)
= 6X85 = 510W = 0.51KW
Nos. of units for one hour = 0.51X1 = 0.51 unit
Nos. of units for one day = 0.51X12 = 6.12 units
Nos. of units for one month = 6.12X30 = 183.60 units = 184 units (say)

Nos. of units consumed for 17 years = 2208X17 = 37536 units
Energy price in terms of cost @ Rs. 6.00/unit = 37536X6 = Rs.225216.00
Total cost of energy consumption for one year = Rs.699150.00
Total cost of energy consumption for 17 years = Rs. 11885550.00
Abstract of Estimated cost for Energy Efficient Green Building Materials

Used in the construction of IIITM campus Building Gwalior (M.P.)
S.N Description of items Qty. or NOS. Rate Unit Amount
1 2 3 4 5 6
Non-asbestos multipurpose cement board reinforced
with cellulose fiber manufactured through auto claving
process ( high pressure steam cured) as per is 14862
1 912.678 644.95 Sqm 588631.67
with suitable fiber cement Screw (Gypsum board)
8MM thick
DSR I. No. 9.133.2.1
Providing and fixing thermal insulation with resin
bonded fiber glass wool confirming to is 8183 having
density 24Kg/M3, 50MM thick wrapped in 200G virgin
2 polythene Bags fixed to wall with screw rawel plug and 912.678 304.95 Sqm 278321.15
washers and held in position by criss crossing G.I. wire
etc complete as per direction of Engineer-in-charge .
DSR.I.No. 12.57
Providing and fixing thermal insulation of ceiling (under
deck insulation) with resin bonded fiber glass wool
confirming to IS:8183 density 24Kg/M3, 50MM thick,
3 wrapped in 200G virgin polythene Bags, Fixed to ceiling 1600.00 431.70 Sqm 690720.00
with metallic cleats (50x50x3MM) @ 60CM and wire
mesh of 12.5 MMx24gauge wire mesh, for top most
ceiling of Building DSR.I.No. 12.34
Distempering with 1st quality acrylic distemper having
VOC (volatile organic compound) content less then
50gms/litre , of approved brand and manufacture,
4 1800.00 34.40 Sqm 61920.00
including applying additional coats wherever required
to achieve even shade and color two coats DSR.I.No.
13.81.2

Wall painting with premium acrylic emulsion point of

interior grade having VOC content less then
50Gms/litre of approved Brand and manufacture,
5 970.00 61.45 Sqm 59606.50
to achieve even shade & color two coats DSR.I.No.
13.83.2
painting with synthetic enamel paint having VOC
(volatile organic compound) content less then
150gms./litre of approved brand and manufacture,
6 383.00 53.90 Sqm 20643.70
to achieve even shade and color two coats DSR.I.No.
13.84.2
Applying priming coats with primer of approved brand
and manufacture having low VOC content
1.With ready mixed pink or grey primer on wood work
(hard and soft wood) having VOC content less then
50gms/litre DSR.I.No. 13.85.1 970.00 27.40 Sqm
7 2.With ready mixed red oxide zinc chromate on 373.00 24.30 Sqm 2.00
steel/iron works having VOC content less then 1800.00 25.55 Sqm
250grams/litre DSR.I.No. 13.85.2
3.with water thin able cement primer on wall surface
having VOC content less than 50grams/litre DSR.I.No.
13.85.3
Providing and fixing 30MM thick gang Saw cut

(diamond cut) sand Stone with machine cut edges for
wall lining etc. of required sizes and pattern as per
drawing over 12MM thick bed of CM1:3 including
pointing in white CM 1:2 mixed with an admixture of
pigment matching the Stone Shade, Chambering the
exposed edges of Stine Slab to make "V" grooves 147.00 1570.00 Sqm
8 230790.000
between adjacent Stones as required as per drawings 515.00 1650.00 Sqm
849750.00
complete including staging and double pipe scaffolding
at all heights.
1.Red sand Stone-Exposed face fine dressed with rough
backing 30MM thick DSR.I.No. 5.1.1.1
2.White sand Stone-exposed face fine dressed with
rough backing 30MM thick DSR.I.No.5.1.2.1
Providing and fixing Stainless steel clamps/pins of

required size & shape for anchoring stone wall lining to
9 the backing or securing adjacent Stones in Stone wall 258.00 477.00 Kg 123066.00
lining in cm 1:2 including making chares in Stone and
hole in wall wherever required. DSR.I.No. 5.3

Providing and laying 25MM thick red sand Stone (in

plinth protection) lard over 20MM thick base of CM 1:5
10 155.00 1026.00 Sqm 159030.00
including treating the joints with cement mixed with
pigment to match the shade of the Stone. DSR.I.No. 5.7
Washed Stone grit plaster on exterior walls of height up

to 10M above level in two layers under layer 12MM
cement Plaster 1:4 furrowing the under layer with
scratching tool , Applying cement slurry on the under
layer @ 2Kg of cement per Sqm. top layer 15MM thick
with marble chips of sizes from 7MM to 10MM nominal
11 size laid in cement marble powder mix 3:1 by weight in 800.00 320.00 Sqm 256000.00
proportion of volume including cement slurry etc. in
panels with groove all around as per approved pattern
including scrubbing and washing the top layer with
brusher and water to expose the stone chippings
complete as per specification and direction of engineer-
in-charge DSR.I.No.11.12
forming groove of uniform size in the top laver of
washed stone grit plaster as per approved pattern using
wooden battens nailed to the under layer including
12 removal of wooden battens, repair to the edges of 1458.00 15.00 Metre 21870.00
panels and finishing the groove complete as per
specifications and direction of Engineer-in-charge.
15MM wide and 15MM deep groove DSR.I.No. 11.13.1
providing and fixing glazing in aluminum door window,
ventilator shutters and partitions etc. with
PVC/neoprene gasket etc. complete as per the
Architectural drawings and the direction of project
13
manager.
1.With float glass panes of 4.0mm thickness DSR.I.No.
16.2.1 2.With float glass panes of 2.00 632.00 Sqm 1264.00
5.50mm thickness DSR.I.No. 16.2.2 170.00 755.00 Sqm 128350.00
Total Rs. 3551594.92
CONCLUSION
In the present study, energy efficient construction of an institutional building is taken as a case study. To
make building energy efficient more emphasis is given on the selection of energy efficient building
materials and construction techniques. As per the drawing of building and components different types of
energy efficient materials and construction techniques are adopted which are as :
1. Sand stone cladding on surrounding exterior walls.

2. Grit wash on outer exposed faces of walls.
3. Gypsum board panels, fixed in interior wall faces & ceiling.
4. Tinted glass fixed in windows & ventilators constructed in sun facing east and west facade walls.
5. Resin bonded fibre glass wool filled in ceiling & walls behind gypsum board panels & also in under
deck of truss.
6. High performances windows, doors and ventilators have fixed for energy saving perspective.
7. Orientation of building keeping long façade towards North-South direction.
8. Cavity wall construction in east & west façade sun facing walls.
 The total cost of the conventional construction of building is Rs.53298649.0
(As per approved estimate of CPWD, Project DN. Gwalior)
 The construction cost of building for ground floor portion is Rs.13891786
 The initial investment cost of energy efficient green materials

used in ground floor portion of building is Rs.3551594.92
 The total cost of building for ground floor portion including

energy efficient green materials is Rs.17443381.72
 The percentage increase in initial construction cost due to used of energy efficient materials is
Rs.3551594.92
 The annual energy consumption cost of building components

for ground floor portion using conventional lighting & conditioning
systems (As per calculation sheet) Rs.699150.00
 Assuming energy saving potential by adopting construction techniques

and low energy materials in components of building @ 30% annually
as per literature studies available =Rs.699150X0.30 =Rs.209745.00
 Assuming maintenance & operational cost of building is zero.
 Assuming lifecycle of building will be 50 years & payback period be 17 years.

Hence, total energy saving cost for 17 years =209745X17 = Rs.3565665>3551594.92
Hence OK. The Initial investment cost on energy efficient materials &
techniques used in the construction of this building can be calculated in the form of abstract of estimate
by the help of building’s approved estimate framed by CPWD Project Division Gwalior and finally it is
found that the initial additional investment cost of energy efficient materials will be recovered by energy
saving per month/per year in long run or payback period. Hence, this paper will provide an overview for
the construction of energy efficient buildings by using low energy materials and construction techniques,
which when adopted, can cut the overall energy consumption by 25% to 30% as per literature studies
available. In this way awareness in the society will be generated to construct more and more energy
efficient homes to conserve our natural resources for present and future generation by which our goal of
energy saving in buildings will be achieved.
References:
 ASCE Journal of management in engineering, January-2011 “green project management

practices for sustainable construction”
 Energy conservation building code tip sheet for building envelope, March 2011.
 Energy efficient buildings in India by TERI and MNRE, 2001.
 New technical solutions for energy efficient buildings by SCI Network for sustainable
construction and innovation through procurement.
 Operation and maintenance to improve energy efficiency and sustainability of existing buildings
by Dr. Sam C M Hui, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong.
 Solar passive design for new building, building guidelines by “TERI”.
 SVAGRIHA “The energy and research institute and association of development and research of
sustainable habitats, 2011”
 U. S. green building council 2006 & U.N.E.P. 2007.
 Village energy planning toolkit for semi arid regions fact sheet.
 http://www.synergy carbon.com “energy efficient building design
 www.teriin .org (energy and resource institute)
 http://www.edugreen.teri.res.in
 http://www.efficiencynb.ca “building materials for energy efficient homes and renovations”
 http://www.stonecladdingpanel.com
 http://www.homeimprovementpages.com.au
 http://www.sandstonecladding.co.za
 http://www.gypsum.org “for walls and ceilings”
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/glasswool
 http://www.isotop tinted glass.com
 http://www.grit wash.com
 http://www.birla white.com
 http://www.google.com “details of grit wash in Indian building
 http://www.isover.com “how to design and build an energy efficient building”
 http://www.apawood.org “the engineered wood association”
 http://en.wikipedia.org/energy-efficiency “efficient energy use”


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IRJMST Vol 5 Issue 11 [Year 2014] ISSN 2250 – 1959 (0nline) 2348 – 9367 (Print)

Energy saving in building by using energy efficient green building materials

P.S.Jatav1, Prof. Deepak Rastogi2, Dr. M.K. Trivedi3

International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology

Aims to construct energy efficient home:

 Proper orientation of the building to take maximum advantage of the sun.

Energy efficient building materials:

Insulation products: - There are many types of insulation products including:

Fibre insulation which consists of glass fibre and cellulose.

International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology

Air and vapour barriers:

 Reduced heat loss.

Features of energy efficient windows:

 Double or triple layers of glass.

 Insulated spacers between the layers of glass.

Ventilation equipment: All the houses need proper ventilation.

 Comfortable and healthy interior environment.

International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology

Energy efficient green materials used in case study building:

International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology

International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology

International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology

Features and Benefits of Tinted Glass:

International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology

International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology

2 A.H.U. Room 2.745m x 6.97m 1 3 2 1 -

3 Lecture Hall 6.97m x 12.485m 2 16 8 4 -

4 Research Scholar Room 9.20m x 4.315m 1 6 4 2 -

5 Multipurpose Room 9.20m x 4.315m 1 6 4 2 -

6 Server Room 3.37m x 4.22m 1 2 2 1 -

7 UPS and Electrical Distribution 3.37m x 7.00m 1 3 2 1 -

8 2.170m Wide Corridor 2.17m x 12.485m 1 4 -- -- -

9 1.870m Wide Corridor 1.87m x 12.485m 2 4 -- -- -

International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology

11 3.60m Wide Connecting Corridor 3.6m x 25.773m 1 6 -- -- -

12 3.30 Wide Stairs (front and rear) -- 2 2 -- -- -

13 Toilet Gents 3.23m x 3.60m 1 1 -- -- -

14 Handicaps Toilet 1.64m x 2.50m 1 1 -- -- -

CALCULATION SHEET FOR ENERGY CONSUMPTION

= 76X15W = 1140 = 1.14KW

Nos. of units for one hour = 1.14X1 = 1.14 units

Nos. of units for one day = 10 hrs.X1.14 = 11.40 units

For one year = 12X296.40 = 3556.80 units = 3557 units (say)

For17 years (payback period) = 17X3557 = 60469 units

As per MPEB’s current rates of energy consumption @ Rs 6.00 per unit

Energy price in terms of cost = 60469X6 = Rs 362814.00

TOTAL NO. OF FANS = 38 NOS.

= 38X50W = 1900W = 1.90KW

Nos. of units for one hour = 1.90X1 = 1.90 units

Nos. of units for one day = 1.90X10 = 19 units

International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology

Nos. of units for one month = 19X26 = 494 units

Nos. of units for one year = 494X12 = 5928 units

Nos. of units for 17 years = 5928X17 = 100776 units

Energy price in terms of cost @ Rs 6.00/unit = 6X100776 = Rs. 604656.00

TOTAL NOS. OF ACs = 14+1 = 15 NOS.

Nos. of units for one hour = 33X1 = 33 units

Nos. of units for one day = 33X10 = 330 units

Nos. of units for one month = 330X26 = 8580 units

Nos. of units for one year = 8580X12 = 102960 units

Nos. of units for 17 years = 102960X17 = 1750320 units

Energy price in terms of cost @ Rs. 6.00/unit = 1750320X6 = Rs. 10501920.00

TOTAL NOS. OF WATER COOLERS = 1 NO.