FACTS BY SVC (FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION)

ABSTRACT

The objective of this project is to improve power factor of transmission lines using

SVC (Static Variable Compensator). Static VAR Compensation under FACTS uses TSC

(Thyristor Switched Capacitors) based on shunt compensation duly controlled from a

programmed microcontroller.

Prior to the implementation of SVC, power factor compensation was done by large

rotating machines such as synchronous condenser or switched capacitor banks. These were

inefficient and because of large rotating parts they got damaged quickly. This proposed system

demonstrates power factor compensation using thyristor switched capacitors.

Shunt capacitive compensation - This method is used to improve the power factor.

Whenever an inductive load is connected to the transmission line, power factor lags because of

lagging load current. To compensate for this, a shunt capacitor is connected which draws current

leading the source voltage. The net result is improvement in power factor. The time lag between

the zero voltage pulse and zero current pulse duly generated by suitable operational amplifier

circuits in comparator mode are fed to two interrupt pins of the 8 bit microcontroller of 8051

family. Thereafter program takes over to actuate appropriate number of opto-isolators duly

interfaced to back to back SCRs. This results in bringing shunt capacitors into the load circuit to

get the power factor till it reaches unity.

Further the project can be enhanced to thyristor controlled triggering for precise PF

correction instead of thyristor switching in steps.{ cost Rs . 12000}

BLOCK DIAGRAM

UPFC related display of lag and lead power factor.

Abstract:-

The project is designed to get a display of all three conditions of power factor ie linear,

lagging and leading choosing appropriate load. Power factor is defined as the ratio of real power

to apparent power.

In this proposed system the time lag between the zero voltage pulse and zero current pulse

duly generated by suitable operational amplifier circuits in comparator mode are fed to two

interrupt pins of the microcontroller. The microcontroller used is of 8051 family. It displays the

time lag between the current and voltage on an LCD. The program takes over to actuate

appropriate number of anti-parallel SCR’s at its output in series with either an inductor or a lamp

or shunt capacitors into the load circuit to derive the power factor of each type of load for

display.

Further this project can be enhanced in future by using delayed firing angle control

method for each connected load through thyristors for achieving precise power factor.

Cost Rs 11000
 CYCLO CONVERTER USING THYRISTORS

ABSTRACT

The project is designed to control the speed of a single phase induction

motor in three steps by using cyclo convertor technique by thyristors. A.C. motors

have the great advantages of being relatively inexpensive and very reliable.

Induction motors in particular are very robust and therefore used in many domestic

appliances such as washing machines, vacuum cleaners, water pumps, and used in

industries as well. The induction motor is known as a constant-speed machine, the

difficulty of varying its speed by a cost effective device is one of its main

disadvantages.

As the AC supply frequency cannot be changed, so this project uses a

thyristor controlled cyclo converter which enables the control of speed in steps for

an induction motor. The microcontroller used in this project is from 8051 family, a

pair of slide switches is provided to select the desired speed range (F, F/2 and F/3)

of operation of the induction motor. These switches are interfaced to the

microcontroller. The status of the switches enables the microcontroller to deliver

the pulses to trigger the SCR’s in a dual bridge. Thus, the speed of the induction

motor can be achieved in three steps i.e. (F, F/2 and F/3).

This very concept can be further enhanced and implemented to control the
speed of a three phase induction motor. It can also be coupled with firing angle

control for any desired speed.

Rs 11500

Note: An induction motor is used to observe the output of the project. Cost does not include motor

cost

DC MOTOR EMULATOR

TWOLEVEL INVERETER

LQR CONTROLLER

EACH COST AROUND

Rs. 30000